The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo: mapazi a nkhondo

The Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, njira kuti ife m'nkhani ino - ndi imodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri mayesero mbiriyakale kuti amagwera pa Ukrainians, Russia, Belarusians ndi anthu ena okhala mu Soviet Union. Masiku 1.418 usana ndi usiku kunthawi kukhalabe mbiri nthawi zambiri wamagazi ndi wankhanza.

Magawo waukulu Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Periodization wa zochitika Wachiwiri World nkhondo zikhoza kupangidwa potengera chikhalidwe cha zinachitika pa kutsogolo. Mu nthawi zosiyana za nkhondo, kanthu a magulu osiyana.
Magawo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, mbiri yakale kwambiri mfundo motere:

• kuchokera June 22 November 18, 1941 (fezi 1 Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo);
• 19 November 1941 mpaka mapeto a 1943 (fezi 2 Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo);
• kuchokera January 1944 mpaka May 1945 (3 siteji ya Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo).

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo: nthawi

Aliyense wa Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ali ndi makhalidwe ake, amene ikukhudzana m'madera a nkhondo, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano ya zida ndi ubwino wina wa makamu. Ndikufuna woyamba kulankhula za magawo a Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mwachidule.

• The koyamba gawo Kumenyana anali yodziwika ndi kuyamba zonse za asilikali Nazi. Panthawi imeneyi, asilikali a Hitler kwathunthu wotanganidwa Belarus, Ukraine, pafupifupi anafika Moscow. Asilikali Soviet, ndithudi, kwa luso lawo anavutika, koma nthawi anabwerera. Ikulu bwino Red Army pa nthawi imeneyo kunali kupambana kwa Moscow. Koma ambiri, nagonjetsa German anapitiriza. Anakhoza kutenga ambiri a Caucasus, yatsikira pafupifupi malire masiku a Chechnya, Grozny koma analephera Nazi. nkhondo zofunika m'ma 1942 zinachitika pa Crimea kutsogolo. Gawo 1 itatha Nkhondo ya Stalingrad.
• Gawo lachiwiri la Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, Red Army anabweretsa mwayi. Pambuyo chigonjetso pa Stalingrad, gulu lankhondo la asilikali Paulo Soviet muli zinthu zabwino yomasulira zolawula. Kuswa wa kuzinga wa Leningrad, Nkhondo ya Kursk ndi kuukira ambiri pa amadzibisa onse pa nthawi momveka bwino kuti asilikali a Hitler adzakhala posapita nthawi kutaya nkhondo.
• Mu nthawi yomaliza ya nkhondo ya Red Army pa amanyansidwa anapitiriza. Kumenyana zinachitika kale pansi ku Ukraine ndi Belarus. Nthawiyi anali yodziwika ndi pasadakhale kusintha kwa zinthu Red Army kumadzulo ndi kulimbikira woopsa wa mdani. Ichi ndi gawo lotsiriza mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha mu kugonjetsa mdani.

Zimayambitsa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse la periodization alipo

Anaima pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, kapena m'malo chiyambi chake ndi mapeto chinali ndi zinthu zikuluzikulu, nkhondo, amene analowa mbiri ya dziko. Motalikitsa inali nthawi yoyamba nkhondo. The zifukwa motere:

• anadabwa kuukira ya mdaniyo;
• kuukira anasonkhanitsa asilikali patsogolo m'madera kwambiri anatambasula;
• mulibe zinthu zambiri za nkhondo asilikali Soviet;
• kupambana kwa asilikali German mu zipangizo luso.

Lekani kubwera kwa mdani kwathunthu analephera okha kumapeto kwa 1942. Chifukwa chachikulu kwa bwino Red Army mu nthawi yachiwiri ya nkhondo tinganene kuti:

• ndi ungwazi wa asilikali Soviet;
• chapamwamba mwa Red Army nambala ya mdaniyo;
• Chochititsa chidwi patsogolo Soviet asilikali mawu luso (zikamera wa akasinja latsopano ndi odana ndi ndege makhazikitsidwe, etc.).

Mbali yachitatu ya nkhondo komanso wautali. Kusiyana waukulu pakati pa 2 ndi magawo 3 ntchito asilikali motsutsa German mphamvu lopondereza ankaimira chakuti mu 1944, pamene panayambira cha nkhondoyi kufalitsa ku Russia ndi Ukraine ndi Belarus, amene kunachokera patsogolo kayendedwe kumadzulo. Chomaliza Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo zaka zopitirira chaka, chifukwa spacecraft anali kumasula lonse la Ukraine ndi Belarus, komanso maiko a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya.

nkhondo 1941

Mu 1941, udindo wa Soviet Union, monga kale anatsindika, kunali kovuta. Nthawi yoyamba ya oyenda ndi Moto mbali Nazi asilikali zowawa Belarus ndi Lithuania. June 22 anayamba motetezera Brest Linga. Nazi ankafuna kudali kumudzi izi mofulumira kuposa anapambana. masiku angapo kumenyana oopsa, ndi kudzipereka chomaliza cha Brest anatenga okha 20 July 1941. Komanso m'masiku amenewo Germany anali patsogolo motsogozedwa Siauliai ndi Grodno. N'chifukwa chake June 23-25, USSR asilikali anasamukira malangizo awa kwa tingalimbanirane.

Magawo loyamba la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mu 1941 anasonyeza kuti athane ndi mdani wopanda yonyamuka Red Army sindingakhoze. Anthu anali kumangotsatira wa Nazi! Kodi unali mthunzi mu miyezi ya nkhondo? Anapitirira ndi ndewu. Komanso, gulu lankhondo ndi achikomyunizimu kuti azipeza zinthu zikhale zovuta kwa mdani Kusokoneza zipangizo zofunikira kuti sangathe anasamutsidwa kuti malo otetezedwa. Amphamvu Army kukana anali kugwirizana ndi ayenera kuchoka mu kumbuyo ndi yofunika kwambiri pa ulimi wa dziko.

Pakati pa nkhondo yaikulu mu 1941 ndi Dziwani wa Kiev ntchito kumbuyo, chimene chinafika kwa July 7 September 26, ndi kumenyana Moscow (30 September 1941 - April 1942). Komanso yofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse anatumizidwa ku chitetezo cha Odessa ndi ungwazi wa a panyanjawa Soviet.

1942 mu mbiri World nkhondo II

Siteji yoyamba ya Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anasonyeza Hitler kuti asilikali Soviet kukunda izo sizingagwire bwino. Osati zopezeka miyoyo ya cholinga ake abwino kugwila Moscow pamaso yozizira 1941. Isanafike May 1942 anapita pa amanyansidwa ambiri a asilikali Soviet yomwe inayamba ndi December 1941 pafupi Moscow. Koma kuukira anaimitsidwa ndi Anazi pa Kharkov bridgehead, pamene gulu lalikulu la asilikali anali atazunguliridwa ndi walephera nkhondo.

Pambuyo pake, asilikali a German unkatchedwa mseru kotero kumbuyo kwa asilikali Soviet anali kukumbukira zimene kumbuyo. Hitler ankadziwa kuti kudzakhala kovuta kugwila Moscow, kotero kuwawa kwa mzinda anatumiza dzina lophiphiritsira Stalingrad.

Komanso yogwira amanyansidwa achifasizimu zachitika pa Crimea bridgehead. Kuteteza Sevastopol chinakhalapo mpaka July 4, 1942. Kuchokera July kwa November zochita yogwira kumbuyo anatsogolera Red Army pa Stalingrad ndi Caucasus. Kuteteza Stalingrad analowa m'mbiri ya mbiri chitsanzo cha ungwazi ndipo invincibility wa asilikali Soviet. mzinda anawonongedwa kwathunthu yekha, anapulumuka nyumba yathu, koma Anazi sanathe kuti achitenge icho. 1 gawo la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo adagonja ndi SC pa Stalingrad ndi chiyambi cha nagonjetsa Soviet. Ngakhale ena Boma kupitirirabe chitetezo, koma munasintha mu nkhondo ndi kale pano.

Gawo lachiwiri la Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Nthawiyi inatenga pafupifupi chaka. Kumene, nayenso, panali mavuto ambiri mu 1943, koma mu pasadakhale ambiri a asilikali athu sanathenso kuleka. Nthawi dziko la Germany anapitirira mpaka nagonjetsa m'madera ena, koma Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, magawo, nkhondo limene ife tsopano tiganizire, anasamukira ku boma pamene zinaonekeratu kuti Germany zidza- kutaya nkhondo.

"Mphete" ntchito inatha pa February 2, 1943. Army la General Paulo anali atazunguliridwa. January 18 chaka chino, anatha potsiriza anagumula anatseka misewu ya Leningrad. Masiku awa, Red Army unkatchedwa tiponye malangizo a Voronezh ndi Kaluga. Voronezh anali retaken kwa mdani pa 25 January. Nagonjetsa anapitiriza. Mu February 1943, iye anali Voroshilovgrad zolawula. Pang'onopang'ono, Red Army amapita ku kumasulidwa kwa Ukraine, ngakhale onse a mumzindawo amaipidwa ndi Nazi. March 1943 kumasulidwa anakumbukira Vyazma ndi asilikali potsimikizira-amanyansidwa a Hitler mu Donbas. asilikali athu kenako athane ndi kuukira, koma Nazi anakwanitsa penapake kutsitsa pasadakhale la asilikali Soviet mwakuya mu Ukraine. Kulimbana pa bridgehead imeneyi inatenga kuposa mwezi umodzi. Pambuyo pake, chamene kumenyana ndi kunditumiza ku Kuban chifukwa pantchito bwino pa West ayenera kumasulidwa ku mdani m'dera Krasnodar ndi Stavropol zigawo. nkhondo yogwira m'dera limeneli anali pafupifupi miyezi itatu. amanyansidwa anali kumva ndi moyandikana pa mapiri ndi kuchita ndege mdani.

Theka lachiwiri la 1943

Mu mbiri ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World mu July 1943 yaima. Nthawi imeneyi, panali 2 zochitika zofunika kwambiri. nzeru German linamveka za nagonjetsa yayandikirayo. akuluakulu a asilikali Soviet. Koma sankadziwika kwenikweni kumene izo adzaukira. Inde, Soviet akuluakulu mkulu wa asilikali anadziwa kuti azondi German kugwira ntchito mu nyumba zambiri spacecraft (komanso Soviet ku Germany), kotero lololedwa mu njira zolakwika. July 5 nkhondo ya Kursk. Nazi ankaganiza kuti ndi kupambana nkhondo imeneyi, iwo kachiwiri tingalimbanirane ndi. Inde, iwo zinkandivuta kusuntha, koma ambiri, nkhondo si anapambana, kotero mu masiku 20 July 1943 gawo lachiwiri la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo inkafika pa chimake khalidwe. Ndipo kodi chochitika chiwiri kofunikira? Musaiwale wina nkhondo ku Prokhorovka? Pa munda pafupi m'mudzi uwu ndinkakhala nalo yaikulu konse ku nthawi thanki nkhondo kuti zinachoka kwa Soviet Union.

Kuyambira August 1943 mpaka yozizira ya 1943/1944 ndi. The Red Army amamasula mzinda makamaka Chiyukireniya. zovuta kuti akunde mdani m'dera Kharkov, koma M'mawa wa pa August 23, 1943 Soviet asilikali anatha kulowa mu mzinda. Ndipo kenako ndinapita ku mndandanda wa osaphatikizidwamo Chiyukireniya mizinda. Mu September 1943, spacecraft analowa Donetsk, Poltava, Kremenchug, Sumy. Mu October asilikali athu anamasula Dnipropetrovsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Melitopol ndi midzi ina yowazungulira.

Nkhondo Kyiv

Kiev unali umodzi mwa mizinda angapo pamalo abwino zofunika USSR. anthu a mumzindawo kuti nkhondo anabwera 1 miliyoni. Man. M'zaka za Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, iwo anatsika ndi kasanu. Koma tsopano chinthu chachikulu. Red Army nthawi yaitali kukonza adani a Kiev, chifukwa mzinda uwu chinali chofunika kwambiri Anazi komanso. Pakuti adani a Kiev anali kuwoloka Dnieper. Nkhondo mtsinje, ndi chizindikiro cha Ukraine, anayamba September 22. Kukakamiza mipita kwambiri kwambiri, asilikali ambili anafa. Mu October, lamulo anakonza kuti ayesere kutenga Kiev. Kwambiri yabwino Bukrinsky uyu anali ankamasulira. Koma mapulani izi zinadziwika kwa Germany, kotero iwo anaponya mphamvu ndithu pano. Kiev kutenga Bukrin bridgehead anakhala zosatheka. nzeru zathu walandira ntchito kupeza malo ena oti kuukira adani. Kunapezeka kuti kwambiri mulingo woyenera Lyutezhsky kufalikira, koma kuponya asilikali anali mwaukadaulo zovuta. Chifukwa Kiev amayenera kutenga tsiku lotsatira wa November 7, lamulo la Nkhondo ya Kiev waganiza kutaya asilikali ake kuchokera Bukrin pa Lyutezhsky kufalikira. Kwenikweni dongosolo izi sanakhulupirire chilichonse chifukwa ndinali mosadziwa mdani, pansi usiku awiri kuwoloka Dnieper ndi kuyendetsa mtunda wautali pa dziko. Ndithudi, kwambiri zomvetsa anavutika spacecraft, koma m'njira yosiyana kutenga Kiev kunali kosatheka. Maphunzirowa atsogoleri Soviet asilikali bwino. Red Army anakwanitsa kufika ku Kiev m'mawa November 6, 1943. Ndipo Nkhondo kwa Dnieper kumabungwe ena kutsogolo chinatenga pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka. Ndi KA tidzapambana pa nkhondo imeneyi ya gawo loyamba la Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

The nkhondo mu 1944- 1945 biennium.

Chomaliza Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo inayamba ndi Kirovograd zolawula. January 8 Kirovograd mzinda anamasulidwa. Komanso mu January, magulu Soviet bwinobwino anachititsa tiponye Korsun-Shevchenko chigawo (Cherkasy m'dera la Ukraine), komanso ukapolo pafupifupi kwathunthu Kiev ndi Zhitomir dera.

Mapeto a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anapanga zotheka chifukwa cha ungwazi mwa asilikali. Mu zoyambirira za 1944 linatulutsidwa pafupifupi buku lonse bwino-banki Ukraine ndi Crimea. Mapeto a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse zinali zodzaza ndi imodzi yaikulu mu zaka zonse akumenyana ndi isanayambike wa Red Army. Tikuyankhula zokhudza Proskurov-Bukovina ndi uman-botoşani mseru mpaka pamene mapeto a April 1944. Pafupifupi gawo lonse la Ukraine ndi kutsiriza ntchito izi wamasulidwa, kubwezeretsa kwa Republic pambuyo ankhondo yotopetsa.

Red Army mu nkhondo ya malire a USSR

The Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, njira yomwe ife tiganizire lero, akubwera ku mapeto ake ndi zomveka. Kuyambira April 1944, asilikali a Soviet pang'onopang'ono ayamba aithamangitse Anazi mu gawo la kuti pa chiyambi cha nkhondo zinali anzawo (mwachitsanzo Romania). Komanso Nkhondo yogwira zinachitika pa gawo Polish. Mu 1944 zochitika ambiri anali patsogolo wachiwiri. Pamene kugonjetsedwa Germany anakhala mosalephera, nkhondo zambiri zochitika ogwirizana wa USSR odana ndi Hitler mgwirizano. Nkhondo Greece, Sicily, pafupi Islands Mariana, ku Asia - iwo onse lolunjika pa athana Mgwirizano odana ndi Hitler polimbana Fascism.

3 magawo la Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo itatha May 9, 1945. Tsiku lomwelo, mitundu yonse ya Soviet Union kukondwerera holide chachikulu - Chigonjetso Tsiku.

Zotsatira za Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

The Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, lomwe magawo Kumenyana anali zomveka mwamtheradi, zinatha pafupifupi 4 zaka pambuyo pa chiyambi. Iye anali zambiri nkhanza wamagazi kuposa First World nkhondo, imene inatha mu 1918.

Zotsatira zake zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 3: zachuma, zandale ndi ethnographic. M'magawo amene anali wotanganidwa, anawononga kwambiri makampani. Mbali ya zomera komanso mafakitale anasamutsidwa ndi onse anabwerera. Kumbali ya malamulo zimasandulizidwadi dongosolo lonse la moyo mu dziko, zinalengedwa latsopano malire. Pang'onopang'ono apanga dongosolo latsopano chitetezo ku Ulaya ndi dziko lonse. Latsopano UN wakhala guarantor a chitetezo. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo, anthu ambiri anafa, kotero kunali koyenera kuti abwezeretse anthu.

Magawo waukulu Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ndipo panali atatu, anasonyeza kuti kupambana chotero dziko lalikulu monga Soviet Union, sikutheka. boma pang'ono ndi pang'ono akutulukira vuto, kuti amangenso. Mu njira zambiri, ayambe mofulumira ya chuma ya USSR chifukwa cha khama amunamuna a anthu.