The yaikulu kumtunda nyanza ya Europe ndi ku Asia. The yaikulu kumtunda nyanza ya dziko

Padziko lapansi pano ili nyanja miliyoni asanu. Iwo amakhala 1.8% ya malo okwana dziko. The yaikulu kumtunda nyanza ya dziko lotchedwa Nyanja Caspian. Ndi chidwi asayansi ndi alendo ochokera konsekonse mdziko.

malo Hrs

Funso lakuti "Kodi nyanja yaikulu Kudera," yankho angakhale osokoneza. Mwa njira akutchedwa Upper, Victoria, Huron, koma yankho lolondola zitha kukhala Caspian Nyanja, wotchedwa nyanja chifukwa cha chiyambi chake mbiri ndi makulidwe chiphona.

Nyanja ya Caspian lili Africa Eurasian pa mphambano ya mayiko awiri - Asia ndi ku Ulaya. Malo okwana posungira ndi 321 000 makilomita lalikulu. Kuwonjezera madzi, apa ndi chilumba (makilomita lalikulu 350) ndi chilumba. Yaikulu ya iwo - lino Uch-Ko (Dagestan), mphika-Karagan (Kazakhstan), Ashuradeh (Iran), Coeur dashi (Azerbaijan) ndi ena.

limati asanu ndi mwayi wonse kwa m'Nyanja ya Caspian. Ndi Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan ndi Turkmenistan. Gombe lalitali kwambiri za 2320 makilomita ndipo ali ndi gawo la Kazakhstan. Yerekezerani ndi Russian Federation mwanyanja wotsikitsitsa mwa mayiko onse - makilomita 695 okha.

Nyanja ndi kusiyana ndi malo ake otsika ndi kapangidwe yosalala. Malo omwe mukhoza kukumana kukwezedwa ili kumadzulo. Pali ndithu gombe kumulowetsa.

The yaikulu kumtunda nyanja alibe mogwirizana ndi nyanja, ngakhale izo zimayendera 130 mitsinje. Yaikulu ya iwo - ndi Russian Volga.

Mu nyanjayi kum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Caspian ili Salt Lake Garabogazköl, amene anali m'madziwo lagoon ndi khwalala wamng'ono mpaka 1980. Kenako anamanga khoma ndi khoma, koma nyanja inali youma mwamsanga ndipo anabwerera ku malo a Khwalala.

Cities monga Baku, Turkmenbashi (Krasnovodsk), Avaz, Aktau, Derbent chobisa pa m'mphepete mwake, yaikulu kumtunda nyanza ya Europe ndi ku Asia.

physiography

Voliyumu ya Nyanja ya Caspian ndi 44% ya nkhokwe ya madzi m'nyanja padziko lonse. Malo zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi madzi, amene amasintha pafupipafupi, koma pafupifupi 321 000 makilomita lalikulu.

Kuya kwa Caspian kwambiri m'goli. Mu kumpoto dziwe ndi losaya kwambiri, ndi kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi pa mamita anayi okha. Koma pali komanso South Caspian beseni mfundo wotsikitsitsa lomwe lili padziko 1025 meters.

Madzi kutentha komanso zimasiyanasiyana ndipo zimadalira malo. Nthawi kutentha kwambiri kwa Nyanja ya Caspian amabwera mu August, pamene mtembo wa madzi ndi mkangano kwa 26 ° C. Komabe, kum'mwera ndi nthaka osaya ndi kukula kwa 32 ° C.

Nyanja yaikulu ndi malo - mchere. Koma lili ndi kulunjika kuti amalola madzi kukhala osiyana mu zikuchokera ku nyanja. Kwenikweni, ndi chifukwa runoff chokhala. Mitsinje kubwera nawo yambiri ya Caspian kashiamu carbonates ndi sulphates. ukuwonjezeka amenewa mlingo m'kamwa wa Volga kum'mwera-kum'mawa.

pansi zimachititsa chilumbachi ukugawa Northern, Middle ndi Kumwera ya Caspian ntchito pamakomo (Mangyshlak, Absheron). Izi zili choncho makamaka silty pamwamba, mchenga chipolopolo ndi maziko olimba m'madera ena (kuya).

The nyengo ya Nyanja ya Caspian anatsimikiza mabacteria chokhala ndi kotentha ndi subtropical. Choncho, kutentha wotsikitsitsa dera anaima pa mozungulira - 8 ° C, wapamwamba + 26 ° C. Komanso analembedwa mbiri yoyambirira ya + 44 ° C kum'mwera kwa nyanja.

dziko nyama

Dera lalikulu la Dziko Lapansili nyanja poyerekeza amatunga ena alibe wolemera mitundu, amene pali 1800. Pa abale amenewa, mitundu 101 yokha limabweretsa nsomba. Nyanja ya Caspian ndi malo a malonda nsomba wapatali, kuphatikizapo Nsombazi. Ngakhale Nyanja Caspian akuti ndi nyanja osaya ndi anthu ake ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Choncho, nsomba Beluga kufika kutalika mamita 4.

The yaikulu kumtunda nyanza ya Europe ndi ku Asia n'kopanda ku nyanja dziko, kotero kudzakhala naye mmene mollusks nyanja, modabwitsa, ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, ndi zina zotero. N. Koma ndi kunyumba kwa Caspian chidindo (chidindo), umene uli pafupi kutha. Zima izo amayembekeza ayezi wa North Caspian Nyanja, ndi m'chilimwe akhoza ayambe ulendo wopita ku malire chapamwamba wa Volga ndi Urals.

masamba dziko

Total 728 mitundu ya zomera, amakhala ndi ya Caspian. Maziko a algae ndi timayandama.

Caspian masamba dziko kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chake osaya madzi. Kuyambira maluwa kukula pali nthumwi ziwiri zokha. Iwo Zostera ndi Rupp. Chachiwiri dzina Zostera - nyanja udzu. Iwo osatha ndi yaitali masamba yowala mtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa amaoneka ngati khutu.

Rupp amakonda madzi brackish, kotero madzi si anakumana. Ndi maonekedwe ake zomera akufanana proliferating pomwepo kenaka. Pamwamba pa madzi imapezeka pa maluwa, m'malo ena a enawo pansi. Rupp zimafalitsidwa vegetatively, ndi nsomba ndi mbalame kudya zipatso zake.

Choncho, yaikulu kumtunda nyanza ya dziko wolemera nyama ndi zomera. anthu makamaka ang'onoang'ono zogwirizana ndi ntchito zachuma a anthu ndi ambiri zinthu zachilengedwe derali.

zachilengedwe

M'dera waukulu wa nyanza ali nkhokwe yaikulu ya mafuta ndi gasi. Zoyesayesa woyamba pa migodi a kutali 1820. Zinali ndiye kuti bwino woyamba mokhomerera pa gombe la Baku.

Kale theka patapita zaka panali mafuta zedi malonda. Pakali pano, nkhokwe mafuta mu Nyanja ya Caspian Akuti pa matani mamiliyoni khumi.

Kuwonjezera ochititsa awiriwa golide, Caspian amauza salt kufufuza ake, dongo, mchenga ndi miyala ya laimu.

Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa umathandizanso matope ndi mchere m'Nyanja ya Caspian anakhala achire zosangalatsa m'deralo. Komabe, yafalikira okha Azerbaijan. Iran ndi Turkmenistan ali penapake olekanitsidwa malonda alendo. A mpikisano kwambiri mu Russian Black Sea gombe.

Yaikulu m'dera nyanja amakopa chidwi cha anglers. Apa izo ncho pafupifupi 90% ya nsomba dziko la Nsombazi. Nthawi zambiri bongo.

chitetezo Environmental

mavuto a zachilengedwe anakumana ndi dera lino kuyambira chiyambi cha mafuta kupanga. Kuboola chuma mayendedwe ndi zambiri kuopsezedwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwa malo m'madzi ndi kusintha kwake tsankho.

Mu November 2003, ndi Caspian limati anasaina M'chilamulo Convention, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kuteteza ya Caspian, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kuwunika chuma kwachilengedwenso.

A vuto makamaka ndi poaching, omwe amachepetsa mlingo wa nsomba ndi zisindikizo ndi limalola zonse yovomerezeka nyama.