The mzera wa mafumu French, akulamulira 987 kuyambira zaka za m'ma 14, m'zaka 19. Mzera wa mafumu French: tebulo

"The yaitali tsitsi mafumu" - linali dzina la mafumu woyamba a mafumu French, umene unachitika ku Salian Afulanki, wodziimira nthambi, tikukhala mu Tosandrii (pakati pa mitsinje Meuse ndi Scheldt) kwa zaka 420, mtsogoleri amene anali tate wa mtundu Merovingian - Pharamond, malinga ndi asayansi ambiri, lanthano khalidwe . Ndi V mpaka zaka za m'ma VIII pa dera la masiku ano France ndi Belgium ankalamulidwa ndi Merovingians.

Nthano of Ancient France

Izi mafumu theka-lodziwika bwino mafumu French atazunguliridwa ndi chinsinsi, nthano ndi fictions. "Novomag" amadzitcha Merovingians. Anthuwa ankatengedwa ochita zozizwitsa, amasomphenya ndi anyanga, onse mphamvu kuti anali ndi tsitsi lalitali. Kuzilingalira Pharamond, mwana Marcomer monga ana ake, kuphatikizapo kwambiri Meroveya, maganizo. Kupezeka kwa ambiri a iwo, ndipo iwo banja lawo molunjika kuchokera Trojan mfumu Priam, kapena, pa zikachitika, ndi ngwazi lake wachibale wa Trojan nkhondo, Eneya, zalembedwa si anatsimikizira. Monga chakuti Merovingians ali mbadwa Yesu Khristu. Anthu ena Rusami.V awo a kumpoto nkhani kuti mtundu wa mafumu amatenga Meroveya chifukwa wotchedwa. Ena amanena kuti Merowe ambiri anali 13 pa mpikisano umenewu.

umboni wotsimikizira

Woyamba m'mbiri, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira mwana yekhayo Meroveya - Childeric. Ambiri, koma osati onse. Ambiri amakhulupirira anayambitsa woona wa ufumu wa mwana wake, ndiye, mdzukulu Meroveya - (. Tsopano Mpingo wa St. Genevieve) Clovis (481-511), amene analamulira bwinobwino kwa zaka 30 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu yekha anamanga Peter ndi Mpingo wa Paulo ku Paris. mafumu Izi mafumu French adalemekezedwa Holdvigom I. Ndipo osati chifukwa France pamene anatengera Chikatolika, ndi ubatizo wake anali kubadwa kwa latsopano Roma. Pamene Wachifulanki (kutanthauziridwa monga "ufulu"), boma chawonjezeka kwambiri mu kukula, wakhala poyerekeza "chitukuko mkulu" wa Byzantium. Iwo unafalikira. mlingo kulemba anali kasanu kuposa patapita zaka 500.

Ndi zofooka za oimira ufumu wa ulemerero

Mafumu a Merovingian mtundu kawirikawiri anthu a cholimba komanso ophunzira kwambiri. Anzeru ndi zina nkhanza olamulira, monga Dagobert II (676-679), amene analamulira osati kale, koma bwinobwino. Maganizo mphamvu zonse manja a mfumu, amene anakonzera dziko amphamvu, koma sanali mabwalo lolemera ndipo mpingo. mfumu anaphedwa. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, iye anaphedwa take godson wake, mkondo maso protknuvshim. Mpingo, amene ankalekerera regicide, iye canonized mu 872. Pambuyo pake, tikhoza kunena otsiriza woona woimira Merovingian, izo nthawi meya wa nyumba ya boma. Childeric III (743-751), otsiriza a Merovingian nyumba, ulamuliro zothandiza kale. Anaikidwa meya wa nyumba Pepin Short ndi Karlomanom pambuyo mpando wachifumu anali opanda pake kwa zaka 7. Zimamveka anali mwana wa Chilperic II, koma palibe umboni wa amayanjana wake kwa Merovingian akale konse. Mwachibadwa, iye anali chidole m'manja mwa akuluakulu.

Carolingians ndi nthumwi zawo zabwino

Carolingian - ndi mzera wa mafumu French, m'malo olamulira a mtundu Meroveya. Mfumu yoyamba inali yochepa Pepin III (751-768), amene kale amaveka korona anali meya wa nyumba ya i.e. pa apamwamba akuluakulu Merovings pabwalo. Iye amadziwika chifukwa chakuti iye anali tate wa Karla Velikogo. Pepin, mphamvu ndi chilungamo anagwira mphamvu, m'ndende otsiriza la ufumu waulemerero Meroveya - Childeric III.

Umunthu kwambiri osati mu mzera Carolingian, akulamulira 751 kwa 987 chaka, koma mbiri yonse ya France ndi Charles Ine Wamkulu (768-814). dzina lake anapereka dzina la mafumu a. Wopambana wankhondo amene wapanga maulendo oposa 50, izo kwambiri anawonjezera malire a France. M'chaka 800 ku Roma, Charles analengeza mfumu. mphamvu zake zidakhala unrestricted. Mwa kuyambitsa malamulo wowawa, anapanga mphamvu kwambiri moyikirapo mu manja ake. Pakuti vuto pang'ono aliyense amene aphwanya malamulo wokhazikitsidwa izo, kuyembekezera chilango cha imfa. Carl biannual kusonkhanitsa malangizo a otchuka zakuthupi ndi zauzimu. Zochokera nawo zochita, kuti malamulo. Mfumu ndi bwalo lake ndi cholinga kulamulira munthu anayenda kudutsa dziko. Kumene, Inde za zinthu zimenezi, kuphatikiza ziŵalo asilikali sakanakhoza zotsatira zabwino. France zambiri. Koma ufumu ndisungunuka ndi imfa yake. Osati kuona m'malo woyenera, Karl anapereka magawo ana, lirikulimbana pakati pawo. Kenako kuphwanyidwa anapitiriza.

Mapeto a ufumu analengedwa ndi Carl

The mzera wa French mafumu mtundu wa Carolingian ulamuliro kwa dziko awiri zaka zambiri, koma sanali m'gulu ziwalo za mafumu palibe ngakhale pang'ono amatikumbutsa Charles Ine Wamkulu. Otsiriza wolamulira wa Mfumu Berengar Ine udindo anafa 924 chaka. Mu 962, ndi German mfumu Otto Ine Wopatulika wa Roma linakhazikitsidwa ndi Wamkulu. Iye anayamba kuganizira chokha m'malo mwa Carolingian Ufumu. Mfumu yomaliza ya ufumuwo uyu anali Louis V aulesi, amene anali mu mphamvu kwa chaka chimodzi - kuchokera 986 987 pa chaka. Malinga ndi ena Mabaibulo, iye pomudyetsanso poizoni mayi ake. Mwina chifukwa ndine waulesi. Ndipo ngakhale iye anamuika wolowa nyumba wa amalume ake, atsogoleri achipembedzo komanso mphamvu anaikidwa pa mpando wachifumu wa Gugo Kapeta.

France wachitatu lachifumu

The mzera wa mafumu French, kulamulira pamodzi ndi 987g., Otchedwa Robertino kenako Capet, ngati inu mukhoza ndikuganiza dzina lake loyamba, nakhala pansi pa mpando yovomerezeka, Gugo Kapeta (analamulira 987-996). nthumwi lenileni la mafumu imeneyi inatha ndi imfa ya Charles IV Fair mu 1328, chokhudza, ngati chifukwa kuti trilogy Maurice Druon "The wotembereredwa Mafumu", ndi amazipanga wotchuka mu Soviet Union, zaka odzipereka cha ulamuliro wa mafumu asanu lotsiriza la Capetian mafumu, ndipo woyamba mafumu awiri wa Valois nthambi wamng'ono wa Capetian. Philip IV Fair ndi ana ake onse anatemberera Grand Mwini Templars nthawi anaphedwa.

Nthambi ndi amphamvu

Anthu a banja lachifumu ndi Carolingians anali atalengeza mafumu a France - ana awiri a tate wa mafumu a Robert Wamphamvu n'kulemba Anjou - Senior Mkonzi 888, ndi Robert Jr. mu 922. Koma Carolingian anakhalabe kulamulira achifumu mpikisano. Ndipo kale Gugo Kapet anayambitsa mzera yovomerezeka, sipangakhalenso anati kukhalabe mphamvu mpaka 1848, chifukwa chotsatira akulamulira nyumba ya Valois, Bourbon, Orleanidov nthambi wamng'ono Capet. The mzera wa mafumu French kwa zaka 987 wotchuka osati kwa nthambi zake, komanso chakuti, atalandira kuchokera Carolingian boma unagawanika imene mphamvu mfumu anawonjezera okha ku Paris kuti Orleans, iye wawasinthira France anali wamphamvu mphamvu monarchical motsatizana ku Atlantic gombe ku Nyanja Mediterranean . Izi zikuchitika akuyesetsa ya mafumu - Louis VI Tolstoy (1108-1137), Philip II Augustus wa Krivoy (1179-1223), m'modzi mwa oimira wotchuka kwambiri ichi House, St. Louis IX (1226-1270), Philip III molimba mtima (1270- 1285) ndipo, ndithudi, Philip Fair IV (1285-1314). Iye zasintha France, lisanduke mphamvu, chinachake chokhala ngati boma masiku ano.

Dzina, otsala kupyola mmibadwo

The mzera wa mafumu French, dzina amachokera dzina la - ndi Capet. Kuwonjezera kuti dzina la mfumu yoyamba Gugo Velikogo anali anatchula kokha m'zaka XI. Ofufuza ena, ndi dzina lakuti anapatsidwa chifukwa iwo ankavala Abbey kapu (cappa). Iye anali abbot yakale ya agulupa wotchuka ngati Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Saint-Denis, ndi ena ambiri.

Monga taonera, Capet anali mkulu wa nthambi ya lalikulu mtundu mbali ana amene anayambitsa ena French mafumu. Gome m'munsimu chikusonyeza pamwambapa anati.

Anzeru, amphamvu, okongola kwambiri

Philippe Fair anali bwino m'banja, lomwe ndi ana anayi. anyamata atatu anali alternately mafumu France - grumpy Louis X (1314-1316), Philip V Utali (1316-1322), Carl wokongola IV (1322-1328). Mfumu ofooka anali kutali ndi bambo awo laulemerero. Komanso, analibe ana aamuna koma John Ine Posthumous, mwana wa Louis X Grumpy, amene anafa masiku 5 atabatizidwa. Mwana wamkazi wa Filipo Fair anakwatiwa ndi Mfumu Edward II, amene anapereka ufulu kwa mwana wawo Edward III Plantagenet mtundu wa ndikutsutsa wachifumu French pa nthambi Valois, amene anamutengera iye atafa Charles Fair. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chiyambi cha zaka mazana nkhondo.

Valois nthambi

The mzera wa mafumu French, anayamba kulamulira m'ma 14, wotchedwa ndi mzera wa Valois (1328-1589), monga kholo lake anali msuwani wa mfumu yotsiriza ya Filipp Valua Capet. Cholowa cha nyumba iyi chigamulo anagwa ndifotokoze mavuto ambiri - ndi nkhondo yoopsayo, imfa ya m'madera mliri, zipolowe otchuka, yaikulu ya ndilo Jacquerie (1358). Only mu 1453, France, chifukwa nthawi umpteenth mu mbiri yake, amaona ukulu wake wakale ndi kubwezeretsedwa ku malire ake akale. Ndipo Jeanne D, Arc, mdzakazi wa Orleans kapena kuchotsa British "oyamikira kwa French" anamuwotcha pamtengo. St. Bartholomew , nayenso, anadza mu ulamuliro wa mafumu ichi - August 24, 1572. Ndipo nyumba yachifumu iyi anali nthumwi zake woyenera, monga Francis I. Mu zaka za ulamuliro wake asangalala France m'nthawi Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi mtima wa mphamvu zonse za mfumu. Mfumu yomaliza nyumba anali wamng'ono ndipo ankakonda mwana intriguante Ekateriny Medichi (woyamba - mafumu Francis II ndi Charles IX), Henry III. Koma stiletto wake anavutika an'kanthunthumira Republic mmonke Zhak Kleman. Henry III anapanga wotchuka ndi mabuku Aleksandra Dyuma 'Koroleva Margo "," The wotchuka de A Monsoreau "," forte faifi. " Ana akhala ndi Valois mafumu anasiya kulamulira.

Bourbons

Apo pakubwera nthawi ya mafumu a France Bourbon mafumu, woyambitsa umene unali mu 1589 Henry IV ya Navarre (1589-1610). Woyambitsa wa nthambi wamng'ono wa Capetians anali mwana wa St. Louis IX, Robert (1256-1317) mkazi wa abereka de A Bourbon. Anthu a mafumu izi mu France wotanganidwa wachifumu kuchokera 1589 mpaka 1792 ndipo kuyambira 1814 mpaka 1848, pamene Spain, pambuyo anaukitsidwa angapo, iwo potsiriza anachoka okha mu 1931. Mu France pambuyo ulimi wa 1792 ndi mafumu unachotsedwa ndipo Korol Lyudovik XVI anaphedwa 1793. iwo anabwezeretsedwa wachifumu atagwa Napoleon I mu 1814, koma posakhalitsa - pamaso pa 1848 zisinthe. Wotchuka French mfumu ya Bourbon mafumu, ndithudi, Louis XIV kapena Sun Mfumu. dzina lakuti A analandira osati chifukwa anali mu mphamvu '72 (mpando wachifumu, adatenga zaka zisanu mu 1643, anamwalira mu 1715), koma chifukwa cha ballets wokongola Kukwera Akavalo, limene nawo mu chifanizo cha kuwala, kapena mfumu ya Roma, atagwira m'manja mwa chishango golide, amatikumbutsa dzuwa. bwino kwambiri mu ulamuliro wake dziko sanathe kudzitama. Ndi kusintha wamagazi kuti anagwedeza dziko kumapeto a XVIII atumwi ndi pakati pa zaka XIX amasonyeza kuti gulu sanali Bourbons la France anthu.

French achifumu XIX nyumba m'zaka

Wotchuka mzera wa mafumu French kwa zaka za m'ma 19? Popeza kuti anali mawu kusintha, wobwezeretsedwa ndi kachiwiri linasokonekera. M'zaka za m'ma XIX wachifumu French kuchokera 1804 mpaka 1815 anakhala Mfumu Napoleon Ine Bonaparte. Pambuyo chiwonongeko wake, panali kubwezeretsa Bourbons lapansi. Anakwera wachifumu, Louis XVIII (1814-1824), ndi 67th mfumu ya France. Iye anali Mfumu lotsiriza la France, yemwe wagwetsedwa, otsiriza awiri (Charles X 1824-1830, Louis-Philippe - 1830-1848) anali mosatsata wachifumu ndi mphamvu. Mphwake wa Napoleon Ine, pulezidenti woyamba wa French Republic Louis Napoleon Bonaparte kapena Napoleon III anali kulamulira anthu lomaliza. The French Mfumu udindo kuchokera 1854 mpaka 1870, iye anali mu mphamvu mpaka adani ake ndi William I. Palinso anali kuyesa kalasi wachifumu French, koma kupewa ichi, akhala agulitsa, ndi dziko potsiriza anatchedwa Republic mu 1885 korona onse a mafumu French. M'zaka za m'ma XIX wachifumu kulamulidwa ndi French mafumu, tebulo ndi masiku ndi ndondomeko ya ulamuliro wa lopatsidwa pansipa.

Merovingian, Carolingian, Capet (kuphatikizapo Valois, ndi Bourbons, Orleanidy) Bonaparte - kuti mafumu akulamulira wa French.