Polimbana AI Egorov:. Mbiri, mbiri, zithunzi

Alexander Egorov anabadwa pa October 25, 1883 mumzinda wawung'ono wa Buzuluk. Iye anali wamng'ono kwambiri, mwana wachinayi m'banja lonse. Palibe chomwe chinaphiphiritsira kuti mnyamatayo adzapanga ntchito yodabwitsa ndipo m'dziko losiyana kwambiri adzakhala mtsogoleri wa Red Army. Ndipo komabe izo zinachitika.

Maphunziro:

Mtsogoleli wam'tsogolo Egorov kuyambira ali mwana adalota ntchito ya usilikali (komanso atate wake anali msilikali). Mu 1902, mnyamatayo analowa m'sukulu yachinyamata ya Kazan ya Junkers. Kuphunzira kunali kovuta kwa mnyamata. Pulogalamuyi inaphatikizapo masamu, Chirasha, chilengedwe, fizikiki, lamulo la Mulungu, kulemba, chinenero china (Egorov anasankha Chifalansa). Panalinso zinthu zapadera zankhondo: machenjerero ambiri, mbiri ya asilikali, malo ojambula, magulu ankhondo, zida zankhondo, machitidwe ambiri othandiza, etc. Mu zokambirana, a Junkers adaphunzira zofunikira za bizinesi ya zida.

Soviet Marshal Yegorov anali msilikali wamkulu wa asilikali a Tsarist School. Kwa zaka za maphunziro ake ku Sukulu ya Kazan, zochitika zodabwitsa zinachitika: Warso-Japanese War ndi kusintha koyamba komwe kunayamba pambuyo pa Lamlungu Lachiwawa ku St. Petersburg. Kutentha kwa mkati mu ufumu sikukanatha koma kumakhudza mtima wa cadets. Sukuluyi inagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mafumu ndi otsutsa. Mtsuko wotsatira unalumikizidwa ndi mtsogolo marshal Yegorov. Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, m'mbiri yake, adanena kuti kuyambira 1904 iye adagawana maganizo a Socialist-Revolutionaries.

Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse

Maphunziro a Egorov adatha mu April 1905, pamene adalimbikitsidwa kukhala a lieutenant ndikupita kukatumikira ku Gulu la 13 la Alonda a Moyo wa Ervan. Ntchito ya msilikaliyo inali kukula bwino. Nthawi yake idasokonezeka pambuyo poyambanso nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse. Pokhala mkulu, tsogolo la Marshal Yegorov analandira ubatizo wamoto ku Nkhondo ya Galicia ku South-Western Front. Kuyamba koyamba ndi kutenga nawo mbali kunachitika pa August 13, 1914 mu nkhondo ya Busk. Nkhondo ya bayonet inatha ndi pakamwa pa adani awiri.

Mosiyana ndi akuluakulu ena ambiri, Yegorov anayesera kuteteza asilikali ake. Iye sankakonda kukonda kwamantha ndi zopanda pake, zotsatira zokha zomwe zingakhale imfa yopanda pake. M'chaka chimodzi chokha cha nkhondo, woyendetsa alandira mphotho zinayi. Pambuyo pake, adagwirizananso ndi ena: Order of St. Stanislaus 2 nd degree, komanso chida cha ulemu cha St. George.

Koma panali "mphoto" zina, zomwe zinapatsidwa mtsogolo kwa Marshal Yegorov. Zithunzi za usilikali sizidzakhala zosakwanira popanda kunena mabala angapo. Mu August 1914, patatha milungu iwiri chitangidwe cha asilikali kumayambiriro kwa Logovitsa, msilikaliyo analandira mfuti yomwe inagunda mfuti. Munthu wovulalayo anachoka kuchipatala pasanakhale nthawi. Mu April 1915 pafupi ndi mudzi wa Zarinis Egorova kunagwedezeka kwambiri ndi kupasuka kwa projectile. Pa nthawi imeneyo, sanakhale m'chipatala. Kenaka zotsatira zina ziwiri zinatsatira. Msilikali wopanda chidziwitso anathamangitsidwa kumbuyo. Iye adabwerera kutsogolo, ngakhale akuoneka opunduka.

Mu Meyi 1916, Yegorov anapangidwa woyang'anira ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba kunkhondo kunatumizidwa kutsogolo. Mtsogoleri wa asilikaliwa anakhala mtsogoleri wa Battalion wa 4 ndi 196th Infantry Regiment, yomwe ili ku Tver.

Kupita ku revolution

Kumapeto kwa 1916 kukhazikitsidwa kwatsopano kunatsatira. Egorov adayamba kulamulira 132th Infantry Bendery Regiment, yomwe idakhala ndi udindo ku Western Dvina. Pa nthawi imeneyo Alexander Ilyich anali kale kazembe wamkulu. Pa udindo umenewu anakumana ndi Revolution ya February. Kutsogolo kunali kovuta kwambiri ku uthenga wochokera kumbuyo. Ankhondo anali atatopa ndi kumenyana ndi kukhetsa magazi mu nkhondo yanthaŵi yaitali ndi yosasunthika.

Asilikali ambiri ndi alonda akuyembekeza kulowa ndale, akuyembekeza kuti akuluakulu atsopano adzatsogolera dzikoli mwamsanga. Marshal Yegorov anali asanakhale wosiyana. Mtsogoleri (pambuyo pa Revolution ya February) adalumikizana ndi Socialist-Revolutionaries. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'nthaŵi ya Soviet, Georgy Zhukov, m'kalata yake yopita ku Voroshilov, anakumbukira momwe kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1917 Alexander Egorov anawatcha kuti Vladimir Lenin ndi munthu wotchuka wa ku Germany.

Kupita ku Red Army

Pomwe mabolshevik akulamulira, dzikoli linali pafupi ndi Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe. Mu December 1917, Yegorov anadza ku Petrograd ndipo adalowa nawo ku Nkhondo Yakufiira. Monga msilikali wodziwa zambiri, adayamba kugwira ntchito mu komiti yokakamiza anthu kuti agwirizane ndi kuvomereza antchito atsopano. Panthawiyi ya ntchito yake, Yegorov anali mtsogoleri wa asilikali ku Komiti Yachigawo Yonse ya Russia, Abel Yenukidze. Bolshevik wakale (mu phwando kuyambira mu 1898) adayamikira kwambiri mphamvu ndi mphamvu za msilikaliyo.

Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1918, Egorov sanangotumiza ntchito ya komiti yokonzanso kachiwiri (mwachitsanzo, msilikali wanzeru ndi wofuna kutchuka, Mikhail Tukhachevsky - wina wa maulendo asanu oyambirira a USSR), komanso adakambirana ndi a German kuti asinthanitse akaidi. Nthawi zonse ankalankhula ndi oimira a Red Cross.

Pamutu wa Army 9

August 31, 1918 Mtsogolo Marshal wa USSR Yegorov adapempha pempho kuti amutumize kunkhondo yomwe idamenyana ndi nkhondo ya Civil Civil. Tsiku lomwelo pasanachitike, a Socialist Revolutionary Fanny Kaplan adayesa Lenin kuti awonongeke. Mfuti pafupi ndi chomera cha Mikhelson chinayambitsa chiyambi cha mantha pa phwando lake. Egorov mwiniwake anatsuka ndi SRs mu Julayi, ndipo munda unalowa mu RCP (B.). Anali ndi mwayi "wosintha" posakhalitsa asanakhale membala wa Socialist-Revolutionaries akhoza kuthetsa manyazi ndi imfa. Komabe, nyengo ya Socialist Revolutionary ya asilikali inamukakamiza patapita nthawi, pamene Stalin wa 30 anayamba kuyambira mu Red Army.

Mu August 1918, Yegorov adasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa asilikali 9, akuyang'anira Southern Front. Anali pa chiwembu cha Kamyshin-Novokhopersk ndipo aphungu a General Krasnov anakwiya kwambiri. Pamene apolisi anali kulandira udindo wodikira kwa nthawi yaitali, White adadula Balashov Railway. Ndi zinthu zosafunika ngati izi, mtsogoleri wam'tsogolo wa Yegorov adagwirizana. Zithunzi za asilikali zakhala zikudzaza ndi ntchito zosiyana kwambiri pamtunda wa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, kotero mtsogoleriyo, popanda chisokonezo, anayamba kubwezeretsa chikhalidwe chake.

Ntchito yaikulu ya Yegorov inali kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa nkhondo ya 9. Kwa kanthaŵi kochepa, chifukwa cha mphamvu yake ndi chipiriro chake, adatha kupanga kuchokera ku chipangidwechi kuti akhale nkhanza yatsopano. Ntchito zamphamvu zinayamba pa njira za Sebryakovsky ndi Filonov. Chifukwa cha thandizo la asilikali 9, otsutsa a Tsaritsyn adatha kuteteza mzinda wofunika kwambiri.

Sungani Tsaritsyn

Mu October mkulu wa asilikali anadwala kwambiri, ndipo adayenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa miyezi iwiri. M'ndende adalandira ntchito yatsopano. Msilikali wa 10 unasanduka gawo latsopano, loyendetsedwa ndi Marshal Yegorov. Zigawozo zinagonjetsedwa, koma pa malo atsopano asilikali anatha kufalikira payekha. Tsopano iye anakumana ndi ntchito yaikulu yatsopano - kupulumutsa Tsaritsin, kachiwiri m'manja mwa azungu.

Pa December 19, 1918, Yegorov wodwala anapita patsogolo. Mkulu wa asilikali atagona m'chipatala, malo ake adakhalapo ndi Nikolai Khudyakov (omwe adawombera). Ku Tsaritsyn zinthu zinali zoipa kwambiri. Palibe ntchito imodzi yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito (kupatula fakitale ya mfuti). Gulu la chipani cha mzindawo linasonkhanitsa anthu 5,000, koma mphamvu za anthu zidakalibe zokwanira. Nkhondoyo inali kunja kwa kunja. Sitima zapamsewu, misewu ndi mafakitale anali kusungidwa nthawi zonse. Pa January 19, 1919, a White Guard adayesa kuwoloka Volga pafupi ndi ayezi ndipo potsiriza adayendayenda mumzindawo.

Egorov anayamba kukonza nkhondo. Udindo waukulu mmenemo unasewedwera ndi magulu okwera pamahatchi pansi pa lamulo la Boris Dumenko. Pa January 22, nkhondo inayamba, cholinga chachikulu chomwe chinali kudutsa kutsogolo ndikuyenda motsatira mizere yoyera. Pa nkhondo yoyamba pafupi ndi mudzi wa Straight Balka, a Reds anagonjetsa maboma asanu okwera pamahatchi. Ndinakwanitsa kupita ku Davydovka. Pa January 28, Marshal Egorov anafika kumeneko. Mphoto yomwe adalandira mu nthawi ya tsarist inali yoyenera. Anakwanitsa kukwaniritsa kusintha kwa nkhondo ku Tsaritsyn. Ku Davydovka Yegorov anaona Budenny, yemwe analoŵa m'malo mwa Dumenko, amene anali kudwala kwambiri.

Kuvulaza ndi kubwerera kuutumiki

Pa April 4, 1919, Lenin anatumiza telegalamu ku Yegorov, pomwe adayamika ankhondo a 10th Army kuti apambane pa ntchito yozizira. Panthaŵiyi, kum'mwera, asilikali a Denikin anayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama, ndipo kum'mawa, asilikali a Kolchak anayamba kukhumudwitsa. Kuyenda kumeneku kunangowonjezera zotsatira za a Red Army pansi pa Tsaritsyn. Mu Meyi 1919, pa nkhondo yotsatira ku banki ya Sal, mtsinje wa USSR Yegorov (pamodzi ndi Dumenko) unavulazidwa kwambiri ndipo kwa nthawi yina sikunathere. Komabe, asilikali a tsiku limenelo adatha kupambana. Kuti izi zitheke, mkulu wa asilikali adalandira mwapamwamba kwambiri pa nthawi ya mpikisano wa asilikali a Bolsheviks - Order of the Red Banner.

Kwa milungu ingapo Egorov adagona m'chipatala cha Saratov ndi Moscow. Mu Julayi, adabwerera kutsogolo ndikupita ku 14th Army. Kenaka mu October 1919 - January 1920, Alexander Ilyich anali mtsogoleri wa Southern Front. Anasankhidwa pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya nkhondo yoyimira anthu. Azungu anali pafupi ndi Moscow kuposa kale lonse. Pa Oktoba 13 iwo analanda Mphungu. Likulu la Southern Front linali nthawi imeneyo ku Serpukhov kunja kwa Moscow. Zinthu zinali zovuta kwambiri. Kutayika kwa Moscow kungachititse kuti a Bolshevik apambane.

Pamutu wa Southern Front

Ngakhale zili choncho, Marshal Yegorov Alexander Ilyich sanasiye manja ake. Atsogoleredwe ndi Lenin, adachoka ku Western Front ya Latvia Infantry Division, gulu labanjali Pavlov, Primakov Cavalry Brigade, komanso mbali zina za RVS. Kuchokera podutsa-podge lamuloli linapanga gulu lapadera. Anayenera kukhala mtsogoleri wa White.

Nkhondo yamasiku ambiri inayamba ku Kromy ndi Eagle. Msilikali wa 13, 14 ndi gulu lododometsa linagunda matupi a Alexandrov Kutepov. Potero Denikin adakhumudwitsidwa. Panthawiyi, gulu lina lododometsa lolamulidwa ndi Budyonny pa chigawo cha Voronezh linagonjetsa matupi angapo a mahatchi oyera. Pa October 25, bungwe la Revolutionary Military Council of Southern Front linatumiza telegram kwa Lenin, yomwe inanenedwa za kugonjetsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali komwe kunayambanso kupambana. Uthenga unayinidwa ndi Yegorov ndi Stalin.

Pa December 12, asilikali achifwamba anamasula Kharkov, ndipo pa 16 - Kiev. Mu Januwale 1920 Rostov anayeretsedwa ndi azungu. Kotero mphamvu za Southern Front zinakwaniritsa ntchito yawo ndipo zinagonjetsa gulu lodzipereka la Denikin. Mosakayikira, Alexander Egorov anathandiza kwambiri kuti apambane. Kenako Marshal analemba zochitika zodziwika bwino za masiku a kugonjetsedwa ndi kupambana pa mapeto a Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe.

Ku Petrograd

Kumayambiriro kwa 1921, Yegorov anasankhidwa kukhala wotsogolera wa Msonkhano Wachiwiri wa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu. Mu April, adakhala mtsogoleri wa chigawo cha asilikali cha Petrograd. Pochita izi, asilikali anatsala mpaka September 1921. Ku Petrograd, Yegorov anayenera kuthana ndi zotsatira za kronstadt mutiny. Ombowa anapandukira pomwepo pa Bungwe Lachisanu. Kwa a Bolshevik, zinali zopweteka kwambiri. Egorov adayamba kukonzanso phwando la ndale m'gulu la asilikali.

Komanso, mkulu wa asilikali anamenyana ndi njala imene inkazunza Petrograd. Pokhala m'mphepete mwa malire, adapanga alonda atsopano akumidzi (mosiyana ndi malire a Finnish ndi a Latvia-Estonian). Kenaka kunabweretsanso - poyamba ku Western Front, kenako ku Caucasian Red Banner Army.

Zaka zamtendere

Mu 1931, Alexander Ilyich anasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa asilikali a Red Army. Pachikhalidwe ichi adakhala mmodzi mwa maulendo asanu oyambirira. Udindo wapamwamba mu Red Army anapatsidwa kwa Egorov chifukwa. Pa Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe Anakhala Wolimba Wonse Wachigwirizano. Aleksandro Ilyich anali a mlalang'amba wa akuluakulu a boma omwe anapanga nkhondo pachimenyana chakupha motsutsana ndi azungu.

Pokhala mutu wa likulu la asilikali a Red Army mu nthawi yamtendere, Yegorov adatsogolera ntchito yaikulu pokonza ndondomeko yokonzanso zomangamanga. Vuto la nyengo yamakono yakula mofulumira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 30. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR inauza likulu la Red Army kuti liyambe kukonzanso zinthu. Lipoti la zotsatira za ntchito yofunika kwambiriyi inakonzedwa ndi gulu la akatswiri osankhidwa. Antchitowo anali kutsogoleredwa ndi Marshal Yegorov.

Mkazi wa gulu la nkhondo Galina Tseshkovskaya anathandiza mwamuna wake pa gawo lirilonse la moyo wake (anali atakwatirana kale mu nthawi za tsarist). Nthaŵi imene anakhala ku likulu la Red Army sizinali choncho. Pachifukwa ichi Egorov adakhalabe mbiri yakale. Ntchito yake yonse inalipo nthawi zonse komanso kusintha kwa ntchito. Anakhalabe Mtsogoleri wa asilikali mpaka 1935, pamene anakhala Mtsogoleri wa General Staff.

Chiwonongeko ndi chiwonongeko

Mu May 1937, Marshal wa Soviet Union Egorov adachotsedwa pa udindo wa Chief of General Staff of the Red Army (m'malo mwake anabwera Boris Shaposhnikov). Alexander Ilyich anakhala wotsogolera ku People's Commissar of Defense. Mu 1937, anthu omwe analowa usilikali ankakhala ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu. Posakhalitsa zinaonekeratu kuti iwo anali pulogalamu yamatsinje oopsa mu Red Army. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa ndale ku Ulaya (ku Germany anthu a chipani cha Nazi anayamba kulamulira, mayiko achikulire adalanda malo awo, dziko lakale linayandikira nkhondo yaikulu) Stalin anaganiza zoyeretsa a Red Army.

Akuluakulu omwe adagwira ntchito zawo pa Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe. Mu 30 anthu awa amakhala ndi maudindo akuluakulu mu Red Army. Maganizo awo pa Stalin sanali uniform. Amuna amphamvu a "nzika" anali a zaka zofanana ndi Koba, anali ndi chikhalidwe choyenera kumuona kukhala woyamba pakati pawo. Stalin anali kumanga ulamuliro wolamulira. Ankhondo odzikuza ndi odziimira oterewo anachita mantha. Mndandanda wakuda wa Stalin unali ndi Marshal Yegorov. "Banja" la a Bolshevik akale, omwe anali ndi zida mu Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe, akhalapo kale. Choyamba, kutsutsa kwachitukuko kwa mtsogoleriyo kunagwera mbali ya Egorov. Kenako panafika opal weniweni.

Tsogolo la abambo mu chaka chatha cha moyo wake linali lofanana ndi omwe amazunzidwa ndi Stalin. Egorov idakonzedweratu mwatsopano kuti ikhale yatsopano, zolemba zonse zosaoneka ndi zofunikira. Mu Januwale 1938, iye anathawira ku ukapolo. Egorov anatumizidwa kukalamulira District of Military Transcaucasian. Uku kunali kusuntha kwa Stalin. Mwachitsanzo, Tukhachevsky anatumizidwa ku dera la Volga posakhalitsa kuti aphedwe.

Pamene Yegorov anali kutenga nkhani ku Caucasus, mitambo yotsiriza inali kumusonkhanitsa ku Moscow. Pa February 8, 1938, mkazi wake Galina Tseshkovskaya anamangidwa. Mkazi wa Marshal Yegorov anayamba kuopsezedwa. Monga lamulo, a NKVD choyamba adatenga achibale a munthu wapamwamba, amene adawoneka wakuda.

Pa February 21, Marshal Yegorov anaitanidwa ku Moscow. Mkazi wanga anali atagwidwa kale, koma vuto ili linali chiyambi chabe cha chiwonongeko cha banja la ankhondo. Alexander Ilyich anamangidwa mu likulu pa March 27. Anatumizidwa ku Lubyanka. Pali nthano yosatsimikiziridwa yakuti mu July 1938, People's Commissar wa People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs Yezhov anapatsa Stalin gulu lina la asilikali. Panali mayina 139 mu pepala ili. Stalin adagwirizana ndi kuphedwa kwa 138, koma nthawi yomweyo adatcha dzina la Yegorov. Pakuti olemba mbiri samakhala osadziwika, chifukwa cha chigamulo ichi chinali chiyani. Ngakhale, koma Marshal Egorov, yemwe chithunzi chake chinasiya kufalitsa nyuzipepala, anakhala m'ndende kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Pa February 22, 1939, Bungwe Lalikulu Lalikulu la Supreme Court la USSR linalengeza chigamulo cha mlandu wa usilikali. Marshal anaimbidwa mlandu wokonzekera gulu lankhondo ndi zigawenga. Khotilo linapeza Yegorov wolakwa. Ankhondowo anawomberedwa tsiku lotsatira. Pa February 23 - Tsiku la Red Army ndi Navy.

Pamodzi ndi Egorov anapereka miyoyo yawo, akatswiri ambiri. Pa malo a gululo wa High Lamulo la Red Army anapanga opanda gaping. Zotsatira za purges asilikali bwanji posachedwapa. Kale mu 1941, Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Ndi pamene dziko ankaona kuti alibe ogwira ophunzitsidwa. Pafupifupi anthu onse Team ankalola kulembedwa kwa achinyamata untried ndiponso osakonzekera. Stalin, mu nawo vuto lodana ndi za amene anaponya maluwa wa asilikali ake, opanda kusungitsa ogwira. Chifukwa cha kuti zimenezi kukhala zomvetsa yaikulu mu gawo loyamba la Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Pa atasemphana lonse ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler mu Red Army analibe luso ndi zinachitikira Aleksandra Egorova.