Styrene-butadiene mphira: katundu ndi ntchito, chilinganizo

mphira Styrene-butadiene ndi chimodzi cha zosankha kwambiri ntchito zipangizo polymeric. Ndi oyenera kupanga matayala ndi mankhwala ena mphira ndi apamwamba.

Anati zinthu polymeric wopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zotsika mtengo yaiwisi, ndi luso lake kupanga imatengedwa kuti azipezeka ndi zinayendera bwino zochita. M'kupita chifukwa styrene-butadiene mphira ali ntchito zabwino ndi makhalidwe mankhwala. Chifukwa amapangidwa ndalama wodalirika ndipo kuperekedwa ndi Mlengi zosiyana.

zipangizo za ulimi

Tiyeni tione ulimi wa rubbers styrene-butadiene. Monga zopangira kwa zinthu polymeric amusankha butadiene-1,3 kapena alpha-methylstyrene. Okonzeka styrene-butadiene mphira mwa njira mtondo kapena emulsion copolymerization. Mu njira yachiwiri anapanga matope butadiene-styrene rubbers.

emulsion polymerization

Kodi phwando mphira styrene butadiene? Zimene zimaphatikizapo polymerization anzake a styrene ndi butadiene mu emulsion ndi. Chomaliza mankhwala analandira chifukwa cha mogwirizana uyu, wotchedwa styrene butadiene mphira (SCS).

Panopa zoweta kupanga makampani mphira amatenga embodiments yosiyanasiyana mankhwala polima ofotokoza za mankhwala a.

Kodi osiyanasiyana styrene-butadiene mphira? Opanga kupereka mungachite zotsatirazi:

• rubbers amene mulibe mafuta (SCS ZOARK);
• Zida ndi kuchuluka avareji mafuta (SCM-ZOLRKM-15);
• ndi kuchuluka kuchuluka kwa mafuta (SCS ZODRKM 27);
• ndi makhalidwe kwambiri dielectric (SCS ZOARPD).

Limatchula maina

The manambala yoyamba mayina kuwauza zili kachulukidwe wa styrene mu mtengo koyamba, akanasankhidwa polymerization ndi:

• "A" kumafuna kukhazikitsa otsika kutentha ndondomeko polymerization (palibe madigiri oposa asanu).
• "M" akusonyeza kuti ali mafuta, osati styrene.
• Styrene-butadiene mphira ndi kalata "P" anatero kuchita polymerization popanda pamaso pa yang'anira a.
• "K" limasonyeza ntchito mu kupanga labala rosin emulsifier.
• Kalata "P" akuimira chuma opangidwa mu kukhalapo kwa mafuta chakudya, kupanga zidulo salt ndiwo mankhwala a tsankho makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa paraffins zimalimbikitsa.

amadziwika Kodi styrene-butadiene mphira? Mukuzilemba izo zinachokera pa ndondomeko polymerization, lomwe ndi bwino kuti ophunzira ngakhale sekondale, ophunzira m'sukulu za sekondale ndi m'makoleji.

Choncho, kupanga yekha makampani a rubbers ntchito smolonapolnenny styrene-butadiene labala, chilinganizo chimene sasiyana ku ochiritsira diene hydrocarbon. Pa rubbers opangidwa zochokera butadiene-styrene utomoni, kukana mkulu kumva kuwawa makina, chabwino makhalidwe zikopa ngati.

Emulsion ndondomeko polymerization ikuchitika unsembe wapadera mafakitale. Khalidwe ili mphira styrene-butadiene? Kuzolowera kuti zichitidwe ndi luso bwino ndi kuwonedwa. Kutalika avareji mankhwala anachita ndi maola 12-15. Nditamaliza wa lalabala polymerization aumbike, muli pafupifupi 30-35 peresenti ya mankhwala polymeric. Monga antioxidant ndi umayamba mu lalabala Neon D.

Kubala mphira kwa lalabala ndi electrolytes coagulation amene ali asidi sulfuric. Popeza kuti atumikire monga emulsifiers kanifolevoe mafuta ndi sopo, analengedwa pa maziko a mafuta zidulo kupanga, kuwonjezera coagulation anatinso mapangidwe zidulo mafuta ndi zotsatira zabwino maonekedwe luso la chotsirizidwa.

Powonjezera sopo asidi sulfuric akusinthika mu ufulu organic asidi kutsazikana lalabala coagulation ndipo anapanga styrene butadiene mphira. Ntchito m'zigawozigawo nkhani yomaliza zimatengera mtundu wa ulimi. Kwenikweni mphira ndi wamba zopangira makampani mankhwala a.

Kapangidwe ka mphira

Kodi dongosolo ndi styrene-butadiene mphira? thupi katundu wa thunthu anatsimikiza ndi peculiarities wa matabwa ake. Pamene apeze polima ndi ozotsionirovaniya polima anapanga ndi osasamba dongosolo. The jombo monomer mayunitsi ndi mosintha molekyulu umakhala nthambi.

Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya mayunitsi ali kasinthidwe trans, ndi 20 peresenti okha amakhala ndi CIS-dongosolo.

makhalidwe a

Tiyeni tione ndi styrene-butadiene mphira. Katundu ndi chuma kugwirizana ndi kulemera kwake mkulu maselo. Nthawi zambiri, ndi 150 000-400 000 mafuta odzazidwa rubbers A luso zotsimikizira kumaphatikizapo kusankha zipangizo ndi index mkulu wa misa wachibale maselo. Chotero njira zimathandiza kuthetsa kungasokoneze mafuta pa khalidwe labala, kupulumutsa kwa nthawi yaitali makhalidwe kwambiri processing wa mphira.

N'zotheka kupeza kuchokera mphira ethylene butadiene-styrene, anakhala ndondomeko unyolo ntchito activators, emulsifiers, owongolera, ndi zinthu zina pang'ono pa zimene zimadutsa chifukwa mphira zikuchokera.

mbali zimasiyanitsa

Zimaonetsa ndi styrene-butadiene mphira. Dongosolo la thunthu limasonyeza kuti kugonjetsedwa deformations makina, solvents aukali. Kusintha kukana ozizira ndi mphira elasticity kuchepa chakudya kuchuluka kwa styrene. The polima chifukwa anali kusungunuka mafuta, solvents onunkhira.

Kodi china chapadera SBR? The katundu ndi ubale ku zidulo anaikira, ketones, alcohols khola, kupatula polima ndi mpweya kwambiri ndi permeability madzi. Pa Kutentha mphira, pali kusintha kwenikweni structural kuti zikuwononga amakhudza thupi ndi makina zimatha mphira.

Matenthedwe makutidwe ndi okosijeni pa kutentha kwa 125 ° C amachititsa kuchepetsa kuuma ndi chiwonongeko. Anasintha makutidwe ndi okosijeni kumafuna kwambiri structuring polima amakhudza kuwonjezeka mu chinthu chimodzimodzi ake.

Features ya ntchito

Kulenga mphira zikuchokera ntchito kunali styrene butadiene mphira. Katundu, ntchito imeneyi woimira kalasilo diene chimasanduka wolingana ndendende ndi mbali ya chilinganizo ake structural.

Pamaso pa magulu phenyl mbali amakhudza wa bwino kukana kuti kukhudzana ndi cheza poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya ma polima izi.

Mu nyimbo mphira omwe anapangidwa zochokera mphira butadiene-styrene, otsika amate, kuchuluka shrinkage pa calendering ndi extrusion. Izi ali kungasokoneze kukhazikitsa njira, komanso pa ogwirizana (msonkhano) mphira akusowekapo.

Mu otsika kutentha zothandizira mphira processing, iwo amatchedwa "otentha" rubbers.

zosiyanasiyana rubbers

Zofewa styrene-butadiene rubbers ndi otsika otsika kutentha kulimba Koma iwo n'kuukanda.

m'kamwa molimba amapangidwa zochepa mwa kuwagwiritsa mastication matenthedwe zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni mu mlengalenga pa kutentha pafupifupi 1400 ° C ndi ntchito activators kudzitsitsa ndondomeko.

Mu unfilled vulcanizing otsika kwamakokedwe mphamvu. Pamene kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa styrene omangidwa mu pawiri polymeric yafupika kukana ndi kukana kumva kuwawa, kumawonjezera kukaniza kuti chisanu, kuchuluka elasticity.

Sazhenapolnennye (ndi mpweya wakuda), curatives butadiene-styrene rubbers ndi magawo kwambiri matenthedwe kukaniza ndi durability, koma penapake otsika mu elasticity ndi mapindikidwe kulimbikira rubbers ochiritsira. curatives zothandiza ndi kukana zina zidulo anaikira ndi kuchepetsedwa, mowa, alkalis, esters. The jombo zosungunulira iwo pathupi.

Onse a ma polima chifukwa ntchito popanga matayala, amapanga zosiyanasiyana nkhani sanali kuumbidwa ndi kuumbidwa. Mwachitsanzo, a butadiene-styrene malamba mphira conveyor anapangidwa kupanga matabwa, kutulutsa nsapato mphira. Mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka cheza kukana rubbers awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kupanga labala ndi kukana akadakwanitsira kuti cheza Popanga madzi a gamma.

Kupanga mankhwala ena kuposa makhalidwe Hardy kwambiri, ndi feedstock ntchito, zimene zinaphatikizapo osachepera styrene okhutira.

Zochita za styrene-butadiene rubbers njira polymerization

Makampani zoweta anakonza yopanga styrene-butadiene rubbers njira polymerization ndi styrene zili zosiyana:

• SBR-10.
• SBR 25.
• SBR-18.
• SBR 50.
• 25E-ROSC (zatithandiza makhalidwe dielectric).

Akugulitsa pali mphira, womwenso microblocks onunkhira styrene, anafuna processing jekeseni.

Komanso, pali mafuta odzazidwa mphira njira polymerization, amene ali kwa mafuta 27%. Chifukwa njira polymerization pamaso pa organolithium catalysts anapanga chosinthika magawo yaikulu ya kapangidwe maselo:

• unyolo nthambi;
• maselo kulemera;
• macrostructure.

Makhalidwe zimasiyanitsa rubbers zimenezi akuti kwambiri pamaso pa polima (mpaka 98%), ndi osachepera kuchuluka zosafunika. The ma polima ndi dongosolo liniya poyerekeza ndi emulsion styrene-butadiene rubbers.

zipangizo Polymeric anaphunzitsidwa ductility mkulu, kuvala kukana, kukana ozizira, kuchuluka kukaniza kuti akulimbana. Onaninso mkulu zazikulu kupirira zinthuzi. Pa shrinkage m'munsi ali Mooney kukhuthala kwambiri kuyambira macromolecule ndi dongosolo liniya, kudzazika ndi ambiri mwaye (mpweya wakuda) ndi mafuta popanda zikuwononga kusintha mawotchi ndi thupi katundu wa vulcanizates.

Pali ubwino zamakono kupanga labala matope poyerekeza ndi options emulsion, koma amafuna zambiri pa chiyero cha monomers ntchito. Anakonza polymerization rubbers ntchito makampani tayala, polenga malamba amphamvu conveyor, zidendene nsapato, hoses labala, mphira mbali zambiri. The zigawo zikuluzikulu koyamba kwa kupanga zipangizo polymeric wa mtundu uwu imatengedwa styrene ndi 1,3-Buada. Rubbers akamagwira njira kapena emulsion copolymerization.

Makampani ano si kupanga luso sanali odzazidwa labala, komanso anakonza kupanga ma polima omwe alipo mu zikuchokera utomoni, ndi mpweya wakuda, mafuta. Mwa zipangizo polymeric akupangidwa ku nusu ya styrene nkhani butadiene mphira koposa theka la mphamvu yopanga.

Chifukwa lonse ili ndi mkulu homogeneity ya maonekedwe ndi mankhwala mankhwala chopangidwa, kupezeka kwa monomers poyambira (styrene ndi butadiene), ndipo chokhazikitsidwa mzere ulimi.

Wamkulu Unyinji wa mphira styrene butadiene ulimi wamakono akamagwira emulsion copolymerization wa styrene ndi butadiene.

Gulu la mphira mu dongosolo

Popeza zinthu polymerization ndi zikuchokera zigawo zikuluzikulu ntchito anakonza yopanga rubbers styrene-butadiene, amene ali osiyana mu kapangidwe katundu. Anandilola zowerengera, osasamba yogawa mayunitsi structural wa styrene ndi butadiene mu macromolecule lapansi.

Monga kutentha amachepetsa pali kuchepa zili kachulukidwe wa otsika tuzigawo twa maselo kulemera kwaiye mphira. Komanso, pali kuchepetsa wa nthambi structural, kuwonjezeka mu zonse kapangidwe polima, kuti ndithu amakhudza luso ndi opaleshoni makhalidwe a chotsirizidwa.

Mu chitukuko cha ulimi zoweta angapange mfundo yofunika chinali kukhazikitsa ulimi zipangizo butadiene-styrene ndi polymerization ndi limagwirira kwakukulu. Pakali pano, zomangira wa mkulu khalidwe ndi pa mtengo angakwanitse kubala zomera Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Togliatti, Sterlitamak, Voronezh.

luso Features

akhoza analandira polima ndi magawo ena, ngati n'koyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kupatsidwa kulemera pafupifupi maselo amene malamulo monga polymerization ndi powonjezera owongolera angathe kuchita kufala unyolo. Monga kachulukidwe owongolera zili anati kuchepa thupi maselo a polima lapansi.

Kodi akhoza ankamuona ngati emulsifiers, oyenera kupanga emulsions khola la monomers, ndi kubala mankhwala chomaliza cha polymerization, ndi latices? Mankhwala Gawo ankaona potaziyamu kapena ndi sodium salt mafuta zidulo kupanga carboxylic, hydrogenated rosin ndi mchere alkisulfonatov.

Posankha rosin izo poyamba pansi chithandizo chapadera. Mu ndondomeko disproportionation pamene chothandizira (palladium), izo amapeza katundu wofunikila rubbers ndondomeko unyolo.

kupanga Spefitsika

Pakuti copolymerization ntchito batire polymerizer. Pokonzekera analinso ndi wosanganiza ndi chisanadze mwayeretsa zouma styrene, butadiene, ndi zosungunulira (kungakhale cyclohexane) mu chiŵerengero cha 5/1. zigawo winanso wa feedstock koyamba zimalowa chosakanizira orifices kwa khalidwe kusanganikirana. The osakaniza kenako anawalozera kwa chabwino kuyeretsedwa mankhwala zosafunika zosiyanasiyana kakang'ono.

zida The akutumikira organolithium mankhwala titer pa 25 ° C kwa mphindi 20. Mlingo wa kuyeretsedwa anatsimikiza ndi osakaniza mtundu. Ngati zinyalala palibe, kwa osakaniza pang'ono bulauni mtundu. Isanafike polymerization, mktae ndi wothira chothandizira ndi, kumalo ozizira zina.

Dongosololi ikuchitika batire, chomwe ndi zida zitatu muyezo, ndi successively kudyetsa mlandu. The kutentha mkati polymerizer ndi anakhalabe mu osiyanasiyana 50 80 ° C. Kutalika pafupifupi zonse za ndondomeko mankhwala ndi maola 6.

Pomaliza

Uliwonse dera la moyo ndi ntchito ya anthu kukumana zipangizo yake, zomwe ndi zochokera mphira styrene-butadiene. Choyamba, tiona chilengedwe cha mphira zidendene nsapato, matayala magalimoto labala zosiyanasiyana munda payipi.

The copolymers mwachisawawa styrene ndi butadiene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga zipangizo zamagetsi zokutira zitsulo, mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti makampani galimoto, kuphatikizapo chilengedwe cha matayala apamwamba. Nzeru matekinoloje kuti ntchito opanga zapamwamba wa rubbers styrene-butadiene, aloleni kuti kupanga ndi chifunirocho magawo thupi ndi mankhwala, anafuna makhalidwe ntchito.

Pakati pa mbali imeneyi kupanga ntchito aganizira catalysts mkulu khalidwe. Malinga Kapangidwe ka rubbers apanga zimasiyana ndondomeko nthawi ya chilengedwe awo ndi ndalama lenileni la mankhwala chopangidwa zochokera mphira mphira.