SS Division "Totenkopf". Choyimira SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf"

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, ndi kwa anthu Russian kukonda dziko lako nkhondo unakhudzadi kwambiri mu mbiri ya mayiko onse - ophunzira. Mpaka lero, zochitika izi zimakhudza nkhanza awo ndi ukulu wa chintchito mamiliyoni a anthu. Chidwi mabuku a mbiri yakale ku m'nthawi yake ioneka izi zikhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi mabuku zonse zatsopano, zomwe zambiri, mwadala kapena ayi, kusokoneza tanthauzo la poyamba magwero zopelekedwa. Choncho, ayenera kukambirana dziko otsiriza nkhondo - mutu apakhungu ndi maganizo.

Malonje

Pakati pa otsatira ambiri odzipereka a Nazism, nyama nkhanza zosiyanasiyana komanso kusowa olimba mtima, fanizo la SS. Mu kuchitapo mwamsanga kutsogolo kum'mawa, Kukwezeleza magulu imfa kwa onse amene adzakhala panjira zawo. Yonse ya nkhondo, mbiri ya mtundu uwu wa asilikali mwaluso anakhalabe. Nkhanza kwambiri mu kuphana kwa anthu wamba ndi akaidi a nkhondo, wotchuka SS Division "Totenkopf". Tikumbukenso kuti ambiri a asilikali Russian, mayunitsi osankhika omwe si amene anayambitsa mantha kunyansidwa. Malinga ndi Maulendo a asilikali, SS anawomberedwa "ngati agalu misala", ndi kuwachitira njira yomweyo. Koma onse amadziwa mfundo yakuti monga nkhondo pawiri magawano "Totenkopf" ntchito bwino kumuukira ndi wosasunthika modziteteza. Kumvetsa zolinga za "asilikali" amenewa amanena za mbiri ya pawiri izi.

Himmler

A mbali yaikulu pa mapangidwe magulu a SS amene amagwira ntchito ndewu ankaimba mmodzi wa kanjedza akuluakulu a ndale a Germany m'nthawi Nazi - Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler. Mumadziwika chithunzi, mbiri deta mfundo zake za usilikali pa nthawi. The chidwi kwambiri ndi chikhulupiriro chake pa miyambo lachinsinsi la runes zosiyanasiyana, ndondomeko thupi lanyama, pamene inu kulenga SS "Black Order" Iye kwambiri anakuphunzitsani miyambo akale a Knights, amene anakhala ku mbali.

Pa siteji yoyamba ya chilengedwe anakonza Reichsführer mbali izi ngati "makamu chipani". Mu SS magulu anali monga chokha choyera racially Germany, amene ali otentheka okhulupirika kwa National Socialist Party. Ntchito za Waffen-SS poyamba anali kudziwika monga chitetezo mkati Germany, koma lokonzekera zinachitikadi nthawi yomweyo pa mlingo zinchito mayunitsi nkhondo. Himmler mwadala analenga asilikali ake, amene, mu maganizo ake, ankayenera kukhala ukasintha wosiyana mayunitsi a Wehrmacht ndi kutchula mtundu watsopano wa asilikali. Kutsutsana pakati pa asilikali akatswiri akapitawo ndi kasamalidwe mkulu echelon malingaliro Reichsfuehrer SS anatsogolera chakuti mapangidwe magulu zinachitikadi kufanana kwa pempho chachikulu. Gulu la SS "Mutu Imfa" analengedwa kuchokera chilipo gwero la anthu oti Himmler - chitetezo cha zozunzirako German. Chifukwa cha ichi linathandiza kwambiri ndi thandizo anawamasulira Theodor Eicke, amene adzadziwire sangathe bwino imawunikidwa. Komabe, kudzipereka kwake cheni Hitler ndi Himmler ayenera palibe ndemanga.

chilengedwe magawano

Ndende msasa Dachau ili pafupi Munich. Kuti ndi gulu tsogolo analengedwa pa maziko ake "Totenkopf". Mu 1934 Eike anafuna Himmler amakhala Brigadenfuhrer SS ndipo afika ku mlandu wake kuthamanga mokwanira, akumenya chivundi ndi mantha msasa munda. njira okhwima iye amanena kuti mu msasa wa Dachau mu kakafupi wa nthawi zonse, choncho ndi 1935 anakhala Woyang'anira wa dongosolo lonse chilango m'gawo la ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Mbiri ya SS Division "Totenkopf" ( "Totenkopf") Umayamba 1939, poyamba kugawanika anaberekera yekha ntchito chitetezo. Dzina likubwera kuchokera chizindikirochi kuti asilikali ankavala lapels awo mawonekedwe. Kuwonjezera pawiri rune Sieg, alonda a zozunzirako ntchito kukhala zizindikiro za chigaza ndi crossbones. Mbiri yakale, chizindikiro sanali kuvala zinthu zozizwitsa, kuti anasonyeza kunyoza imfa ndi okwana wodzipereka. Eike anali yoimba kwambiri wa zaluso onse Himmler, kotero kusankha linapangidwa chifukwa cha zizolowezi zake lachinsinsi. The chizindikiro cha SS Division "Totenkopf" anakongoletsa buttonhole msasa alonda onse pamaso pa nkhondo ndi analipo pa mawonekedwe a mayunitsi SS. Kulenga latsopano mtundu wa asilikali anasankhidwa Dachau, pa madera ake, ndipo iwo anali ophunzitsidwa. Zitsanzo zosankhidwazi zinachitikadi mfundo zokhwima kwabasi, zinabala Eicke panokha. Kukula kwa msilikali tsogolo la ulamuliro wa Hitler ayenera kukhala pakati masentimita 178 ndipo zinali zofunika thanzi labwino, zaka zapakati pa zaka 17-18 mpaka 22. Pa nthawi yomweyo kwambiri linaperekedwa kwa chiyambi mitundu ndi malingaliro andale. luso aluntha sanali imawunikidwa.

Malinga Eicke, msilikali ayenera kuti iye ayenera kuti muzikachita madongosolo popanda kupenda adequacy ake. Maziko kukonzekera inatalikitsidwa katundu thupi maphunziro ndi maphunziro ndale, zochokera kudana ndi mdani. Nkhanza akulimidwa ndi woyambitsa Eike. Chigawo cha "Mutu Imfa" SS analengedwa pansi chilango okhwima ndi kasamalidwe zonse kugonjera, sanasangalale paokha mukampu monga akaidi. Kumvetsa za ndizosowa chilengedwe cha dipatimenti imeneyi tikambirane mfundo zina pa moyo wa Eike ndi chithunzi cha m'maganizo. kudzipereka an'kanthunthumira kwa Hitler ndi Himmler anadutsa malire zonse zomveka.

Theodor Eicke

Ntchito anavula tsogolo SS wagawo mkulu mwadzidzidzi, kumakhudzana ndi chigonjetso cha Nazi ku Germany ndi chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Hitler. Kuthandiza pa dziko (choyamba) kulibe nkhondo opangidwa aliyense Eike mkulu udindo kapena mphamvu yayikulu. nyama yake achibadwidwe, mowolowa manja mwawathila psychopathy, anapita Nazi kotero Himmler anamupanga iye chida Chilango m'mbali mwa adani ake. Theodor Eicke, malinga m'nthawi yake, kusiyana ndi nkhanza wake ndi nkhanza chimaonekera ndi nkhani ya Ayuda, Chikomyunizimu ndipo onse amene sanali kukumana tanthawuzo la "Aryan chenicheni." makhalidwe amenewa ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa iye pa ntchito ku ndende, pamene anayambitsa mwambo ndi nkhanza okhwima chifukwa chophwanya malamulo, osati mwa akaidi komanso kuwateteza. khama lake zinali zofunika, ndipo wotsatira udindo wapamwamba chinachitikira ndi udindo watsopano. Kukonza dongosolo bwino lizigwira m'misasa, Eicke analandira mwayi maloto Himmler la "khamu watsopano", amene akukhala chimake wa SS Division "Totenkopf". Mlingo wa maphunziro anali otsika zokwanira lamulo luso iye anali. Zinali zophweka msilikali, amene kumanga ubale ndi atumiki kumaliza kugonjera malamulo iliyonse. Asilikali okhulupirika kwa iye, Eicke amatchedwa "Bambo" ndipo anayesetsa kuti agwirizane ndi lingaliro lake la msilikali changwiro cha ulamuliro wa Hitler. Chifukwa atsogoleri osaphunzira tsogolo Panzer Division SS "Imfa Mutu" anavutika zomvetsa waukulu zida ndi anthu, koma ndaleredwa mu asilikali Eike kukana walola iwo kukwanira kupirira katundu ndi nkhondo m'madera amene asiya mayunitsi ena onse.

ophiphiritsa

German magawano "Totenkopf", komanso mayunitsi onse a SS, amene anatsogozedwa ndi Himmler, analengedwa mu danga okhwima kwambiri maganizo. Umodzi wa uzimu, maganizo, zokonda adani ofanana ndi abwenzi, cholinga chimodzi ndi kusasamalira atolankhani pa zikayenda ake - mfundo zimenezi inakhazikitsidwa osankhika Nazi unit. The chizindikiro cha SS Division "Totenkopf" anali poopseza adani ndi abwenzi kuuzira ulemu. Mwina ndi ntchito chizindikiro kumanja. Mu chizindikiro ichi n'zosavuta kwambiri kuwerengera SS. Ndipo, monga ulamuliro, anawomberedwa yomweyo, asilikali Russian kawirikawiri atengedwa ukaidi momasuka, aliuma okonda wakupha. Lero pafupifupi sichinali alire Division "Totenkopf". Iwo amaitcha kuti alonda otchuka kwambiri ndi asilikali. The mphete anali ndi siginecha ya Himmler, asirikali chofunika dzina adiresi "wokondedwa wanga." kamangidwe kake lomwa ndi zizindikiro runic, zikuchokera kwa Center ndi chigaza ndi crossbones. Atafa mwini wake wa mphete kunali koyenera kuti abwerere ku Reichsfuhrer SS, amene anali makope zonse monga chikumbukiro comrades wagwa. Mkulu wa Himmler, akutanthauza anawonongedwa, kuti anaikidwa pa Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga chikwiyire ndi thanthwe.

Hymn SS Division "Totenkopf"

An'kanthunthumira kudzipereka kwa Hitler ndi mkulu lake anali zambiri zochokera lamanja la propaganda Nazi ndi malingaliro. Mutu wa Achinyamata ambiri amene sanali m'njira yeniyeni, mbali ya ziphunzitso mitundu ya Hitler, yagoletsa mabodza, pazipita kuchuluka kwa malangizo Logos ndi nyimbo kudzipereka kwa Mfumu. Mwachitsanzo, magulu a SS fambani "Imfa Mutu" lilibe mfundo iliyonse dziko lawo, nyimbo iyi zoti ife moyo pamodzi timafa pamodzi, ndipo pamodzi popem, ngati inu muli mwayi. Izi "mwaluso" ndi cholinga yekha wa asilikali wogwirizana ndi analeredwa ubale fraternal mkati wagawo ndi.

chakumadzulo

Tsogolo German Panzer Division "Totenkopf" ulendo wake ku Ulaya, kuyambira ndi Poland. Kandachime asilikali malire Eicke anali pambuyo ndimeyi wa asilikali zonse, ndi Wehrmacht, iwo ndi mbali ya apolisi m'gawo azikhala. Mu asilikali nkhondo "Mutu Imfa" si nawo, panali skirmishes ochepa ndi mbali mwa chilengedwe, koma makamaka magawano kumenyana ndi anthu wamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuyeretsa ntchito yawo anali ayesedwa kwambiri ndi Himmler.

Kuti akonze zonse kunachitika unit wa lamulo Waffen SS anaganiza kuphunzitsa akapitawo ndi Eike ndizosowa njira ndi njira za nkhondo, koma zotsatira zake zinali zoipa. Choncho, May 1940 ku Franco-German magawano malire "Totenkopf" akubwera onse chimodzimodzi zikuchokera thupi la boma, koma nthawi ili ndi luso kutenga nawo mbali pa nkhondoyi. Pa kuwukira chifukwa chosowa kotunga mayunitsi SS ankachita mu kuba osapita m'mbali anthu. Eike asilikali wolemekezeka okha France nkhondo zambiri, koma zomvetsa awo anali kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa alonda kasamalidwe osaphunzira. Kenako Himmler "ankawazazira" kwambiri ophunzira, koma mkulu ndi okhulupirika, ndipo kenako anasiya kugawikana Bordeaux kwa kukonzanso.

kampeni kum'mawa

Kuchokera April 1940 akuyamba gulu Unyinji wa asilikali a Nazi Germany malire a Soviet Union. Himmler zikugwira kachiwiri mapangidwe a mbendera zonse za SS. Izi anakhudzanso magawano "Totenkopf": lili makampani ena oyenda. Kukumana koyamba ndi asilikali Soviet zinachitika pa July 6, 1941. Malinga Manstein lopangidwa ndi asilikali amene magawano anayamba kuyenda mseru asilikali "Imfa Mutu" ali ndi mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri chilango kunkhondo anaukira mwamphamvu ndi mogwira mtima. Koma lamulo inept ya mphindi zonse zabwino yafupika ziro chifukwa cha kupambana onse anali akwaniritsa "magazi ambiri." Ndi yozizira, ndi 41 chaka imfa anali oposa 50% ya chiwerengero koyamba mayunitsi. asilikali Soviet anayamba kuukira magulu German motsogozedwa wakumpoto wa kutsogolo, chitetezo anachotsa tsiku lililonse ndi mazana a asilikali ndi nkhokwe pa Eicke ..silinasiyidwa mabungwe anali kwambiri wotopa maganizo ndi thupi. Komabe, kusiyana bwino chilango anapanga nkhondowo-wokonzeka wagawo, ngakhale popanda mtsogoleri, amene anatumidwa kumbuyo asavulale.

Demyansk kukatentha

Kumayambiriro January, 42 wazaka 4 pa nthawi yomweyo Soviet Army anaukira 16 German divziyu ncholinga chilengedwe ndi chiwonongeko wotsatira. Mkulu wa German Army Gulu "North" Leeb (Field polimbana) inanena kuti Hitler za mkhalidwe analenga kutsogolo ndipo pa kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa mbali zosankhika za Wehrmacht. Koma kuti mthunzi anali satsata, amene anathandiza asilikali Russian, ngakhale ndi zomvetsa lolemera, kumaliza kuzemba ndi malo pafupi Demyansk m'deralo. Ndipotu February 10 asilikali German atamenya kukatentha kwambiri. Leeb anatsanzika malo ake adayima mkulu wakale wa 18 Army Küchler. SS Division "Totenkopf" mu Demyansk kukatentha anali limodzi ndi mkulu wake Theodor Eicke, komwe anayamba chodzikanira yaitali. Malinga ndi kafukufuku zosiyanasiyana, chilengedwe anali pafupifupi 100 zikwi. Asilikali German amene anapitiriza amasowa kukana.

Choncho, avant-garde pawiri, zomwe zaperekedwa kwa kuswa chilengedwe, mu March 1942, anali SS Division "Totenkopf". History of the Third oti muli nazo zida Division wa Waffen SS n'zotheka kukathera ku Demyansk kukatentha. Ndipotu, pamene munakonza Ramushevskogo kulowera ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zotsala za lazungulira asilikali ndi Eike mayunitsi ndi zosakwana 30% a asilikali. Mpaka October 1942 gulu unachitikira udindo Demyansk Chigawo, chifukwa mtembo wake anatumiza zina ndi kubwezeretsa France.

kukonzanso

SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf" chimaonetsedwa nthawi imeneyi. Mwa dongosolo la Hitler wagawo aumbike monga Panzergrenadier. Kum'mwera kwa asilikali France Eike nawo opareshoni, "Attila", pambuyo magawano kunditumiza ku Angouleme. kapangidwe kake patsogolo ndi asilikali anapuma athe mkulu kukhazikitsa maphunziro atsopano wowawa kuti kupanga gulu yoopsa mu zida Nazi. Mpumulo yochepa monga vuto patsogolo kum'mawa amakhala oopsa, pa chiyambi cha February 1943 magawano unasamutsidwa kwa Ukraine ndi mbali ya asilikali a "South".

imfa ya Eike

nkhondo oopsa kwa Kharkov zinachititsa kuti zomvetsa kwambiri pa mbali zonse. Eicke anayesa ngati mkulu magawano kusonyeza kanthu njira, ichi iye anali kudziwa malo enieni a asilikali awo. 26/02/43 lomaliza iye anakwera m'ngalawa limodzi-injini wake reconnaissance ndege kuti anawomberedwa pansi ndi asilikali a Soviet ndi mfuti. thupi Eicke a anali kudana ndi m'manda mu Orelki. Pa achire wa asilikali German mpaka anali anaufukula ndi reburied mu Zhitomir. Kumapeto kwa December 43 mzinda anamasulidwa ndi asilikali a Soviet, ndi Eike Kutaya angaimbidwenso. Pa nthawi ya achire wa asilikali German ku Zhitomir mayunitsi onse SS anali mu malo osiyana, kotero mtsogoleri wa thupi iwo alibe anakwanitsa kutenga.

Budapest

Pambuyo kayendedwe ka asilikali German ku Ukraine wakhala mthunzi nthawi zonse, nthawi zina anakwanitsa kupeza kufalikira malo ena ndi kusunga chitetezo, koma asilikali Soviet anali kale wosaletseka. Pa malire a kumadzulo kwa anagwirizana asilikali zinachitika. Mizinda munthu chitetezo analola counterattack mwa rearrangement wa asilikali, koma tingalimbanirane ndi asilikali German sakanakhoza. Pamene yolimbikitsa makhalidwe ambiri a SS ankawaona, doukomplektovyvalis likuvutika mzake. Kufunika zonse kubwezeretsanso sanathe chimatha chifukwa mu gawo ku msonkhano tylovikov abwino. Kuteteza Budapest anakoka magulu onse ozungulira wa Wehrmacht, zomwe zina inapita patsogolo ndondomeko za kutenga asilikali Soviet mu Berlin ndi Vienna. Kuyambira January kwa April anapitiriza kulimbana kwa chigwa Chihangare, ndi makiyi a kotunga mafuta German. Azambiriyakale sizinachitike anatsimikizira, koma mwina panali awiri lodziwika bwino asilikali SS kugwirizana: Division "Edelweiss" ndi "Totenkopf".

"Spring Kugalamuka" kudzipereka

Mu March 1945, linali enieni gulu la asilikali, monga SS Division "Totenkopf". Photo ndi filimu yachokera kuti kutopa kwambiri duu ndipo zotsala analibe nkhongono kwathunthu mayunitsi German pafupi ndi nyanja Balaton kukonzekera amanyansidwa komaliza. Kuti zimenezi zitheke kutulutsidwa nkhokwe zonse zotheka, Hitler otchedwa ntchito "Spring Kugalamuka." Ndi ndondomeko imeneyi ndi kukhala chopinga chachikulu kwa asilikali Wehrmacht. Spring nthaka m'madambo thinned, zikubweretsa sachedwa isanayambike ndi moyenera, imfa ya kanthu. Kulephera ntchito Hitler womaliza zinachititsa eksodo la asilikali ndi kudzipereka kwawo. May 8, 1945 zotsalira za kamodzi mkulu-mapeto kugwirizana "Totenkopf" ( "Imfa Mutu") anagonjera ku America kuloŵa Linz n'kumachita kulola ndimeyi unobstructed la asilikali Soviet ku Vienna. capitulation The analandira, koma pa pempho la Soviet zatsalira lamulo Chigawo (pafupifupi zikwi) anatitumiza ku dziko la wopambana wa.