Unit mankhwala kachulukidwe

ndi unit wa kachulukidwe chiyani? Tiyeni tione mbali kuchuluka thupi.

Mawu amenewa ndi chizindikiro zofunika mafuta, komanso mankhwala osiyanasiyana mafuta.

Features akuti

Mu petrochemical masiku ano ngati unit kachulukidwe chuma makilogalamu / M3, komanso g / M3. Kugwiritsa kuwerengetsera ofanana anachita mfundo kugwirizana ndi kudziwa kulemera kwa chinthu. Pamaso pa voliyumu, komanso kachulukidwe kudziwika kwa thunthu, tingadziwire kuchuluka kwa mafuta.

Khama la

Kulemera kwa mankhwala kapena osakaniza a chigawo koyera akuimira chiwerengero cha misa, amene ali mu buku unit. SI unit wa kachulukidwe - makilogalamu / M3. Kutenga mtengo wa misa mita kiyubiki mmodzi wa madzi otchezedwa amene walandiridwa pa kutentha madigiri anayi.

Kwenikweni zilibe kugwira ntchito zowerengetsa phindu mtheradi wa chinthu kapena osakaniza ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndi osalimba wachibale amene akufotokoza chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwa osakaniza (chigawo) kuti madzi oyera voliyumu ofanana.

Mtengo n'zosangalatsa kumva za index wachibale ndi osalimba mtheradi ndinu yemweyo, pali kusiyana kokha mu gawo lapansi. Popeza wachibale wa wagawo osalimba.

Mu dziko lathu pali wapadera GOST 3900, chimene ndi mtima wa osalimba pa kutentha anasonyeza 20 madigiri Celsius.

mfundo yapadera ya mayiko ntchito kuwerengera osalimba a katundu mafuta ndi mafuta malonda. Iwo idzagwiritsa ntchito hydrometer ndi digito kachulukidwe chowunikira.

Mu United States ndi Britain ntchito mfundo pokhapo titachitapo monga madigiri, anayambitsa ngakhale madigirii wapadera Baume ndi IPA. Pakati pawo pali chiyanjano anasonyeza mwa maikwezhoni masamu.

Ena zipangizo Buku otchulidwa lakuti kachulukidwe d204. Kwenikweni kuchuluka izi thupi anayeza pa mfundo zosiyanasiyana kutentha, kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa koyefishienti cha kuwonjezedwa volumetric.

Osalimba ngati chizindikiro osiyana n'kofunika kuti makampani petrochemical. Komanso akuti thupi ntchito kudziŵa structural-gulu zikuchokera mwa kupenda chisakanizo cha tuzigawo twa hydrocarbon.

Kuchokera pa zimene kachulukidwe zimatengera

Mayunitsi kachulukidwe miyezo zimasonyeza kuti kuchuluka thupi zokhudzana voliyumu ndi misa. zizindikiro zimene ena zikugwirizananso ndi osalimba a kanthu?

Pa kachulukidwe zimakhudza mankhwala chikhalidwe cha constituent zinthu, fractional zikuchokera, kulemera maselo a m'nyanjazi, ndi pamaso pa solutes zili dikira zinthu. Malinga mozama ndi zaka miyala ya kusintha kachulukidwe mafuta. Mu umagwirira ntchito kachulukidwe mayunitsi ngati zinthu monga g / cm3.

Njira kudziwa kachulukidwe

Mu Russia, ntchito kudziwa kachulukidwe hydrometric ndi njira pycnometric. Chimake yachiwiri ndi yaitali ndi nthawi wonyeketsa njira, limapereka mkulu muyeso molondola. maziko ake kulemera kuchita masamu kuyerekezera kusanthula buku la mafuta kapena mafuta ndi madzi pa misa kutentha makhalidwe ofanana. Chifukwa ndi gulu la kachulukidwe m'kati 0,0001. Pycnometers ndi makontena galasi ndi kusindikiza chivundikirocho. ziwiya Volume akuloledwa 1, 5, 25 ml.

yeniyeni hydrometric njira chiyani? Pali muyezo wa mayiko umene njira zasayansi kudziwa kachulukidwe mafuta madzi, mafuta woyera. njira zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito galasi hydrometer pa +15 ndi +20 madigiri Celsius.

hydrometer A ndiye chotengera cylindrical, pansi ndi ballast. malo ake ayenera kukhala symmetrical. hydrometers ambiri thermometer a. The chida wapangidwa lonse wapadera, unit wa kachulukidwe zilipo. Kuti bwino yolondola matanthauzo, mungagwiritse ntchito ya hydrometers, pogwiritsa ntchito magulu angapo zina pa sikelo ya.

njira Kudziwa osalimba a motile njira bwino, ntchito mwangozi wa meniscus m'munsi kwa gawo lapansi hydrometer. Pamene kupeza osalimba a opaque zakumwa hydrometer lonse ndi kuwerenga ndi kusankha mwangozi ndi ndodo chapamwamba meniscus.

Ndi yosalala kumiza hydrometer, pambuyo pochimanga, osalimba a magawo mopitirira. Kukachitika kuti pali kusiyana kutentha madigiri 20, osalimba mtima ikuchitika pa zilipo kutentha chizindikiro, ndiye recalculation imagwiridwa.

Kuwerengetsa osalimba

Pamoyo, anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu poyerekeza: "kuunika, ngati mpweya," "katundu, ngati mtovu". Ndipo pafupifupi mmodzi wa iwo sakuganiza ngati ali ndi tanthauzo lake.

Mu sayansi sukulu maphunziro akuchitika ku kuwerengetsera ana omwe chikugwirizana thupi zedi atatu: osalimba, misa, voliyumu. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akufuna kuti kuwerengera misa zamkuwa ndi mipiringidzo zitsulo, ndi buku chomwecho. Pofuna kuchepetsa ntchito imeneyi, ndi zizindikiro zofunika monga osalimba. Zitsulo lolemererapo kwambiri, adzakhala thupi bar.

Kodi kupanga muyeso wa misa mbali kutsogolera zomwe ndi miyeso osiyana? Choyamba kudziwa kutalika, m'lifupi, kutalika kwa aliyense wa iwo, masamu ndi kuchuluka zizindikiro analandira. Ndiye mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalezo zolemera anapereka kulemera. Kudziwa kachulukidwe tipeze chiŵerengero cha misa kwa buku wa chinthu.

Pomaliza

Kodi kachulukidwe? Izi ndi kuchuluka thupi limene amadziwika chinthu makamaka. Iwo amatanthauziridwa kuti chiŵerengero cha misa kwa buku la thunthu. chizindikiro Izi amaimira kalata (po), unit yaikulu ya muyeso mu mayiko SI ndi makilogalamu / M3. N'zimenenso thunthu yokha sikudalira buku zimene kapena kulemera kwa nyemba pachiyambi. Pa magnification wa katatu kulemera kwa osakaniza kapena thunthu wangwiro, ndendende nthawi zambiri voliyumu adzakhala ndichepe, pamene osalimba sichitha.