The mitundu ikuluikulu kachitidwe masankho

Mu mabuku, mawu akuti "System zisankho" anafotokoza makhalidwe awiri. M'lingaliro yotakata, mawu akunena kwa abale chikhalidwe amene mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi chisankho ndi amapanga kuti awo. Iwo imatsatira malamulo oyendetsera dziko, komanso malamulo amene anakhazikitsa mabungwe onse. Yofunika kwambiri ndi ankaimba ndi chikhalidwe ndi miyambo, malamulo a makhalidwe ndale ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Kuonetsetsa zoyamba za dongosolo visankho: lonse, svobodovolnoe nawo chisankho ndi kufanana kwa anthu pa ndondomekoyi, voti kuvomerezedwa, kupikisana nawo mwayi wofanana onse ofuna, "chilungamo" ndi ntchito kukonzekera.

Choncho, pansi dongosolo chisankho mungamvetsetse limagwirira limene anapanga boma ndi wodzilamulira mu zigawo Russian. pochita zimenezi pang'ono mfundo yakuti: amodzi lawmaking matupi a dongosolo, ndilo mwachindunji ulamuliro kugwira ntchito ndi khalidwe la msonkhano chisankho; komanso ntchito za nzika za nyumba malamulo kapena ndale.

M'njira yopapatiza, dongosolo imatengedwa ngati anakonza zinthu malamulo a njira kukhazikitsa zotsatira za chisankho ndi kuonetsetsa mipando aphungu. Zimenezi zimadalira zotsatira za kukavota lapansi.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya kachitidwe masankho atsimikiziridwa, koposa zonse, mfundo za mapangidwe RGANI mphamvu. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, iwo Akutsutsana. Komabe, chifukwa zinachitikira zaka zakubadwa wa demokalase nthumwi mitundu ziwiri zazikulu anafotokozedwa: majoritarian ndi njila. Izi mitundu ya kachitidwe masankho, kapena m'malo zinthu zawo, ndi kupeza okha zitsanzo zina zosiyanasiyana.

dongosolo ambiri zachokera chifaniziro munthu m'boma. Choncho, udindo nthawi ndi nthawi atapereka munthu winawake ngati phungu. Pamene limagwirira kupitiriza angakhale osiyana: mitundu ina ya kachitidwe masankho kulola ofuna kudziletsa asankha Mwachitsanzo, anzanu onse, ndi ena amafuna kuti phungu kuthamanga okha ku zipani. Komabe, ndi bwino aliyense mphamvu ambiri a m'maboma kuganizira chikuchitika payenkha. Choncho waluso, wamkulu nzika, anadza kwa kafukufuku kuti kuvotera munthu makamaka ngati woima unit wa ndondomeko anafotokoza.

Childs, anthu a mitundu dongosolo chisankho, m'munsi mwa amene ali ambiri, imagwiridwa m'maboma udindo chisankho. chiwerengero cha aphungu zimadalira ikugwirira kuchuluka. Wopambana ndi ophunzira la ntchito ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba mavoti electors.

Dongosolo njila.

Bukuli lili ndi mfundo za chifaniziro cha zipani. Choncho, mu nkhani iyi, iwo kuika patsogolo mndandanda ena kwa ofuna voti akufuna. Mitundu kachitidwe masankho, chifukwa cha zomwe ndi njila kupereka voti kwa ndale kuti kuteteza zofuna za zigawo zina. Ikugwirira kuti anagawira mofanana malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mavoti oponyedwa (mu kuchuluka).

Malo akuluakulu omwe chipani anapambana, anthu kuzitenga izo kuchokera mu mndandanda yaitali ndipo malinga ndi zofunika olimba. Kawirikawiri malo oyamba ofuna 90 pa mndandanda chogwirizana.

dongosolo A wosanganiza

Kuyesa bwino ntchito mitundu ya kachitidwe loponya tafotokozazi zachititsa machitidwe losanganikirana. Kwenikweni awo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti chiwerengero cha akuluakulu osankhidwa ndi dongosolo ambiri, ndipo ena - pa njila. Motero, anthu oponya mavoti mwayi kuvotera onse phungu ndi chipani. dongosolo anamugwiritsa ntchito Russia pa chisankho ku State Duma wa woyamba convocations anayi.