Udindo wa ya ndulu ku chimbudzi. Fotokozani ntchito ya ya ndulu ku chimbudzi

Tiyeni tinene, pamaso mumaika ntchito yotsatira: kufotokoza ya ndulu ntchito ku chimbudzi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, choyamba tiyenera kuphunzira amuzolengedwa kapangidwe kake, katundu ndi asilikali a ya ndulu zofunika chimbudzi moyenera zinthu organic amapanga chakudya. Nkhanizi adzayankhidwa m'nkhani ino.

ntchito secretory

Chiwindi ndi England waukulu kapepala kakuti m'mimba, chibadidwe nyama peresenti ndi munthu. Amakhala ndi maselo parenchymal, wotchedwa hepatocytes. A osakwatira kwa chiwindi selo uli mtima chimodzi kapena zingapo ndipo idzafotokoza awiri anafika mtima ndi biliary. Last chipani hepatocyte kukhudzana ndi sinusoids kuti kulandira magazi kuchokera mu mitsempha kwa chiwindi. gawo ili synthesizes shuga, mapuloteni, mavitamini ndi lipocomplexes.

Mbali ina ya hepatocyte analamula kwa ya ndulu capillary. Njirayi imatchedwa biliary. Amalima ya ndulu. Wasefukira ku capillary, ndi izo - mu ducts lapansi. Choncho, wathanzi chiwindi ya ndulu kwaiye hepatocyte mbali samalowa m'magazi, kuyambira biliary capillary ndi wosiyana thupi la kwa chiwindi maselo sinusoidal.

Tikumbukenso kuti hepatocytes yagawidwa kupanga zigawo, umene ya ndulu ducts mkati ndi kunja. Iwo kuphatikiza ndi mawonekedwe mbali ziwiri zazikulu - lamanzere ndi lamanja. Iwo atuluka Lobe chapakati chiwindi. Ndiyeno kuphatikiza kupanga ritsa wamba chimene chimafika ku chipata chake ndi vpadot mu ndulu ya. Choncho, chiwindi ndi chiwalo secreting ya ndulu. Matenda a ya ndulu, ndulu kapangidwe ndi ntchito tidzakambirana mwa ife mopitirira.

Chimene chimafuna amasulidwe ya ndulu?

Mankhwala amene amathandiza Mamatirani macromolecule zovuta zigawo organic chakudya, ya ndulu anafotokoza. Chili pa lipids pati, akatembenuka iwo kuchokera ku boma insoluble kupanga emulsion. Imene ya ndulu zidulo cholic - chenodeoxycholic ndi cholic - ndi zinthu padziko-yogwira. Iwo emulsify mafuta chakudya analandira kuchokera mmimba mu duodenum ndi, zomwe akuwaza awo anachita ndi michere ya kapamba - lipase.

The amuzolengedwa zikuchokera ya ndulu

Kudziwa kapangidwe ka zinthu structural wa lobes kwa chiwindi, mbali ya hepatocytes biliary, komanso zikuchokera amuzolengedwa, inu molondola pofotokoza ntchito ya ya ndulu ku chimbudzi. Gastroenterologists apezeka kuti chiwindi njira zovuta pulasitiki ikuyenda ndipo thupi mphamvu. Ya ndulu pawokha ndi madzi kapena kuwala maolivi bulauni. Lili 98% madzi, komanso inki, mafuta m'thupi, cholic asidi, lecithin, mavitamini ndi michere.

Taganizirani kapangidwe ndi makope zidulo ya ndulu. Iwo anapanga kuchokera mowa steroid - mafuta. Iye alinso mbali ya nembanemba selo. Mu hepatocytes mafuta ndi oxidized ndi kupanga yaikulu ya ndulu zidulo. Iwo akhoza mutate, kukhala sekondale: metaholevuyu ndi deoxycholic. Anthu nayenso, kupanga maofesi ndi monomers mapuloteni - taurine ndi glycine.

maofesi awa ndi zotakasika kwambiri ndipo zili mu madzi mu mawonekedwe a sodium wochuluka kapena potaziyamu salt. Ya ndulu inki - wina chigawo amuzolengedwa, waukulu umene ali bilirubin. Iwo aumbike mwa kuwonongedwa kwa hemoglobin amene amapezeka mu macrophages chiwindi - maselo Kupffer komanso ndulu ya. Lecithin - chigawo chimodzi cha ya ndulu. Amagwiritsidwanso aumbike mwa chiwindi ndi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kagayidwe zidulo mafuta ndi mafuta m'thupi kutsitsa mlingo wake. Iye amatenga gawo mu emulsification wa mafuta.

Kodi zimatha ya ndulu?

Popeza ankaphunzira zikuchokera mankhwala a secretions a chiwindi, akhoza molongosoka ntchito ka kuwonongedwa kwa organic nkhani ndi kuona ntchito yaikulu ya ya ndulu ku chimbudzi, amene ali osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, lili detergent acid zikuthandiza mafuta akuwaza mamolekyulu mubwatolo ang'onoang'ono. Ya ndulu amakhudza michere hydrolyze ndi chakudya mapuloteni: amylase ndi trypsin, kuwonjezeka katundu wawo othandizira. Mu enzyme chapamimba - pepsin - iwo ukuchita njira zosiyana, i.e. kumabwezera mmbuyo ntchito yake, imbaenda kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu pH wa nkhani chapamimba, kuyambira acidity kuchepa.

Kudzipatula ya ndulu timapitiriza njira mayamwidwe salt mchere, mavitamini A ndiponso D, komanso amino zidulo. Chinsinsi cha chiwindi nthawi galimoto ndi secretory ntchito za m'mimba yaing'ono. Ichi ndi udindo wa ya ndulu ku chimbudzi.

Zimagwirira wa ya ndulu ndi zholcheotdeleniya

Poyamba, taphunzira katundu wa katulutsidwe chiwindi opangidwa ndi mbali biliary wa hepatocytes. Ndipo ife tinapezanso kuti zikuchokera, zimatha ya ndulu ndi kufunika kwake ku chimbudzi ndi zogwirizana. zimagwirira akutsatiridwa onse dongosolo anthu mantha ndi njira humoral. ya ndulu mapangidwe kumatheka ngati yankho reflex kuti kukondoweza interoceptors makoma nembanemba mucous ya m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano, m'mimba, matumbo yaing'ono.

Ndulu: matabwa ake ndi udindo ku chimbudzi

Monga chiwalo akulu, izo ili pansipa m'mphepete m'munsi chiwindi. Iwo ali khosi, thupi ndi pansi. Mukakhala anatomically obosnuete limagwirira ntchito yake, ndiye inu mosavuta fotokozani ntchito ya ya ndulu ku chimbudzi. Iye nthawi zonse zimapezeka chiwindi ndi anamasulidwa mu duodenum basi mu nthawi kulowa mu Thupi chakudya. Pakati pa chakudya chinsinsi waikamo mu ndulu ya.

Matenda njira Kufufuza ya ndulu

Pakuti zochita yachibadwa kagayidwe kachakudya kapepala kakuti m'mimba amafuna zina zokhudza thupi ndi amuzolengedwa kwa chiwindi katulutsidwe. Inu physiologically wolungama fotokozani ntchito ya ya ndulu ku chimbudzi ngati magawo ake matenda n'zabwinobwino. Atsimikiza ndi ambiri fractional mmatumbo intubation.

Mu gawo loyamba la kuphunzira kachigawo woyambira anali wokonzeka. Iwo ayenera kuwala mtundu wachikasu ndi pH kuposa 7. yachiwiri ndi sphincter chatsekedwa wa Oddi chinsinsi kuoneka osiyana kafukufuku asapembedzere. Mu gawo lachitatu la kafukufuku amaudindo kukomoka wabwinobwino wa ya ndulu ali motere: buku - kuchokera ml ya 3 mpaka 5, Mtundu - kuwala bulauni. Gawo lachinayi kumatenga za ola. Mtundu kwa chiwindi katulutsidwe zimasiyanasiyana maolivi (vesical ya ndulu) mpaka chikasu-Amber. pH ake = 6.5-7.5 ndi osalimba ndi za - 1038. gawo lomaliza, Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa ya ndulu kwa chiwindi, amatenga mphindi 20. The kachulukidwe amachepetsa kwa 1011, pH = 7,5-8,2.

Zolakwika ku magawo pamwamba adzakhala zimasonyeza matenda pathological a chiwindi, ndulu kapena ducts. Mtundu ambiri matenda ndi mapangidwe miyala chikhodzodzo chifukwa kuchuluka kukhuthala madzimadzi, komanso kuphwanya contractile ntchito yake. Monga mukuonera, m'nkhani ino ife tayang'ananso ndipo anaphunzira chinsinsi chiwindi - ya ndulu, tanthauzo ndi ntchito yake mu njira ya chimbudzi.