Magawo mitosis: makhalidwe awo. Meaning kuimira mitotic selo

Selo mkombero - nthawi kuchokera wina magawano selo kwa lotsatira. Izo zikuchitika mu magawo awiri motsatizana - interphase ndi kupatukana yoyenera. Kutalika kwa ndondomekoyi chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa maselo.

Interphase ndi nthawi pakati pa magulu selo awiri, nthawi kuchokera gulu lomaliza kuti selo imfa kapena Amalephera kugawikana.

Mu nthawi imeneyi, selo limakula ndi amawonjezera DNA ake, komanso mitochondria ndi plastids. Mu interphase akudutsa mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe , ndi mankhwala ena organic. The ndondomeko kwambiri intensively kaphatikizidwe zikusonyezedwa kaphatikizidwe interphase. Panthawi imeneyi, awiri chromatids nyukiliya, awasungira mphamvu zimene ntchito pa magawano. Komanso, ambiri organelles selo ndi centrioles.

Interphase ali pafupifupi 90% ya mkombero selo. Pambuyo chitadutsa mitosis, imene ili njira chachikulu cha kugawikana kwa maselo eukaryotic (zamoyo amene maselo muli phata anapanga).

Pa mitosis, ndi DNA Zachepetsedwa ndipo anapanga zida wapadera, zomwe ndi udindo yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kwa uthengawu ku maselo pakati pa maselo amene anapanga ndi ndondomeko imeneyi.

Cell magawano chikuchitika mu magawo angapo. siteji mitotic yodziwika ndi makhalidwe munthu ndi nthawi zina.

Magawo mitosis

Pamene maselo kukumana mitosis lolingana mbali ya mitosis: prophase, metaphase pambuyo zimakhalira, anaphase, telophase komaliza.

mitotic gawo yodziwika ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• prophase - kutha envelopu nyukiliya. Mu gawo ili, centrioles mogwirizana ndi mitengo yonyamulira ya selo ndi DNA Zachepetsedwa (tikaumbike);
• metaphase - Gwiritsani yodziwika DNA maximally ting'onoting'ono basi amene wapangidwa chromatids awiri pa equator (pakati) selo. zodabwitsazi wotchedwa mbale metaphase. N'zotheka kufufuza DNA pansi maso ndi bwino wasonyeza. Mu metaphase wa mitosis zimachitika komanso angagwirizanitse kumalekezero a ulusi spindle kuti centromeres DNA kumalekezero ena - kuti centrioles lapansi.
• anaphase - asonyeza ndi kulekana kwa DNA chromatids ndi (iwo kumwazikana kwa mizati osiyana). Choncho chromatids kukhala DNA osiyana, zomwe zigwirizana chimodzi chokha chromatid ulusi;
• telophase - yodziwika decondensation DNA ndi mapangidwe iliyonse khromozomu kwa envelopu zatsopano za nyukiliya. filament spindle kutha mu phata kuoneka nucleoli. Mu telophase ndi cytokinesis mipita, omwe ndi gulu la cytoplasm pakati pa maselo mwana wamkazi. Zimenezi ikuchitika nyama chifukwa wapadera pogawanikana pamawere mzere (m'chiuno, lomwe limapanga malire selo awiri). Mu chomera maselo cytokinesis ndondomeko selo mbale kupatsidwa kwa Golgi zovuta.

Kodi tanthauzo zamoyo ndondomeko mitosis chiyani?

Magawo mitosis atsogolere kukopedwa molondola uthengawu ku maselo maselo mwana, kaya chiwerengero cha magulu. Choncho aliyense wa iwo alandira chromatid chimodzi chimene chimapangitsa kukhala kugwirizana chiwerengero DNA maselo onse amene popangidwa ndi kugawa. Imakhala kufala kwa mitosis zisathe ya chuma chibadwa.