Tribune ya anthu. Chiyambi ndi ntchito

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti masiku ano andale ndi malamulo a mayiko ambiri European zimamangidwa pa mtundu wakale wa Chiroma. Malamulo a Aroma anakhala maziko a Romance chimango malamulo - otchedwa ufulu nepretsedentnogo nawo theka wabwino wa mphamvu ano, kuphatikizapo Russia. chimango mlanduwu ali motere: choyamba, lamulo, ndiye chitsanzo. Kuti ndi zinthu sanatchulidwe chimango malamulo a boma, si mlandu. Pa lonse, Ancient Rome kunathandiza yaikulu m'dziko lathu. Tengani Latin chomwecho, yofanana enieni ndiwo ambiri Western zilankhulo za ku Ulaya. Komabe, lero tidzakambirana pang'ono za chodabwitsa zina imene yagwa kuti ife yakale mu mawonekedwe penapake kusinthidwa. Ndipo dzina lake - ndi Tribune. Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za izo.

ndi Tribune ya anthu chiyani?

Ngakhale kuti Rome woyamba ankalamulidwa ndi mafumu, ndiye nthumwi - diktratory enieni, ndiyeno kumanga ndi chiyani linasinthidwa Imperial, mu dongosolo la ndale la Roma nthawizonse azipereka mchitidwe demokalase.

Tribune wa anthu - izo ndi kusankidwa malo mwa plebeians lapansi. Iye ankachita nawo chitetezo ndi zothandizira mipingo yawo ya akuponderezedwa. Mawu Latin, amene Tribune otchedwa mphamvu yake - sacrosancta potestas, kutanthauza "mphamvu analandira kuyeretsedwa wauzimu."

Nkhani ya udindo uwu amabwerera wakale patricians nkhondo - wana wa mafumu woyamba wa Roma - ndi plebeians, kumodzi .. Anthu a Rome. Poyamba, mu Senate anali patricians yekha, plebeians analibe mwayi wosankhidwa kuti ndi zoona mu malo a kalasi m'munsi. Komabe, ngakhale lamulo, anthu ena anthu wamba anatha kupeza chuma kotero kuti waposa (za chuma) apamwamba, potero kuwonjezeka kukopa kwake mu mabwalo lolemera. Nthawizina Rome zachiwawa plebeian itayamba, amene kunathandiza ovulala misa, komanso nthawi ya kuchepa zachuma chifukwa anawonongera anachititsa pa chiwembu cha.

Mu Rome panali Tribune ya anthu?

Pofuna kuteteza zonse mwazi kuthamanga plebeian Senate alimi anakakamizika kukhazikitsa malo Tribune ya anthu, zosankhidwa "plebeians plebeians." Izi yathandiza yaikulu dongosolo lonse, lonse wakale Rome. The Tribune akhoza veto zochita za Senate, amene, mu maganizo ake, kungapondereze ndi plebeians, anali ndi udindo woweruza anthu amene mukunyoza ulemu ndi ulemerero wa anthu wamba, koma analinso inviolability munthu. Choncho, nthawi zina magulu a dera plebeian mwa mayiko amenewa mu Senate, lobbied chisankho zigawo aone kuti pali Komabe, kenako Tribune ya anthu alibe unatha. Iye anakhala m'zochitika za anthu wamba: osauka, anthu wamba, ndi amisiri opata, kaya anachokera. Mawu Latin, amene Tribune ankadziwika mwa makasitomala ake - patronum, kutanthauza "mtetezi." Chisankho malo anatenga mbali ziwiri: woyamba, aliyense curiata comitia anasankha phungu awo, ndiyeno ntchito ya anasankhidwa pa tributa comitia.

Modern bungwe chikhalidwe analankhula owayang'anira

Mfundo limene Tribune ya anthu ntchito nthawi yathu ophatikizidwa mu mabungwe yapachiweniweni ufulu wa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo ku Russia, pali Commissioner mderali - yomva madandaulo amene maudindo monga chitetezo ndiponso kuwunika ufulu wa anthu ndi boma. Kotero iye amachita zimene anachita mu nthawi yake Tribune ya anthu. Komabe, mphamvu za milandu amakono kwambiri udzachepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi chithunzi Roma: sakhoza veto, sasangalala chitetezo chokwanira ndipo alibe ufulu mongoganiza malamulo. Ntchito yake yekha - kulamulira maulamuliro onse ndi, zinachitikira kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu, ndi mwambo wa mlanduwu, ndiye otchedwa kanthu milandu. Lamulo la milandu kosamugonjera iliyonse ya nthambi za mphamvu: ngakhale malamulo kapena wamkulu kapena milandu.

Tikukhulupirira mwaphunzira zambiri zatsopano ndiponso zosangalatsa, ndipo zimenezi zinali zothandiza kwa inu.