Mutu wa nkhondo Lermontov. ntchito Lermontov a za nkhondo

Mutu wa nkhondo Lermontov ndi imodzi mwa malo waukulu. Ponena za zifukwa akuchitira ake a ndakatulo iyi, n'kosatheka kuona zochitika pamoyo wake ndi zochitika m'mbiri zimene zinapangitsa worldview wake ndipo anapeza Echo ntchito.

zochitika zofunika kwambiri pa mbiri ya

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov anabadwa mu 1814, pamene asilikali Russian potsiriza anagonjetsedwa Napoleon. Pa zaka khumi iye mboni kugalukira Decembrist pa Senate Square. Ndi Pugachev kupanduka anali olekanitsidwa ndi anthu ena makumi asanu. 1830 chinali French kuukira boma, zipolowe wamba inayamba mu Russia. andakatulo tsogolo ndi olemba panthawiyo anali usinkhu wa zaka sikisitini. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nkhondo awiri - Zapakhomo 1812 ndi Pugachev kugalukira - waikamo kwambiri kukumbukira osati wa Lermontov, koma ambiri a m'nthawi yake.

Nkhondo ndi Napoleon makamaka nkhawa wolemba ndakatulo zifukwa zambiri. Choyamba ndi, kumene ankasonyeza mphamvu yaikuri wa anthu Russian. 1812 ndi malongosoledwe a zaka nkhondo inali ngati kudandaula m'badwo amakono amakhala ndi khalidwe loipa. Komanso, bambo Lermontov a nawo, ndipo agogo mumaikonda a ndakatulo iyi - Athanasius ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Stolypin - anakhala ngwazi Borodin. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nyumba zonse anakamba nkhani ya mutu wa nkhondo. Lermontov ali ngati siponji kungolandira kukambirana.

Ndakatulo za nkhondo

Tinakambirana za nkhondo, ndi pa University Moscow ndi pa sukulu ya alonda boma ensigns ndi cadets apakavalo kumene Lermontov kuphunzira. Ndakatulo za nkhondo 1812, anayamba kulemba oyambirira wachinyamata.

"Munda wa Borodino"

Imodzi mwa ntchito woyamba wodzipereka kwa Nkhondo ya Borodino, anali ndakatulo "Borodino Field". Iye analemba zaka ziwiri. Izi ndakatulo unyamata Lermontov atsimikiza mtima nkhondo kwawo kupyolera. Nkhani mwa munthu woyamba, kotero owerenga ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa ndi ndani chinkhoswe mu kukambirana - ndi msilikali yosavuta, Ofisala, oyenda kapena wapolisi zida zankhondo. Chifanizo cha ngwazi za sanafotokoze zopelekedwa mbiri, chifukwa achinyamata Lermontov sanabadwe anamuchotsa wa worldview chikondi. Mawu ake adakali kutali anthu, amagwiritsa ntchito buku mawu, ouziridwa ndi mawu a Zhukovsky. Mwachitsanzo: "ana a usiku", "manda denga," "fateful usiku".

"Munda wa Borodino" n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi chirichonse chimene zalembedwa za nkhondo kale. Ndipo sanali mu ndakatuloyi mwangwiro amaphatikiza zopeka woyambitsa ndi zochitika zenizeni za nkhondo. ngwazi Lermontov ndi odzala ndi moyo, alibe detachment kuti anali ndi khalidwe la ngwazi za pamwamba Zhukovsky.

"Awiri a chimphona ndi"

Lankhondo mutu - mmodzi wa waukulu, umene analemba wamng'ono Lermontov. Nkhondo ya 1812 ali anakhudzanso, ndipo mu ndakatuloyi "Awiri chiphona." Mmenemo ndakatulo allegorically chikusonyezera Russian kugonjetsa Napoleon. Iye amagwiritsa ntchito colloquial mawu nyimbo amajambulapo maluwa okongola ndi chilinganizo chadzaoneni, zithunzi epic a "Russian Knights" kupambana pa zoyipa.

Makamaka mochititsa succinct kupikisana "kufika" mlendo ndi wanzeru "Russian Giant". Mu otsutsa awa awiri tikuona chongoyerekezera nkhondo pakati Russia ndi France, Kutuzov ndi Napoleon, magulu awiri ankhondo a mitundu iwiri. Mmodzi yekha - "wakale Russian Giant" - zikusonyeza mphamvu zonse ndi osakayika chifuniro cha anthu Russian, ndi zina - "atatu sabata mtima wa thundu" - motsimikiza ndi kulimbika mtima mwa Napoleonic amakhulupirira kuti potenga Moscow, iye apambane.

Russian Vityaz mwamtheradi bata, ngati iye ankadziwa kuti sanataye. Chimphona wachiwiri ndi mu maloto a chigonjetso chachikulu, malingaliro ake ndimitambo kupambana bylymi. Mu ichi tikuona kupusa kwa izo, ndipo ngakhale kulimba, ngakhale iye anali wolimba, wolimba mtima, wamphamvu. Lermontov nkhondo inali chabe maganizo: a ku France odzikuza. Choncho, ndakatuloyi ndipo sanasonyezedwe kulimbana, chifukwa izo zikhoza kukhala ndi kukhala.

"Borodino"

Kusanthula ndi ntchito za Lermontov a nkhondo, n'kosatheka kunena mawu ochepa za ndakatulo wotchuka wolemba ndakatulo - "Borodino", wolembedwa mu 1837, mu chikumbutso makumi awiri ndi lachisanu la nkhondo la 1812.

Mu sukulu, tinaphunzira ndi mtima mizere ya moto. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mabuku a nkhondo limafotokoza mawu a wamba msilikali zida zankhondo. "M'munda wa Borodin a" Lermontov kale anayesera kumusonyeza ngati gulu kumenya nkhondo, koma ali "Borodino" Iye ankagwiritsa moona epic chithunzi: zotsatira za nkhondo amadalira kwathunthu pa zochita za anthu, mgwirizano ndi cohesion. asilikali anali okonzeka ndi miyoyo yawo apambane, "kotero ife tiima mutu kwa kwawo."

The ngwazi za "Borodino" kosavuta "otchuka" kuposa zimene zinawonongedwa chikondi. Lermontov kupyolera mawu Mabaibulo kuti tionetseni zamaganizo a ngwazi za, pankhondo wamba, "maso lotseguka", "m'mawa anayatsa Cannon", "chachikulu bokosi". Lermontov analemba kuti "Borodino" lagona pa mfundo. nthawi iyi, iye anapereka wolemba nthano, recreating chithunzi cha nkhondo ya magwero odalirika. Ngakhale pang'ono, "Borodino" linali ndakatulo lonse za nkhondo Napoleonic.

Caucasus nkhondo

Mutu wa nkhondo Lermontov n'zokayikitsa mokwanira yokutidwa popanda kutchula Caucasus. Iye ali ndi malo apadera mu mtima a mlakatuli Ndi. Apa iye ankakhala poyamba anagwa mchikondi, kumenyana, ndipo anafa.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Caucasus, Lermontov anadza mwana wa umodzi, pamene agogo anga Elizabeth Arsenyev anabweretsa Iye yakuwachiritsa iwo. Mu zaka khumi ndi ndakatulo achinyamata kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti ali zozama za chikondi, amene anakumbukira kwa moyo wake wonse.

Mu 1837, Lermontov samveka, anadabwa ndi uthenga mwadzidzidzi imfa ya Pushkin, analemba ndakatulo "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi." Mwadzidzidzi anatchuka, koma pamodzi ndi kutchuka ndi alandira umboni wa Caucasus. Komabe, chifukwa cha khama la agogo anga umayambira miyezi yochepa.

Mu 1840, patapita duel ndi Ernest Barant, Lermontov kamodzinso anatumizidwa ku Caucasus. Ulalo chachiwiri ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi woyamba, umene unali ngati ulendo mwa wowoneka bwino. nthawi iyi Nicholas poyamba paja kuti nkhondo anatenga gawo ndi Lermontov. The nkhondo Caucasus mu zaka itakula kugalukira mapiri.

Nkhondo, wolemba ndakatulo ndipo adadziwa monga wankhondo wolimba ozizira. Iye sanatero mantha akuphedwa, kotero ine kukwera malo pafupi kumene adani ali. Amadziwika kuti mapiri okha wolemekezeka ndakatulo ya mosaopa. M'pofunikanso kukhulupirira kuti Caucasus unakhazikitsidwa Lermontov mtima kwa nkhondo.

Wolemba ndakatulo utoto kuyambira ali mwana. Nthawi zambiri zojambula za anasonyeza Caucasus, mitunda yake kwabasi, nkhondo limene nawo. Ndiyamika zithunzi izi, tingaphunzire zambiri zokhudza nkhondo anakumana ndi Lermontov. Ndakatulo anagunda kukongola kwa mapiri atali, miyambo ndi zikhalidwe za anthu a kumeneko. M'malo mwake, zimachokera pano ndi zokongola mabuku Lermontov.

"Valerik"

Pa kutchula Caucasus nkhondo mutu ntchito za Lermontov kudzadza ndi ntchito yatsopano. Mmodzi wa iwo anali ndakatulo "Valerik". Kutenga mbali mu nkhondo usilikali, Lermontov anatsogolera magazini, amene anapanga maziko a "Valerik". ndakatuloyi chikutchedwa kwa mtsinje umene madzi ake akuyenda mu Caucasus. Poyerekeza "Valerik" ndi nkhani ya chipika, mukhoza kuona kuti agwirizane mfundo osati, komanso kalembedwe kulemba, ndipo ngakhale mizere lonse.

Chiyambi cha ndakatuloyi - chikondi kalata wopita kwa Barbara Lopukhina maganizo umene ndakatulo anagwira kudzera kwa zaka zambiri. Koma pakati mitembo zikuoneka kuti amamukonda zachibwana. Komanso amadziwa kuti wokondedwa Sakonda iye, ndipo potsiriza iye ali wokonzeka kunena tiwonana kwa iye. Kufotokozera nkhondo kofunikira komanso koyenera choncho, kuti asonyeze ugliness zonse, nkhondo yoopsa, ndi tanthauzo.

Pomaliza

Mutu wa nkhondo Lermontov umadutsa ntchito zake zonse. Kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 Chaka, ndi Decembrists 'kugalukira, nkhondo Caucasus - nthawi zovuta unagwera pa anthu ndi zaka 27 amene ankakhala Lermontov. nkhondo ndakatulo kunja kwa cholembera chake n'zosadabwitsa "otchuka" kukonda dziko lako ndi chimene moyo. Wolemba ndakatulo watikomera mphamvu, kulimba mtima, kulimba mtima, mphamvu za anthu Russian, makhalidwe onse amene sanali mlendo kwa iye.