Turboprop injini: chipangizo, dera ntchito mfundo. injini kupanga turboprop ku Russia

Engine turboprop ngati pisitoni; ndipo ndi zina ndi tinakwera. Koma mwinamwake ali osiyana. Taganizirani zimene zimapanga wagawo izi, mmene ntchito, ndi ubwino wake ndi kuipa zomwe.

makhalidwe General

Turboprop injini ali wa gulu la turbines gasi amene cholinga monga transducers mphamvu chonse ndipo akhala ankagwiritsa ntchito mu ndege. Iwo zigwirizana wa injini kutentha, mmene mipweya kukodzedwa atembenuza chopangira mphamvu ndi kupanga makokedwe, ndi kutsinde kwake Ufumuyo mayunitsi ena. injini amaperekedwa ndi turboprop tinakwera.

Ndi mtanda pakati pa pisitoni ndi Turbo mayunitsi. Choyamba, anaika injini ndege pisitoni, wopangidwa mwa yamphamvu ndi nyenyezi woboola pakati anakonza mkati m'dzenjewo. Koma chifukwa chakuti iwo anali kukula kwambiri ndi kulemera, komanso kuthekera liwiro otsika, salinso ntchito, kupereka mmalo anaonekera zoikamo turbojet. Koma injini awa sanali popanda zovuta. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi liwiro supersonic, koma amadya kwambiri a mafuta. Choncho ntchito zawo zodula zoyendera anthu.

Engine turboprop kupirira chotero sangathe. Ndipo vuto wakhala kuthetsedwa. Yomanga ndi ntchito unatengedwa kuchokera limagwirira olimbana turbojet, ndi pisitoni - injini. Motero linakhala zotheka kuphatikiza kukula yaing'ono, mtengo ndi mkulu Mwachangu.

injini anali anatulukira ndipo anamanga kumbuyo mu mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo ku Soviet Union, ndipo zaka makumi awiri kenako, anayamba kuŵeta. Mphamvu zosiyanasiyana kuchokera 1880 kuti 11000 kW. The nthawi yaitali iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito pankhondo yachiweniweni ndege. Komabe, supersonic liwiro, iwo sanali oyenera. Choncho, mkubwela maofesi amenewa mu Air Force anakana. Koma ndege wamba makamaka umaperekedwa ndi iwo.

Zida turboprop injini ndi mfundo zake ntchito

mota mamangidwe lophweka. Pamafunikanso:

• reducer;
• tinakwera;
• m'chipinda kuyaka;
• ndi kompresa;
• nozzle.

Chiwembu turboprop motere: pambuyo jekeseni ndi psinjika za mlengalenga ndi kompresa umalowa chipinda kuyaka. Thereto anali jekeseni mafuta. The osakaniza chotsatira ndi akayaka ndi kutitengera mpweya akulowamo chopangira mphamvu patsogolo ndi atembenuza, ndipo nawonso, imazungulira pa kompresa ndi wononga. mphamvu Unspent akatulutsidwa kudzera nozzle ndi kupanga zotakasika adaponya. Chifukwa mtengo wake ndi wofunika kwambiri (peresenti khumi), si ankaona turbojet turboprop.

Mfundo ntchito ndi mamangidwe Komabe, omwe akufanana nawo, koma mphamvu si kwathunthu mwa nozzle, ndi kupanga makokedwe anachita dzanja, koma pang'ono chabe, monga mphamvu zothandiza ndi kuzungulira ndi wononga.

kutsinde opaleshoni

Pali injini ndi mikondo imodzi kapena ziwiri. The osakwatiwa-kutsinde zosinthika ali pa kutsinde wina ndi kompresa ndi chopangira mphamvu, ndi wononga. Mu awiri kutsinde - mmodzi wa iwo wokwera chopangira mphamvu ndi kompresa, ndi pa zina - ndi wononga mwa zida kuchepetsa. Apa pali turbines ziwiri zolumikizana wina njira ina gasi zazikulu. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi wononga, ndi ena - chifukwa kompresa lapansi. Chotero chimake ndi ndi ambiri, kuyambira mphamvu ingagwiritsidwe popanda zomangira. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri makamaka pamene ndege ali pansi.

kompresa

gawo tichipeza magawo awiri sikisi, kulola kuzindikira kusintha kwambiri kutentha ndi kuthamanga, komanso kuchepetsa liwiro la. Ndi mamangidwe, likukhalira kuchepetsa kulemera ndi kukula, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri kwa injini ndege. kompresa kumaphatikizapo impellers ndi kalozera vanes. Pa yotsirizira zingakhalepo kapena ayi anapereka lamulo.

tinakwera

Ndiyamika mfundo aumbike adaponya, koma liwiro ndi zochepa. Amaona bwino chizindikiro cha mlingo wa 750 kwa 1500 rpm, kuyambira kuwonjezeka Mwachangu iyamba kugwera ndi kumwazikana wononga m'malo n'kukhala ananyema a. Chodabwitsa amatchedwa "zotsatira za kutseka." Iwo amayamba ndi masamba wononga yomwe imathamanga mkulu kasinthasintha, kupyoza pa liwiro la phokoso, imayamba kugwira ncthito bwino. Zotsatira omwewo anaona ndi kuwonjezeka awiri awo.

chopangira mphamvu

chopangira mphamvu amatha kukulitsa liwiro la kusintha kwa zikwi makumi awiri pa yokha, koma simungathe kagwere izo koyenera, kotero pano pali zida kuchepetsa kuti kumachepetsa liwiro ndi kuonjezera makokedwe. Gearboxes angakhale osiyana, koma ntchito yaikulu mosaganizira mtundu - m'mbuyo ndi kuonjezera nthawi.

Mkhalidwe umenewu zimasokoneza ntchito ya ndege turboprop asilikali. Komabe, chitukuko pa chilengedwe cha mota supersonic sasiya, osachepera pano ndipo sali bwino. Kusintha samatha zina zomangira ziwiri amaperekedwa ndi turboprop a. Mfundo ntchito pa nthawi yomweyo iwo anazindikira mwa onsewo mbali zosiyana, koma ndi zida limodzi.

Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani injini D-27 (Turbopropfan) ndi awiri helical zimakupiza Ufumuyo mfulu chopangira mphamvu gearbox. Izi ndi chitsanzo chabe cha kamangidwe ntchito mu ndege boma. Koma ntchito yake ndi moyo imatengedwa tumphatumpha kwambiri kusintha ntchito ya injini malipoti.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa

Ife kukuwonani kunja pluses ndi minuses amene yodziwika ntchito turboprop lapansi. ubwino ndi:

• kuwala kulemera poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi ndi pisitoni;
• Mwachangu poyerekezera ndi injini turbojet (chifukwa Mwachangu tinakwera ukufika peresenti eyite sikisi).

Komabe, ngakhale ubwino wakuti, injini ndege, zina zambiri bwino. Turboprop injini liwiro ndi makilomita mazana asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu pa ora. Komabe, chifukwa ndege zamakono la ochepa kwambiri. Komanso, phokoso kwaiye ndi lalitali kwambiri choposa mfundo kololeka wa bungwe la International Civil Aviation Organization.

Choncho, kupanga injini turboprop mu Russia ndi zochepa. Kwenikweni, amene anaika mu ndege kuti kuuluka maulendo ataliatali ndipo pa liwiro otsika. Ndiye ntchito ndi wolungamitsidwa.

Komabe, mu ndege asilikali, kumene makhalidwe chachikulu chofunika la ndegeyo ndi maneuverability mkulu ndi ntchito chete, osati dzuwa, injini izi akwaniritsa zofunikira zofunika ndi turbojet mayunitsi ntchito pano.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ife mowirikiza akupangidwa kulenga zomangira supersonic kugonjetsa "kutsekereza zotsatira" ndi kufika mlingo watsopano. Mwina, pamene Kutulukira ndi likwaniritsidwe, kuchokera injini ndege amakana turboprops ndi ndege zankhondo. Koma pakadali iwo angakhoze kokha monga "workhorses" anafotokoza si amphamvu kwambiri, koma kugwira ntchito khola.