Utolankhani - ndi mbiri ... ndizosowa utolankhani. Dipatimenti ya utolankhani

Ntchito ya utolankhani, inu mukhoza kutenga nambala yaikulu mayunivesite padziko lonse. Komabe, limatchula za amadziwika chimodzimodzi kuchita, anazindikira kudzera zinachitikira. Zimene Sonyezani m'dera wodandaulayu ati kuphunzira, kusankha zimadalira yunivesite.

Pali ntchito yotero - kudziwa zonse

Utolankhani - utumiki kapena kuitana? Kumene, poyamba pa zonse ndi ntchito kumene luso lawo. Mtolankhani wina akhoza kulemba nkhani, kuti kuyankhulana kupanga cholengeza munkhani. Komanso zapaderazi izi losiyana pokhudzana nthawi zonse ndi anthu osiyana. Choncho, ili kapitawo atolankhani ali wokhoza kuti iwo kukhulupirira ndi kulandira zofunika. Izi ofufuza ndi wosewera, ndi mlembi mwa munthu mmodzi. Kumene, chotero ntchito Mipikisano faceted kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka mofulumira M'maso.

kuyenda kope

Real cholembera nsombazi tingaone ndi kuyang'ana mwapadera. media ntchito amayang'ana pa dziko ndi mtima wonse, akuyang'anayang'ana infopovod gwero la deta athandizira kwa chuma ndi anzanu atsopano chikhalidwe. Zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti zinachitika wotchuka wotchedwa Paparazzi kanema wa Fellini ndi mtolankhani woona, kusonyeza kusowa nzeru komanso ogona. Koma popanda quickness pa TV kuchita kanthu. Ndipotu, monga zowonetseredwa ndi Vladimir Pozner mu pulogalamuyi "Sukulu kumuyalutsa" utolankhani - ndi matsenga omwe alipo okha pakalipano zokha.

Kupanga zinthu zabwino, osatsegula akonze mfundo, kupanga ndemanga zake ndi kufalitsa kumvera pa kulankhula bwino spaced. Choncho gawo la atolankhani angapezeke pa notepads kapena newfangled chida kuti amachita ntchito yofanana.

Aluso media ntchito angathe kupereka uthenga kotero kuti kunali kosatheka kuti kuwerenga. Nkofunika timvetsetsetse uthenga chithunzi cha zinthu, kupenda heterogeneity zipangizo ndi chidwi omvera pa lingaliro lalikulu la ntchito katswiri pa mawu.

Kumene ambiri amaona kuti utolankhani - ndi mlongo wamng'ono mabuku ndi luso likuyenera kuchita ndi mmene chithunzi zojambulajambula. Komabe, nthawi zambiri olemba luso kusankha njira iyi, pamodzi ndi izi kwambiri kulemba nkhani komanso mabuku. N'zotheka kuti moyo wamakono wachititsa wa hermits, olemba anthu kutsogolera ndi mphamvu ya moyo chikhalidwe. Tsopano wolemba akuyembekezera otchulidwa ake sali mu malo amkati, ndipo khamu la anthu. Ichi ndi chithunzi mwachidule za ntchito masiku ano TV.

Maziko a utolankhani: kuphunzitsa zinthu

News - Ichi ndicho matsenga, ntchito chifukwa cha osatsegula akatswiri. TV ndi zofunika. Mfundo ndi zinthu zomwe zinachitika kupanga zinthu zosangalatsa. Chikaikiro ndi nkhambakamwa mu ofalitsa nkhani alibe malo. bungwe lililonse la utolankhani hones ophunzira ake luso nadzawasankhula zofunika kuchokera moperewera. Ophunzira amaphunzitsidwa tikuona mfundo zikuluzikulu, kupeza mfundo zofunika mu njira ya pofufuza, pokonza deta ndiponso pano chidwi zakuthupi. Izi ndizosowa utolankhani.

Ophunzira komanso kuphunzira m'madera osiyanasiyana amene analidi wosiyana ndi njira mzake ndi kalembedwe ulaliki. Nyuzipepala ya utolankhani, wailesi ndi televizioni utolankhani amafuna luso losiyana.

Komanso pali malo monga photojournalism ndi reklamistika. Komabe, pafupifupi zonse amafuna lamulo wabwino. Kulemba nkhani m'buku, n'kofunika kuti athe mwachidule mfundo ku wailesi kufunika katswiri kulankhula zinthu TV, kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, muyenera kugwira ntchito mu chimango cha.

Ndili ndi zida - okonzeka kupita

Nthawi zambiri achinyamata kuyatsa chilakolako kuti adziwe ntchito ya mkulu wa mphesa, koma sanali kugwira kufufuza wake journalistic za bungwe yoyenera. Kusankha zambiri imagwera pa pafupi ndi kunyumba kapena yunivesite zapamwamba. Komabe, tiyenera nthawi yomweyo ife kuganizira mfundo za dipatimenti.

Mu Russia pafupifupi mzinda waukulu ali ndi mwayi wolandira maphunziro ndi khalidwe philology. Komabe, pali mayunivesite, zimene zimapereka maphunziro apadera kwambiri m'dera kuti ali ndi chidwi wodandaulayu ndi.

Ndithudi, izi MSU utolankhani, sukulu ya utolankhani ndi MGIMO anayambitsa MEDIYA RSUH.

utolankhani mayiko chaonekera MGIMO mu 1968. Pankhani ya Institute for Misa Mediya, Russian State University ovutika Cholinga kuphunzitsa maphunziro luso pa mkulu mlingo mu zikhalidwe malinga ndi zaka zambiri.

MSU - Kodi maziko a utolankhani mu dziko lathu, kotero luso la tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

Onse omaliza mayunivesite zitatu ndi mwayi wophunzira mmene kulenga zipangizo zawo TV, komanso ulere kuyenda mu mfundo kupeza apo, pamene munthu wamba sangathe. Siyense mphamvu ya utolankhani amalola kuti kumapeto yaikulu, monga momwe zilili ku mayunivesite lalikulu la dziko.

mayunivesite kunja

The luso kwambiri odalirika ndi mayunivesite mu dziko, kukonza atolankhani, ndi awo wapadera mwambo wa kuphunzira. Koma ngati pamaso mapangidwe vekitala ndi anasankhidwa zochokera pa zosowa mkati mwa dziko, koma tsopano, mu nthawi ya padziko lonse sukulu ya galamala ayamba kupanga dongosolo mosalekeza kwambiri. Ndipo pamene ophunzira mwayi kuti amamera. Ndi chifukwa kupeza luso akatswiri mphunzitsi ophunzira TV kugonjetsa mtunda sangaganize ndi chilankhulo.

Sukulu ya utolankhani, yomwe ndi chimodzi cha yapamwamba kwambiri, lili University Columbia, USA. Apa amaphunzitsidwa ambuye wa cholembera mu malo onse aakulu.

Pakuti utolankhani m'munda wa chilamulo ndi zachuma ndi kupita ku yunivesite ya Madrid Carlos III. Chikhazikitso cha luso kulemba anaphunzitsa pano mwa prism wa sayansi chikhalidwe ndi zaumunthu.

atolankhani Scientific kupeza zinachitikira oyenera University iyi: Dortmund ku Germany. Apa amaphunzitsidwa zachilengedwe ndi luso amalanga, omaliza kuteteza ntchito sayansi pa nkhani anasankha. Komanso, Germany ndi wokonzeka kupitiriza ambuye wa mbiri luso. Izi zikuchita ndi Fachhochschule Bonn-mosavuta-Sieg. Computer sayansi, sayansi, luso chotero kulamulira amaphunzitsidwa pano, monga momwe mbiri ya utolankhani, kapena kalembedwe m'chinenero chawo.

The Australia University University of Western Sydney kuphunzira ntchito, masewera ndi utolankhani ndale. Koma antchito media, amene amakhazikika pa luso kuwunika zimatumizidwa kuphunzira luso la Institute of Technology ku New Zealand. Nthawi yomweyo kukonzekera oimba, ojambula ndi okonza. Motero, ku New Zealand zokolola si waluso kwambiri atolankhani, koma akatswiri pa mphambano za madera awiri. Chitsanzo chachiwiri kuphunzira blended ndi, pa University of Navarra ku Spain. Apa ophunzira okhazikika mu nzeru Atakhala atolankhani ofufuza.

Lina akadali chophunzitsa ophunzira okhudzidwa mapangidwe zinenero zina. Mwachitsanzo, sukulu ya utolankhani ku France ochita ophunzira kupita ku Italy. Mu Italy, chikhalidwe chosiyana, chochitika chosiyana kwa ophunzira. Chifukwa, pali taphunzitsa utolankhani wapadera. Mayunivesite padziko lonse kupereka mapulogalamu awo ndi zofunika.

Zenera Europe

mayunivesite Russian monga Moscow State Institute, Russian State University ovutika ndi Moscow State University, kutumiza ana awo kunja. Institute of utolankhani amapereka ankatha kupeza zinachitikira yachilendo. The chikhalidwe chachikulu ichi - pamaso pa chinenero Kupenda yake ndi zaka zochepa maphunziro bungwe zofunika kwambiri.

Ngati wophunzirayo kufunafuna maphunziro kudziletsa utolankhani, akatunduwo lofiira tepi bodza pa izo. Kuwonjezera mayesero amenewa, muyenera kupereka mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro, kalata pa viability ndalama lovomereza ndi kalata chilimbikitso. Iwo m'pofunika kukonza mbiri ya lofalitsidwa ntchito pa TV. amalipiritsa kulembetsa, nyumba ndi wapadera malipiro - onse analipira mwapadera. Mu gawo ili mayunivesite achilendo kusankha maphunziro ndi ochokera m'mayiko akunja, ndi kupereka kogona.

malonda uthenga

Nthawi zina atolankhani kuyitana oimira ntchito yachiwiri wamkulu, kunena luso kupereka uthenga ku dziko limene iwo Analamulidwa. Komabe, akazembe Russian osindikizira anaonekera ndi posachedwapa - m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.

mutu amachokera French ndipo limatanthauza 'Diary "(ku magazini ya). Moscow publicists chinkhoswe mu periodicals. Kale ndi mafumu a Mikhail Fedorovich ndi Alexei Mikhailovich chikalata choyamba kope pamanja "Chimes The" ndi "orderlies makalata", makamaka m'Mabaibulo awo lofalitsidwa a manyuzipepala European: German, Swedish, Polish ndi Dutch. News kuwerenga kwa mfumu, ndi boyars idzatha. A kanali koyamba "Vedomosti" anatuluka mu 1702, kachiwiri ongokhala uthenga yachilendo. Petr Veliky ndiye mu ndandanda nthawi yanu kusankha mudziwe kwambiri. Kope 1703 anayamba kutuluka nthawi zonse Lachiwiri ndi Lachisanu.

Choncho, hawkers nkhani anabwera kwa nthawi yaitali, koma anakhoza kukhala utolankhani pokhapokha maonekedwe a osindikizira ndi ambiri kufunika poyera mfundo atsopano. Kufunika adanyamuka m'ma 17, nyengo Boom luso, pamene opanga anayamba kutsatira mfundo zogwirizana zachuma. Malonda anayenera kudziŵa mayiko mukhoza kugula zipangizo ndi kumene kuli makina atsopano kwa kupanga. Komanso, buku la inati mitengo, imene inapangitsa kuti kuphunzira za msika mpikisano.

Mu nthawi yomweyo, atolankhani amapezeka kwambiri chidwi ku mabungwe a boma. Tsopano akanikizire - "Sled kavalo" maganizo, chipembedzo ndi ndale masewera.

mbiri utolankhani kumagwirizana ndi mlingo ambiri kophunzira.

A chopereka lalikulu kwa dziko uthenga dera anabweretsa Mikhail Lomonosov. ntchito yake "Nkhani pa udindo wa atolankhani" anaika vekitala chitukuko cha ntchito m'zaka 19-20. Ndi pa maziko a mfundo za sayansi zimene ayenera kukhala yosindikiza zoweta, ntchito yomanga almanacs "Bell", "Moscow Telegraph", "Mfundo za Lathu", "kumalo ozizira Star".

The October kuukira boma abala "New World" ndi mabuku ena, kuphatikizapo "News", "Komsomolskaya Pravda", "Soviet Russia".

lawo cholowa

Mmodzi wa m'madipatimenti yaikulu ya dziko, kuphunzitsa atolankhani, utolankhani ndi MSU. Pa luso ndi 14 m'madipatimenti, kuphatikizapo: Dipatimenti ya utolankhani okhonda ndi Literature, Dipatimenti ya History atolankhani zoweta, zolembalemba, ndi luso kutsutsa ndi utolankhani, stylistics mbadwa chinenero TV ndi mawailesi wailesi, nyuzipepala luso ntchito, TV latsopano ndi chiphunzitso kulankhulana ndi ena. Ndiye kukhala photojournalists anakonza, akatswiri akonzi, olemba intaneti. utolankhani mphamvu ya Moscow State University amatiphunzitsa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: wanthawi zonse ganyu ndi m'makalata. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, malangizo anapereka m'makalata anaima. Utumiki wa nthawi anapereka nyuzipepala, kujambula, wailesi, TV, mayiko, masewera, ntchito ya utolankhani.

Umalimbikira monga manyuzipepala, TV ndi utolankhani wailesi, komanso mkonzi ndi malonda maubale, akhoza kuphunzira pa makalasi madzulo.

ophunzira onse adziwe chilango umoyo ndale, philological ndi apadera. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kuphunzira luso komanso kuganiza mozama njira, yokonza zipangizo TV ndi mawailesi, gulu la ndodo nyuzipepala, kupeza luso kufalitsa chilengedwe ndi kufalitsa TV network convergent TV okhutira.

Pa mkhalidwe izo anaika yaikulu sayansi ndi maphunziro nsanja operekedwa ndi Center Ibero-American Phunziro la a utolankhani ndi Culture, ndi Free Chirasha German Institute of utolankhani, ndi Center Phunziro la la Media Scandinavia ndi Finland, ndi Franco-Russian, Chirasha Japanese, Chitaliyana Russian, Chirasha Indian, Russian -Chinese malo. Ophunzira ali kuti adziwe zilankhulo, kuphunzira dongosolo TV ndi mfundo za limati osiyana nawo mapulogalamu kuwombola yachilendo anapereka mphamvu ya utolankhani. pulogalamu maphunziro nthawi zonse zilibwino.

Mbiri ya zaka 60 m'litali

utolankhani mphamvu ya Moscow State University kwa zaka 60, anamaliza maphunziro anthu oposa 20 000. Pakati pawo - ndi wotchuka Vladislav Listev ndi Anna Politkovskaya. Lamakono TV nyenyezi ayenera kuganizira Marianna Maksimovskaya, Ernesta Matskyavichusa ndi Alekseya Pivovarova wa mafilimu - ndi Evelina Khromchenko, Kseniya Strizh, Dana Borisova, Tutta Larson, Andrey Malakhov. Ndiye ankaphunzira wolemba wotchuka ndi ndakatulo wotchedwa Dmitry Bykov Vera Polozkova.

Chidwi osati omaliza, komanso zikuchokera aphunzitsi. Choncho, Moscow State University utolankhani anapereka oposa 165 oimira aphunzitsi. Pakati ofufuza 97 kucheza aphunzitsi, ofuna 32 sayansi ndi pulofesa. Ambiri ophunzirawo bwino amene anamaliza ndi mphamvu ya utolankhani, kupitiriza kuphunzitsa apa. Pakati pawo - wailesi khamu Svetlana Sorokina, wotsutsa nyimbo Artemy Troitsky, mkonzi wamkulu wa pulogalamu "Echo wa Moscow" Alexei Venediktov. Anthu onsewa utolankhani - uposa ukachenjede, changa, kotero kuphunzira kwa iwo - zikutanthauza osati kuphunzira ndizosowa luso, komanso kuwaululira talente zawo.

Wophunzira Chilengedwe panayambira

Akukhulupirira kuti Lomonosov chipilala - si yekha mbiri ya utolankhani, komanso malo a mphamvu ndi olemba mabuku. Apa panadza ophunzira wamng'ono, omaliza posachedwapa, pali malo hangouts zhurfakovtsev.

Phunziro lonse pa yunivesite impregnated m'mlengalenga wapadera, chifukwa ophunzira yongocheza nthawi yayitali. Iwo kumasula kope optional a "Mtolankhani" okha kukonzekera anasamutsidwa zoweta ndi ntchito mwakhama kukhala TV TV.

Mugs utolankhani - makamaka ndi zokambirana kulenga ndi situdiyo. Apa ana aphunzire kuteteza maganizo awo, kumvetsera mfundo zina za maganizo ndi ndemanga wina ndi mzake apamwamba ndemanga mlingo.

Kuti adzipereke, kukhala lake

Pofuna kuphunzira pa Moscow State University, yunivesite, komanso utolankhani ina yunivesite amapereka ntchito pochitika pakhomo mayeso. Lero iwo zikuphatikizapo Wonse boma tione Russian ndi mabuku. Komanso, m'pofunika pochitika ndi achilendo zinenero, imene, kuwonjezera English ndi German, kutenga mayeso ku French ndi Spanish.

nkhani pachimake amaona mabuku, komanso kuganizira zotsatira za mpikisano kulenga.

chikuonetseratu Nkosafuna ikuchitika mu magawo awiri. Pa oyamba kusankhidwa ntchito yabwino kulenga, ndi kusankha kwachiwiri analengedwa mu mtima pofunsira, umene wakhalapo kwa kuyankhulana.

Pakuti bachelors apatsidwa mwayi kuti alembetse digiri (nthawi - zaka 2). Izi kamatha kuchititsa kuti kuyankhulana ndi kupereka diploma ya maphunziro apamwamba.

Kutalika kwa maphunziro a akatswiri mu maphunziro chachiwiri apamwamba ndi zaka 3. Mayesero pano ndi amodzi yopemphera kwa maphunziro kusukulu. Maphunziro zikuchitika pa maziko analipira, koma aliyense amapita nkhani aphunzitsi 'ndi makalasi mbuye akatswiri kutsogolera, kuphatikizapo ochita atolankhani kuchokera ku gwero kutsogolera TV.

Mtolankhani wamng'ono

Ophunzira sukulu 9 ndi 10 amene akufuna pokonzekera mayeso pakhomo, anachititsa utolankhani maphunziro. Kuti mutenge nawo mbali mu maphunziro pa pulogalamu, m'pofunika pochitika ntchito mayeso. Chiphatso akhale kuyendera ndi wina bungwe - "Young Mtolankhani School". Makalasi pa situdiyo sukulu kulemba nkhani ndi kuyankhulana kupirira. Utolankhani maphunziro miyezi 9. Kusukulu situdiyo maphunziro nthawi - 1 kapena 2 zaka. Utolankhani - changa, ndi kulimvetsa bwino pa ndili wamng'ono.

Akuti ngati mtolankhani wolemba, wotsutsa, osati kubadwa, koma amakhala. Komabe, ngati muona mwana wa chikondi kwa cholembera ndi pepala, luso kulemba ndi kulankhula kwa ena, maganizo awo ndi kumvera kwa munthu wina, ndiye inu ndithudi panjira ndi nsombazo kwa kholalo.