Ugra - mtsinje Kaluga Region

Ugra - mtsinje likuyenderera mu Kaluga ndi Smolensk zigawo Russia. Ndi kumanzere tributary wa ob Mtsinje. Ugra ndi malire zachilengedwe m'madera akumidzi likulu la Mama athu - Moscow. Choncho, pa magombe ake izo zinachitika anamanganso ambiri ulemerero wa manja m'dzina la lawo lapansi. Pa mtsinje uwu wokongola pafupi Moscow ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Dzina la Ugra Mtsinje

mikangano yofuna ndi kulemekeza etymology dzina la mtsinje. Ena amakhulupirira kuti dzina si wa Asilavo komanso Finno-Ugric chiyambi. Mu chinenero ichi, muzu wa "vrai" ( "Kumwera") amatanthawuza "mtsinje". Ena amakhulupirira kuti mawu akuti "Ugra" kunayamba wakale Russian Qgr ', kutanthauza "mbozi". Zinali ku chizindikiro ichi chinachitika ano mawu "njoka yam'madzi". Ngati timavomereza amanena izi, zikhoza kapadera kuti kalelo anthu otchedwa mtsinjewo "meandering, kumulowetsa" kwa chikhalidwe likukulira wa madziwo, zinasintha malangizo awo.

Magwero a Ugra Mtsinje, dzina lake amagwirizana ndi ena mwa Magyar msasawu anaima pa magombe ake kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Magyar dzina mafuko mawu "Ugric".

mafotokozedwe hydrological

Mtsinjewo makilomita 399. Kusambira dziwe m'dera - pafupifupi 15.700 Km ^2. gwero la Ugra ili mu gawo kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa dera Smolensk.

Ugra - mtsinje, amene zoyendetsedwa ndi njira zingapo: 60% ya runoff pachaka imagwera pa madzi anasungunuka, 30% anali pansi, ndi zochepa 5% ya otaya abwera pamodzi ndi precipitates ndi. boma mtsinje msinkhu amakhala ndi, kutchulidwa mafunde otsika nyengo mkulu mokwanira otsika madzi m'chilimwe ndi autumn, nthawi zina mawu madzi osefukira chifukwa mvula ndi nyengo otsika ndi khola otsika madzi m'nyengo yozizira. Chakumapeto March, ayezi pa mtsinje chimasungunula ndipo akuyamba masika chigumula, yomwe itha oyambirira May. Nthawi imeneyi, madzi limatuluka kuti mamita 10-11, poyerekeza ndi nthawi yozizira. The mowa pafupifupi madzi mu mtsinje kwa chaka ndi 90 mamita ³ pa mphindi.

Ugra ali ndi ayezi kwa mochedwa November mpaka January. The mtsinje saundana mu osaya chifukwa cha mafunde amphamvu kakakulu ayezi pa Ugra osiyana.

Mtsinje Valley yodziwika ndi ambiri a thyathyathya chigumula, m'lifupi ukufika makilomita 1-2, ndipo pambuyo pake - 3,5 Km. Ugra njira m'lifupi ndi mamita 70-80 pambuyo pake. Mlingo pafupifupi otaya mtsinje - 0.4-0.6 m / s.

springhead

Ugra - mtsinje, wochokera ku dera Smolensk, Yelninsky District, makilomita 25 kuchokera m'tauni ya Yelnya, 2 Km from m'mudzi High. Malowa amayesedwa chipilala zachilengedwe zofunika m'deralo. Natural malire a malo otetezedwa ndi malire a kumadera a kuchigwa, imene ili. Gwero la mtsinje - chithaphwi ang'ono amene zoyendetsedwa ndi runoff pamwamba madzi. Ugra chigwa pa mfundo imeneyi pafupifupi si anasonyeza, ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu inamera m'tchire ndi zitsamba yaing'ono. Pakati pa mitengo ndi chogwidwa ndi birch, Aspen ndi zochepa wamba. M'badwo wa danga wobiriwira umalandira zaka 35-40. Only pafupi ndi mudzi wa High Mtsinje afika mawonekedwe mwachizolowezi ndi njira osiyana a yachibadwa bwereza.

tributary

M'dera Kaluga mtsinje akutambasula yake makilomita 160. Mu Ugra kwambiri imaphwera mu zinkapezeka m'madzi ndi mitsinje. makhwawa Aika ndi: manyowa, anataya chikhulupiriro, Shan, Techa, Ress, kulankhula, Rosvyanka, Veprik, Verezhka, Sokhna Coon Remezh, Uzhayka, Debra, Dymenka, Gordota, Oskovka, Makivka, Baskakovka, Sobzha, kuzungulira, Voronovka, Sigosa , parishi, Leonidovka ndi ena ambiri. Total Kaluga mtsinje Ugra ali 44 inflows. Amakhala ndi bedi timiyala ndi mchenga chabwino. Ugra akuthamanga mu Oka pa mtunda wa makilomita khumi kuchokera imachokera mumzinda wa Kaluga.

mabuku a mbiri yakale

Ugra - mtsinje umene zambiri zinthu ngati malire pakati pa formations osiyanasiyana a ndale ndi etnoplemennymi. Kuyambira 1147, mu zolemba muli maumboni kusiyana ndale pa icho. Iwo ankagwira otchedwa "ataima pa Ugra mtsinje." Choncho mbiri Russian wotchedwa atasemphana zimene zinachitika pakati pa kalonga waukulu wa Moscow Ivan lachitatu ndi Khan Big gulu Akhmat mu 1480. mphindi ino m'mbiri ya Russia imatengedwa kuti mapeto a Mongol-Chitata goli. Kusindikiza mtengo Ugra limatsindika dzina, amene kupereka anthu ake - "Lamba wa Virgin."

Pa magombe a mtsinje Ugra wolemekezeka anamanganso waulemerero wa manja, anthu ambiri ku Russia. Apa, mu 1812, iye anali motetezera wotchuka Denis Davydov. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pa isanayambike asilikali Nazi ku Moscow, Ugra anakhala chotchinga chachilengedwe pakati pa zokometsera kudzikolakwathu ndi adani. Pa mtsinje, anakwanitsa chintchito AG Rogov, mkulu squadron. Iye anatumiza ndege wake woyaka moto pa lopondereza Kuoloka kwa Ugra kukawononga.

Nsomba pa mtsinje

Mu Ugra, mukhoza kugwira nsomba zosiyana: Pike, burbot, roach, bream, bream siliva, Nsombazi, mlamba, ndi nsomba. Pa aft Wamphamvu, limene lili pansipa pakubwezeretsa, moyo nyambo kapena chimakhala bwino anagwira Pike. Otsala a zinyama nsomba za mumtsinje amakonda mphutsi. Spring bwino kukakwera chub pa cholakwika June. Mu chilimwe, kulumidwa ndi wabwino pa chub chiwala. anglers odziwa kusunga nsomba zawo Kukan ndi khola, monga muskrat kapena otter akhoza zimalowa mpaka mwachete kwa adzinenere kuti chokha zofunkha wapatali.

malo osungirako

Mmodzi wa aukhondo m'chigawo chapakati Russia akuti ndi mtsinje Ugra. Kaluga dera anatchuka chifukwa chikhalidwe chake zazikulu. Mu 1997, dera anaonekera "Ugra" National Park, omwe ndi mwapadera kutetezedwa madera achilengedwe. Chimakula zosiyanasiyana zomera mtima (1026 mitundu), ena mwa amene ankaitanitsa ku North America, pamene ena zomera m'deralo. The malo osungirako ikukula mitundu 140 kawirikawiri kwa Region Kaluga: slipper chidona, palchatokollennik Baltic, nthenga udzu, neottianta cucullata, Cephalanthera longifolia ndi ena. Ambiri mwa zomera ali Red Book la Chitaganya cha Russia.

The zomera za malo osungirako ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu 300. Kuli nswala, nguluwe, agologolo, mbawala ndi marten. Mwa mbalame amachuluka grouse, grouse, hawks, matabwa nkhunda ndi woodcocks. Pa magombe a mtsinje mungapeze beavers ndi otters. Okwana paki kutchulidwa: nyama - 57 Mbalame za mitundu - 210 nsomba - 36, achule - 10 zokwawa - 6 cyclostomes - 1.

National Park "Ugra" chimafikira kudutsa dera Kaluga pa mtunda wa makilomita 200. 90% ya zosiyanasiyana mitundu ya dera kumaphatikizapo m'dera limeneli.