Margarita Aliger ndakatulo: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Margarita Aliger, amene yonena ndi chenicheni chidwi mafani ya ntchito yake - wotchuka Soviet ndakatulo, kupereka ndi Stalin Prize la mlingo wachiwiri ndakatulo "Zoe" munthu wolimba chintchito Soviet mtsikana Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy.

ubwana

Nzika ya mzinda wa Odessa, Margarita Aliger, yonena zimene tinaziona anabadwa pa October 7, 1915 ku banja Ayuda akuluakulu wosalabadira. Mayi anga anali wapabanja bambo wake - amatha munthu comprehensively erudite, kuti adyetse banja lake, akuyesera kuti mwa njira iliyonse: kupereka maphunziro, anakagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana kompyuta, analimasulira. Rita anali kukondedwa mwana wake yekhayo ndi zambiri. Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 9, bambo wake anamwalira.

Metropolitan moyo

Kuyambira ali wakhanda, msungwanayo anali kwambiri amakonda kuwerenga ankaona ntchito ya Pushkin ndi Nekrasov, ndipo anapanga zoyesayesa choyamba kulemba mizere ya ndakatulo. talente yake zolembalemba, iye anayamba kuuza zaka sukulu: maholide onse ndi zochitika zazikulu. Patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za sukulu anapitirizabe kuphunzira mankhwala sukulu luso, anagwira ntchito yomweyi pa fakitale ndi wokonzeka yolumikizana miyoyo yawo zimapangidwira. Patatha zaka ziwiri, Margarita anazindikira kuti akwaniritse moyo wake ndi ndakatulo ndi mabuku. Pa zaka 16 anasiya sukulu ndipo anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene iye anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake luso. Kulephera mayeso ku koleji, iye anavula ngodya, anapita kukagwira ntchito, woyamba monga mabuku OGIZ Institute, ndipo kenako mu nyuzipepala fakitale. Mu 1933, anayamba m'magazini "Ogonyok" magazini, pokhala womvera zonse maphunziro ake zolembalemba: mabuku oyamba anali ndakatulo "Mvula" ndi "Tsiku ndi Tsiku moyo".

Margarita Aliger: zilandiridwenso

Mu 1934, Margaret anadzakhala wophunzira wa Institute of Literature dzina la limakhulupirira Gorky, kumene maphunziro zinachitika mpaka 1937. Yogwira buku la ndakatulo ndi maonekedwe ena anayamba mu 1935: dziko anaona zopereka monga "Chaka cha Kubadwa", "Miyala ndi udzu", "Railway". Kuchokera 1934 mpaka 1939, Margaret anayenda kwambiri, anapita Leningrad, Karelia, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Belarus ndi Ukraine. Maulendo amenewa achititsa kuti kubadwa kwa ndakatulo watsopano, amene anali kufalitsidwa ndi ofalitsa osiyanasiyana mofunitsitsa. Ntchito yomasulira, njere pa nthawi ndi anawonjezera zaka zambiri, anakopeka anzake mkulu Lugovskoy V. ndi P. Antokolsky. Zolembalemba Mabaibulo Margarita zathandiza kuti owerenga Russian timudziwe bwino ntchito za olemba ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndiponso kuona m'maganizo ndi payekha ya aliyense wa iwo.

ndi mphoto yoyamba

Margarita Aliger ndi imodzi mwa ndakatulo anayi (Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, M. Matusovsky), analemba ndime kalata kwa anthu amunamuna a Spain pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni mu dziko, n'chifukwa chidwi cha Stalin ndi chifundo chake cha ndakatulo ntchito. Monga ambiri a m'nthawi yake mu 30s Aliger Margarita losifovna moyo mu mphamvu ya nthano wogwila za Soviet Union tate wa kulenganso dziko, a bungwe la Soviet Union kwambiri chilungamo ndi zabwino, za Stalin - monga mtsogoleri wanzeru kwambiri. Ndakatulo m'gulu la Komsomol, ndipo mu 1938 Margaret anali membala wa Writers 'Union ndi membala wa komiti ya Krasnaya Presnya. Mu 1939, wolemba ndakatulo anali kupereka woyamba boma mphoto - dongosolo la baji Ulemu.

moyo Banja Margarity Aliger

Mu 1937 Margarita Aliger, amene yonena ndi umakhudza ndakatulo ndi mabuku, analenga banja ndi mnyamata Wolemba Konstantin Makarov-Rakitin. Pa siteji koyamba kukhala limodzi mwayi banja amapunthwa pa moyo zakuthupi: moyo si zokwanira awiri maphunziro. Pambuyo chowawa, ndipo yaitali matenda chaka chimodzi mwana wake anamwalira banja, mwamuna anadzipereka kutsogolo ndipo anaphedwa m'masiku oyambirira a nkhondo. Pokumbukira mkazi wake, amene imfa Margarita ndi zovuta kwambiri kudutsa, anadzipereka ndakatulo "ndi chipolopolo mu mtima wanga, ndimakhala ku dziko" ndi "Music." Constantine anatha kulemba ndakatulo mkazi wake angapo nyimbo ndi zidutswa limba: kuwala ndi melodic. Ku ukwati mu manja a Marguerite anakhalabe mwana Tatiana, ndipo kenako kulumikiza moyo wake ndi ndakatulo. Iye anafa ndi khansa magazi mu 1974. The bambo a mtsikanayo chachiwiri Masha anali Alexander Fadeev, pa nthawi anakwatira Angelina Stepanova - Ammayi wa Moscow Art Theatre, ndipo anadzipha mu 1956. Mwana wamng'ono wa mboni - msungwana wokongola kwambiri, banja ndi German ndakatulo Hans Magnus Entsensergerom adagwidwa naye Germany. moyo Banja sizinayende, Maria anakakhala London, ankachita nawo mabuku kulemba ndi nkhani, Mabaibulo kuchokera English, amene anadziwa mwangwiro. Mwadzidzidzi, onse kudzipha mu 1991.

Margarita Aliger: ndakatulo ya nkhondo

Kuyambira 1938 mpaka 1940 Margaritoy Aliger mabuku atatu a ndakatulo zinasindikizidwa, anakonza ntchito yatsopano, koma wasintha nkhondo nawo mwachindunji mwamsanga zimene Marguerite ankaona khama, tsiku ntchito yake mu zinthu nkhondo, nkhani ya ana awiri ndipo amakhala - mofanana miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a akazi Soviet, amayi asilikali, akazi ndi ana amasiye. Chiyambireni nkhondo Aliger Margarita losifovna ntchito mu anazinga Leningrad mtolankhani asilikali chifukwa nyuzipepala "chiwombankhanga Stalin" pa akonzi ntchito mowirikiza oyendayenda ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za kutsogolo. Zosonkhanitsa za ndakatulo zake ( "Mu chikumbukiro cha wolimba", "ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo", "Lyrics") Aliger odzipereka kwa amene waima pa kutsogolo ndi kuika miniti iliyonse kufa kuteteza dziko lawo; ndi kuyamika kokha kwa mitima awa olimba mtima, iye mamiliyoni nzika Soviet akhoza moyo, ntchito ndi kukhulupirira m'tsogolo. Mu 1942 iye analemba ndakatulo "Zoe," chimene chimafotokoza za chintchito Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy. Kulenga ntchito imeneyi zotchuka Margarita mwachangu kusonkhanitsa chuma, ndinakumana ndi anthu amene akudziwa Zoe: apongozi ake, aphunzitsi, abwenzi, partisans a dongosolo la mtsikana kuwerenga mabuku ake sukulu thupi, mabuku kuona ntchito zomwe zinachititsa kuti kufunika kulemba za ungwazi akazi Soviet. Ndendende chifukwa cha dzina mankhwala a Margarity Aliger anatchuka ndi chizindikiro mabodza kukonda dziko. Pakuti ndakatulo "Zoe" Margarita Aliger lamulo yolembedwa ndi Stalin pa March 21 , 1943 anali kupereka wa Stalin Prize la mlingo wachiwiri. 2 masabata pambuyo pa April 3, m'manyuzipepala ndi kalata yochokera Marguerite, imene ndakatulo anandiuza kuti ndipereke umafunika analandira kuchuluka kwa 50 000 rubles zosoŵa za Red Army ndi patsogolo mphamvu zake zida. Komabe, kuchita izi wopatsa sanatchulidwepo kulikonse. Bwino ndakatuloyi "Zoe" ouziridwa Margarita kulenga ntchito kwambiri ndi nkhani yomweyo. Choncho amachitira sewero "The nthano wa choonadi" analengedwa, adali ndi kupambana yaikulu pakati pa magulu zisudzo. Atamwalira Stalin, Margaret anatsimikizidwa ndi otsutsa "mediocre" ndakatulo.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake wolemba ndakatulo

Mu 1955, ndakatulo Margarita Aliger nawo chilengedwe cha "zolembalemba Moscow" - otchedwa m'firiji pamtunda Almanac, anali membala wa Union of Writers wa RSFSR ndi USSR.

Mu zaka 60-70, wolemba ndakatulo anapitirizabe ntchito yake zolembalemba, ntchito zake nthawi zonse lofalitsidwa, Margaret anapita m'mayiko ambiri ndipo analemba mkombero wa ndakatulo monga "Mfundo Japanese", "misonkhano iwiri", "wachisoni Spain", "Kuchokera Notebook French" "Italy moyo wanga", "ndakatulo kutali," "Bwererani Chile." Mu 70 TH chaka anafika woyamba mabuku awiri, lofalitsidwa ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo Margarity Aliger, mu 1984 - atatu buku mndandanda wa ntchito.

Margarita Aliger, yonena ndi chidwi chenicheni pa mbadwo panopa, amene akufuna kukhudza kale nkhondo, anafa August 1, 1992 pafupi ndi Villa wake pangozi: yagwera mu dzenje lakuya. Ndakatulo m'manda mu manda ku Peredelkino pafupi awo aakazi.