Uzbekistan, Khiva: zowoneka (kulongosola, chithunzi)

A mzinda wapadera, amene anaonekera zaka zoposa 2,500 zapitazo, Khiva (Uzbekistan) Chinthu chochititsa chidwi mu mbiri yake ndiponso zowoneka. Ndi mzinda ndi chikhalidwe chodabwitsa, chikhalidwe wakale ndi kalembedwe wapadera.

Maonekedwe a mumzindawo

Kodi lero ili Khiva (Uzbekistan), ndi kuthetsa poyamba, malingana ndi malo pofukula, anaonekera mu 4-3 Zakachikwi BC, izo linaikidwa pa magalimoto ambiri alenje ndi asodzi kaltaminarskoy chikhalidwe. Mu Zakachikwi 2 kale munali n'kupuma nyumba wongosamukasamuka ndi alimi. alimi Culture wosanganiza ndi miyambo imeneyi inabwera kuchokera Kumwera Urals pastoralists, anapanga chifukwa cha oyambirira Amirabad chikhalidwe cha oyambirira Mkuwa Age. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, atsamunda anakwanitsa mzake, koma ankadziwana Amu Darya konse kanthu. dera limeneli bwino ili njira zamalonda, ndipo anali ndi mwayi waukulu kwa nyama husbandry ndi ulimi.

Mbiri ya Khiva

Kenako nthano kuti Khiva analeredwa pakati pa chitsime, amene anakagwira bwino ndi madzi n'zosadabwitsa chokoma. Izi bwino anakumba mwaumbanda mwana wa Nowa Semu. Mzinda woyamba, amene analembedwa mu magwero olembedwa, wotchedwa Kheivak, ndiye pali analipo Horasmis, Hvarezm ndipo potsiriza Khorezm. Iye anadutsa mu nthawi ya chitukuko ndi kugonjetsa, anali likulu la dziko lalikulu Khorezm.

mzinda umene unachitikira pa mafumu woyamba Afrighids, ndiye mzinda anagonjetsa Aluya ndipo anakhala mbali ya boma Muslim. Ndiye olamulira anakwanitsa wina ndi mnzake: Mamunidov mafumu, ndi Ghaznavids, Seljuks, Anushteginidov. Mzindawu uli ndi ubwino zambiri kuti asamakangane, choncho nthawi zonse amayesetsa kugonjetsa olamulira osiyanasiyana.

Mu 1220, mzinda wawononga asilikali a Genghis Khan. Koma mwamsanga nakhalanso ndi kamodzinso amakhala nyambo chokoma. Choncho, nthawi Tamerlane asanu kuyesera mzinda ndi mphepo yamkuntho, ndipo mu 1388 potsiriza wamaliza. Kenako, mzinda akupitiriza yakubuluka dzanja m'manja. Mu zaka za m'ma 17, Khiva anakhala pakati wauzimu wa dziko la chisilamu, pali kumanga madrassas. Koma mzinda weniweni unafalikira ulamuliro wa Chiuzibeki mafumu kungrat.

18-19 atumwi inali nthawi yomanga ndi kudzikundikira chuma kwa mzinda. Mu 1873, chifukwa cha asilikali ntchito Khiva mbali ya Russian Ufumu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mzindawu ndi gawo la Chitekimeni dera. Umayamba ndi chitukuko mofulumira mzinda, masukulu ndi zipatala mukumangidwa pano. Mu 1919, Red Army kuugonjetsa mphamvu Khan alipo komanso kukhazikitsa dongosolo latsopano, mzinda ndi gawo la Soviet Union. Kuyambira 1924 Khiva ndi mbali ya Chiuzibeki SSR.

Kufunika kwa chikhalidwe dziko

Uzbekistan, Khiva mbiri yakale a m'gawo, amene anapanga mtundu wa chitukuko wakale. Apa timayenera Great silika Road, lomwe linali likulu la chitukuko.

Patapita zaka 8-9, malo awa kusewera yofunika ntchito zachuma ndi chikhalidwe m'chigawochi. The heyday wa Khiva ndi kumapeto 18 - chiyambi cha m'ma 20, pa nthawi ya Khanate wa Khiva. Hiva tsopano kukhala pakati pa ndale ndiponso zachuma, pali ankapeza chuma chambiri, izi zonse zimaonekera mu maonekedwe a mzinda, amene amalenga nyumba wapadera.

Pakali pano, mzinda wa Khiva (Uzbekistan), chithunzi chimene mbali yaing'ono chabe ya kusintha kosangalatsa onse, ndi mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe chipilala pamalo mndandanda wa malo otetezedwa ndi UNESCO. mzinda agawidwa m'magulu awiri: zakale ndi chi. Mmalire wa Old City zambiri zipilala kamangidwe ka chitetezo. Khiva ndi mtundu wa malo opatulika a chikhalidwe wakale kum'maŵa, mungasangalale zinkakhalira pa mzinda Asian zakale ndi kumva Mzimu wa nthawi zakale.

Khiva lero

Mu 1991, Uzbekistan, Khiva kuyamba moyo watsopano, akubwera ufulu, koma pali zonena za m'zigawozo Turkmenistan. Mbiri yakale, mzinda anali m'gulu la Chitekimeni Khanate, ndipo lero dziko ndikanafuna kuti mutengeko dziko lino.

Today Khiva - lalikulu Chiuzibeki mzinda ndi anthu a anthu 60 sauzande, ndi utumiki bwino anayamba zomangamanga. Uwu ndi mudzi wokongola kwambiri, palibe nyumba mkulu-nyamuka ndi zambiri magalimoto, utsalira m'mlengalenga anayeza a mizinda ya kum'mawa. Grand Bazaar - malo lotanganidwa komwe anthu, ngati zaka zambiri mu mzere, uthenga wawo, kulankhula, kudya.

Weather mu Khiva (Uzbekistan) omasuka kwambiri pano masiku 300 chaka dzuwa, mvula zambiri kubwera mu March ndi November. Mwezi yotentha - July pamene kutentha masana angafikire madigiri 38. Ndi kuchuluka kwa omasuka nyengo Hiva akhoza kupikisana ndi pogwiritsa ambiri mu dziko. Today Khiva - ndi anazindikira malo a ntchito zokopa alendo ku Uzbekistan, pali zinthu zonse holide okoma ndi chidwi. Asungidwa bwino zonse zokhudza mzinda ali ndi ubwino onse lamakonoli. Apa akuthamanga aya bwino ma, mahotela onse kupereka ntchito Intaneti, Khiva ndi mizinda ina ya dziko amagwirizana misewu yabwino, pali wokhazikitsidwa ndi yotchipa mathiransipoti.

Dziwani kuti ambiri, Uzbekistan - odekha ndiponso otetezeka dziko, pali pafupifupi ziro mlingo upandu, kutenga lalikulu kwa alendo - kuli kudulitsa pamene kugula katundu osiyanasiyana. Pano, monga kwina mu East, ogulitsa ndi ofunitsitsa malonda, ndi zina poyamba ananena chinthu cha mtengo wapatali kwa katundu wawo.

Kodi kuwona

Uzbekistan, Khiva amadziwika mbiri ndi chikhalidwe chawo zipilala. Alendo adzafunika masiku angapo kufufuza zokopa onse mumzindawo. Woyamba ndi kukwera pa nsanja dera limeneli limatchedwa-Sheikh Bobo kudzaona mzinda kuchokera kumwamba ndi kwa oyendetsa izo. Kuchokera kuonerera sitimayo limatithandiza chapadera cha mzinda ndi minarets ake, domes ndi mpanda. Komanso ofunika poona malinga ndi zipata za mzinda, ndi ofunika zipilala mbiri, pitani pa nyumba Tash-Hooley, madrasas Alla Kuli Khan ndi Amin Khan, ndi White Mosque. mwapadera ayenera kukhala Kunya-Likasa linga, amene wateteza chikuoneka cha m'ma 17. Okwana mzinda ili 60 dziko kalasi zokopa.

zomangamanga mzindawo

Wokongola dziko - Uzbekistan. Khiva, amene chidwi ndi chitetezo chabwino ndi wapadera, yotero. Only pano inu ingathandize kumiza nokha mu chikhalidwe cha mzinda wakale ndi kuona zigawo ambiri a kamangidwe ka Nthawi osiyana. Mu Khiva zomangamanga anasonyeza wakale miyambo Oriental, ndi kukhala wapadera mofanana, luso kulenga aakulu nyumba otchuka amene amagwedeza Interiors awo ndi Zithunzi.

Maonekedwe a mzinda kupanga minarets wapadera, mizikiti ndi madrasas wa denga, iwo kulenga Mipikisano mzinda njanji. Maonekedwe a kamangidwe ka mzinda linalengedwa zaka 18-19, koma nsalu za malo ndi woyenera nyumba mwangwiro ndi zambiri wakale. Mwachitsanzo, Sheikh Sayed Alauddin mausoleum kwa zaka za m'ma 14 ndi manda wapadera, chokongoletsedwa ndi majolica, ndi chitsanzo cha nkhanza zomangamanga Muslim. Kuwonjezera nyumba kachisi ndi zokhalamo mu Khiva mwangwiro anasunga m'madera zosamvetsetseka zogona, kuyenda m'misewu izi kulola kuti agwera kwambiri mu zaka ndi kumva zinkakhalira mzinda wakale kum'mawa.

Palace ya Tash-Hawley

Uzbekistan, Khiva wolemera mu nyumba zakale, ndi nyumba yachifumu Tash-Juli ndi imodzi mwa malo pakati pa iwo pa kufunika ndi kukongola. yachifumu ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi ornamentation yakulenga ya majolica, makamaka zamkati wokongola wa harem lapansi. The nyumba ndi chitsanzo cha mamangidwe a Khiva, buluu buluu makoma, alimbane ndi matailosi, pamthunzi m'mabwalo, m'mbale zosamvetsetseka nkhuni ndi zojambula pa makoma - zonsezi amalenga osakaniza wapadera wa mwanaalirenji ndi chitonthozo. Izi zogona yotentha ya Khan - mwaluso weniweni wa zomangamanga Chisilamu.

Luso la Ichan-Kala

mzinda wakale wa Khiva Ichan Kala - anasunga mbiri nyumba malo amene anaikira zokopa chachikulu. Mwa mpanda wa Ichan-Kala ndi chinthu onani, musaphonye Lachisanu Juma mzikiti ndi 212 chosema mizati matabwa za kukongola kwakukulu ndi kukongola, ndi minaret Kalta Minor, alimbane ndi njerwa Mipikisano wachikuda, ndi minaret apamwamba Islam Khodja. mwapadera Pakufunika madrassas, amene chokongoletsedwa ndi dongosolo lapadera la njerwa ndi matailosi ndi kusunga mzimu wa zaka za m'ma 18. The mitundu ya akale masitolo East akadali wapamwamba caravanserai Alla Kuli Khan.

Kayendedwe

Yopuma chidziwitso pali malo aakulu - Khiva, Uzbekistan. Kodi uku chodabwitsa? ndege ake mu mzinda, kotero malo kubwera makamaka Urgench. Apa kuwuluka flights mwachindunji ku ndege ambiri mu Russia. Visa Russian alendo safuna, kufika Khiva akhoza kutenga galimoto zomwe ndalama ndi wotchipa kwambiri kapena pa basi. Urgench ku Khiva ndi 34 zokha Km. Mu Uzbekistan, ndi kukhazikika bwino ntchito alendo, kotero inu mosavuta kugula malo ndi kusintha kwa Urgench, Bukhara ndi Tashkent. Pali maulendo mmizinda ya silika Road.

Zinthu kuchita

Uzbekistan, Khiva makamaka amapereka mipata yosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa. Mzindawu uli zingapo zakale chidwi zikuphatikizapo: Ufiti Museum, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona zinthu za blacksmiths, jewelers, oumba, weavers, ndi amisiri ena aluso; Museum wa Akutsatira Art ndi Moyo, kumene inu mukhoza kuwona zinthu za ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku anthu a m'mbuyo; Khorezm mbiri zakale, ndi kusonkhanitsa wapadera zokumbidwa pansi.

Kubwera kwa Khiva, mutsimikize zakudya dziko, makamaka chifukwa chakuti pali zinthu zonse izi. Pali zambiri odziwika chakudya ogulitsira, mungapezeko kulawa weniweni Chiuzibeki manti, samsa, pilaf, Shurpa. Khiva kalekale wotchuka pakuti mphesa zake, amene wakhala nkhani ya katundu mu masiku a Roma, ndipo ndithudi ofunika tiyese hivanskie mavwende kuti kulawa mouthwatering.

nthawi Free akhoza zoyenera Khiva kugula pachiyambi, mugule yachilendo zoumbaumba m'deralo, zovala dziko, mitengo, zodzikongoletsera.