The First World nkhondo

The First World nkhondo ndi chimodzi mwa nkhondo zambiri wokhalitsa ndi chofunika m'mbiri, amene amakhala ndi mwazi chachikulu. Iye anayamba zaka zoposa zinayi, ndi chidwi kuti panafika m'mayiko makumi atatu (87% ya anthu onse padziko lapansi), amene anali pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa boma.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse (chiyambi tsiku - June 28, 1914) linapereka mapangidwe midadada ziwiri: Entente (Britain, Russia, France) ndipo anapanga Alliance (Italy, Germany, Austria). nkhondo inayamba chifukwa cha chitukuko m'goli a dongosolo capitalist pa siteji ya utsamunda, koma chifukwa cha Anglo-German zotsutsana.

Zimayambitsa wa First World nkhondo ndi izi:

1.Krizis dziko chuma.

2. zikusiyana pakati pa zofuna za Russia, Germany, Serbia, komanso UK, France, Italy, Greece ndi Bulgaria.

Russia wakhala akuyesera kuti apeze mwayi kwa nyanja, England - kufooketsa Turkey ndi Germany ndi France - kubwerera ku Lorraine ndi Alsace Zikatero, Germany anali cholinga kutenga ku Ulaya ndi Middle East, Austria-Hungary - kuwayang'anira chotengera magalimoto m'nyanja, ndi Italy - kupeza ulamuliro mu kum'mwera kwa Ulaya ndi Mediterranean.

Monga tanenera, amaganiza kuti chiyambi cha First World nkhondo, imagwera pa June 28, 1914, pamene Serbia anapha ankayembekezera kulowa ufumu Franz. Chidwi yothetsa nkhondo, Germany mabodza boma Chihangare kuti awaperekere musankhepo kuti Serbia kuti ankati kungapondereze pa mwayokha. musankhepo ichi chinachitikira ndi kunyanyala misa ku St. Petersburg. Zinali apa kuti Pulezidenti French lafika kukankhira nkhondo Russia. Nayenso Russia limalangiza Serbia kukwaniritsa musankhepo, koma 15 July nkhondo Serbia anatsimikizidwa Austria. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha First World nkhondo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu kutengapo mbali ndi Russian analengeza, koma Germany akufuna kuletsa zonsezi. Koma boma tsarist anakana kutsatira lamulo limeneli, kotero pa July 21 Germany walengeza nkhondo Russia.

Ikudzayo nkhondo kulowa mayiko waukulu European. Choncho, pa July 18, nkhondo akulowa France - Russia wamkulu angakuthandizeni, kenako England kulengeza nkhondo pa Germany. Italy ankaona kofunika kulengeza usilikali.

Tikhoza kunena kuti nkhondo yomweyo kukhala poto-European, ndipo kenako dziko.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo World ine ndikhoza yodziwika ndi kuukira a asilikali German m'khamu la France. Poyankha, Russia anayambitsanso makamu awiri amanyansidwa ndi kugwila East Prussia. amanyansidwa uyu anayamba bwinobwino pa August 7, asilikali Russian anapambana chigonjetso mu nkhondo ya Gumbinemom. Koma posakhalitsa, asilikali Russia a anakodwera ndi anali ndi chisoni Germany. Choncho mbali yabwino asilikali Russian anawonongedwa. yotsala ya anakakamizika abwerere pansi mavuto mdani. Izo ziyenera kuti zochitika izi wathandiza French kugonjetsedwa dziko la Germany mu nkhondo pa mtsinje. Marne.

M'pofunika kuona udindo wa nkhondo Chigalashiya panthawi ya nkhondo. Mu 1914 panali Gilitsii lalikulu nkhondo pakati pa mayunitsi Austria ndi Russian. nkhondo masiku makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Poyamba, asilikali Russian zovuta kupirira mavuto mdani, koma posakhalitsa asilikali anapita zolawula, ndi asilikali Austria anayenera abwerere. Choncho, nkhondo Chigalashiya inathera ndi kugonjetsedwa wathunthu wa asilikali Austria ndi Hungary, ndi pamaso pa mapeto a nkhondo Austria sadathe kuchoka ngati nkhonya.

Choncho, chiyambi cha nkhondo World chimachititsa 1914. Zinatha zaka zinayi, izo panafika 3/4 la anthu onse padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha nkhondo anatha anayi maufumu chachikulu: Austria-Hungary, Russian, German ndipo Ottoman. Iwo anataya pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi ndi awiri, kutenga nkhani wamba, makumi asanu miliyoni anavulala.