Vasily Chapayev: yochepa mbiri ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi. Chapaev Vasiliy Ivanovich: chidwi madeti ndi mfundo

Anabadwa Vasily Chapaev February 9, 1887 m'mudzi waung'ono Budayka, pa malire a m'chigawo Kazan. Lero malo ili ndi gawo la Cheboksary - likulu la Chuvashia. Ndi chiyambi Chapaev anali Russian - izo nkhani mwanayo chimodzi m'banja lalikulu wamba. Pamene Basil inali nthawi kuphunzira, makolo ake anasamukira ku Balakovo (Saratov dera ano, ndiye - Samara Province).

zaka zoyambirira

mnyamata imatumizidwa ku sukulu, anawatumiza m'matchalitchi. Atate wake ankafuna kuti akhale wansembe Basil. Komabe, moyo wotsatira wa mwana wake anali ndi chochita ndi Mpingo. Mu 1908 Vasily Chapaev anali usilikali. Iye anatumidwa kwa Ukraine mu Kiev. Pazifukwa zina, asilikali atabwerera malo pamaso mapeto a moyo utumiki.

White mawanga biographies wa chosintha wotchuka zokhudzana ndi kusowa banal zolembedwa umboni. Mu historiography Soviet wakhala maganizo boma kuti Vasily Chapayev kwenikweni anakankhidwira kunja wa asilikali chifukwa cha maganizo ake. Koma palibe zopelekedwa umboni kwa chiphunzitso ichi palibe.

The First World nkhondo

Mu yamtendere, Vasily Chapaev ntchito monga kalipentala ndipo ankakhala ndi banja lake m'mudzi wa Dimitrovgrad. Mu 1914 First World nkhondo, ndipo asilikali ndi katundu kachiwiri usilikali mu asilikali lachifumu. Chapaev anali mu 82nd oyenda Division, nkhondo Austrians ndi Germany wotchedwa Galicia ndi Volyn. Kutsogolo, analandira ndi George Cross, choipa ndi mutu wa mkulu sanali analamula kapitawo.

Chifukwa kulephera kwa kumbuyo Chapayeva anatumizidwa ku chipatala Saratov. Pali anga moni February utasintha. Wochiritsidwayo, Vasili anaganiza kuti agwirizane ndi Bolsheviks, ndipo iye anachita September 28, 1917. matalente ake ankhondo ndi luso anamupatsa malangizo abwino mu nkhani za kuyandikira Civil nkhondo.

Mu Red Army

Kumapeto kwa 1917 Chapaev Vasiliy Ivanovich anasankhidwa mkulu wa malo Regiment chilili Nikolaevsk. Lero, mzinda chikudziwika ngati Pugachev. Nthawi yoyamba msilikali wakale wa asilikali tsarist bungwe m'dera Red Alonda a Bolsheviks anakhazikitsa munali mu mphamvu. Choyamba, anthu 35 okha anali mu chipani chake. Kwa Bolsheviks limodzi ndi osauka, alimi, millers, ndi zina zotero .. Mu January 1918 Chapayevites kumenyana ndi kumumenya m'dera, kusakhutira ndi October kuukira boma. Pang'onopang'ono, kumuwombera adakula anakula kuyamika Kukwezeleza ndi kuphana kupambana zothandiza.

Izi mapangidwe asilikali posachedwapa anasiya nyumba banja ndi kupita kunkhondo ndi azungu. Pano, malire m'munsi wa Volga kukhala magulu amanyansidwa ya General Kaledin. Chapayev Vasily Ivanovich anatenga gawo ntchito yolimbana ndi mtsogoleri wa White kuyenda. nkhondo Ofunika sikunathe pafupi ndi mzinda wa Tsaritsyn, umene panthawi imeneyo unali komanso kulinganiza wa chipanichi, Stalin.

Pugachev timu

Pambuyo Kaledin amanyansidwa bogged pansi, yonena Chapaeva Vasiliya Ivanovicha anali zogwirizana ndi kum'mawa Front. Ndi kasupe wa 1918, Bolsheviks ankalamulira yekha mbali European la Russia (ndipo ngakhale ndiye si onse). Kummawa, kuchokera kumanzere mtsinje wa Volga, anakhalabe mphamvu woyera.

Ambiri Chapaev anamenyana ndi Anthu a Gidiau Komuch ndi Czech Corps. May 25, anaganiza Sinthani dzina Kumvetsela wake kwa Red alonda Regiment dzina la Stepan Razin ndi Pugachev Regiment m'malo. maina atsopano kukhala otchula atsogoleri otchuka wa zipolowe otchuka m'dera Volga mu XVII ndi XVIII atumwi. Choncho, Chapaev akusonyeza ananena kuti mbali Bolshevik kuteteza ufulu wa strata m'munsi mwa anthu dziko pa nkhondo - wamba ndi antchito. August 21, 1918 asilikali atathamangitsidwa iye kuchokera Nikolaevsk Czechoslovak Corps. Patapita (mu November) Mutu Pugachevskaya Brigade anayambitsa renaming wa mzindawo Pugachev.

Kumenyana ndi Czechoslovak Corps

Chapayevites yotentha kwa nthawi yoyamba anaonekera kunja kwa mzinda wa Uralsk, litatenga White Czechs. Ndiye Red alonda anayenera abwerere chifukwa chosowa chakudya ndi zida. Koma pambuyo bwino Nikolaevsk pa magawano anatembenuka khumi analanda makina mfuti ndi zina zambiri zothandiza requisitioned katundu. Ndi zabwino Chapayevites kupita kukamenyana ndi anthu a Gidiau Komuch.

11 zikwi mbali zida za White kayendedwe Anaphwanya Volga kuti acikaphatana na anyakhondo a Cossack Ataman Krasnov. Maonekedwe anali nthawi theka zochepa. Ziri kufanana chomwecho anali poyerekeza manja. Komabe, kusiyana izi sanaleke Pugachev timu yopuma ndi kumwaza mdani. Pa yowopsa opaleshoni yonena Chapaeva Vasiliya Ivanovicha zinadziwika kuti dera lonse Volga. Ndipo chifukwa propaganda Soviet, dzina lake anaonekera pa kumva mu dziko lonse. Komabe, izo zinachitika pambuyo pa imfa ya mtsogoleri wotchuka magawano.

mu Moscow

Mu kugwa kwa 1918 Academy ya General ndodo ya Red Army analandira ophunzira oyamba. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Chapaev Vasiliy Ivanovich. Mwachidule yonena za munthu uyu anali odzaza ndi mitundu yonse ya nkhondo. Iye anachititsa anthu ambiri Kumvetsela okha.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye sanapite ku sukulu. kupambana pa Red Army CHapaev akwaniritsa kuyamika nzeru yake ya chibadwidwe ndi wachikoka. Koma tsopano ndi nthawi kumaliza maphunzirowa mu Academy ya General Wogwila iye.

chithunzi Chapaeva

Mkulu magawano sukulu anagunda ena, pa dzanja limodzi, prytkost malingaliro ake, ndi pa zina - umbuli wa osavuta mfundo maphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, yodziwika mbiri anecdote, umene umati Chapaev sanakhoza pa mapu kumene London ndi Mtsinje khoka, monga chabe ndinalibe lingaliro la moyo wawo. Mwina ndi kusinjirira, monga chirichonse chimene chikugwirizana ndi nkhani imodzi mwa ziwerengero kwambiri lodziwika bwino kwa Civil nkhondo, koma ndi zovuta kukana kuti mutu wa m'gulu Pugachev anali ankaikira magulu m'munsi Komabe, kokha kupindula fano lake mwa mbali.

Inde, bata kumbuyo Moscow languished kotero amphamvu ndipo sanali kukhala komabe anthu ngati Chapayev Vasily Ivanovich. Quick Kupha mwatsatanetsatane umbuli sanathe kumuchititsa kuganiza kuti mkulu magawano malo okha kutsogolo. Kangapo analemba ku likulu ndi pempho kuti mupewe mu pakatikati pa zinthu. Pa nthawiyi n'kuti February 1919 pa kum'mawa Front anali aggravation wina kugwirizana ndi atali-amanyansidwa wa Kolchak. Chakumapeto yozizira Chapaev potsiriza anabwerera asilikali kwawo.

Kachiwiri pa kutsogolo

Mkulu wa 4 Army Mikhail Frunze Chapayeva yoikidwiratu mkulu wa 25 Division, chimene akulamulirani mpaka imfa yake. Kwa miyezi sikisi mapangidwe ichi, wopangidwa makamaka a kulemba anthu usilikali proletarian unachitika ambiri ntchito mwatsatanetsatane oyera. Ndi apa kuti Chapaev kwambiri anatsegula monga mtsogoleri nkhondo. Mu Division 25, anamva kudadziwika zikomo dziko kuti ulaliki moto kutsogolo kwa asilikali. Kudulidwa mkulu ambiri anali nthawi zonse neotryvayas kwa atumiki ake. Izi makamaka zimaonekera chikondi khalidwe la Civil nkhondo, kenako akutamandidwa mabuku Union.

Vasily Chapaev, amene yonena ikunenedwa ya iye ngati mbadwa ankaikira misa ndi ana awo anakumbukira ubale wolimba ndi anthu ambiri munthu mmodzi waudindo wapamwamba wa Red Army amene anamenya nawo Volga ndi steppes Ural.

tactician

Monga njira ndi CHapaev katswiri njira zingapo kuti bwino ntchito pa gulu la ulendo kum'mawa. Mbali khalidwe anali kuti opareshoni kwayekha ku anagwirizana mayunitsi. Chapayevites nthawi anakhala kutsogolo. Ankamangirira nagonjetsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri anamaliza kuchokera mdani paokha. Za Basil Chapaeva amadziwika kuti ankakonda njira za mchitidwe. Gulu lake kusiyana ndi liwiro ndi kuyenda. White zambiri musakhale ndi magulu ake, ngakhale iwo ankafuna counterattack.

Chapaev nthawizonse pa limodzi la flanks wa gulu mwapadera okonzeka, amene anali anakantha molimba nkhondo. Ndi mchitidwe uwu, Red Army zimabweretsa chisokonezo mu chiwerengero cha mdani ndipo wazunguliridwa ndi adani ake. Nkhondoyo ili makamaka woyendera nthambi steppe, asilikali nthawi zonse anali malo Papayu ndi. Nthawizina iwo amatenga khalidwe wakulungama, koma Chapayevites nthawi zonse mwayi. Komanso, olimba mtima anayambitsa otsutsa anaima screeching.

Ufa ntchito

Chapayev konse anachita Chinsinsi. Mkati mwa nkhondo, iye akanakhoza kupereka dongosolo mosayembekezeka, amene akutembenukira njira ya zochitika mozondoka. Mwachitsanzo, mu May 1919, pamene kumenyana pafupi Bugulma, magawano mkulu anayambitsa kuukira kutsogolo chachikulu, ngakhale riskiness zoterozo mchitidwe.

Relentlessly kum'mawa kusuntha Vasily Chapaev. Mwachidule yonena za kazembe ndi kakunena za kupambana Ufa ntchito, imene anagwidwa ndi likulu tsogolo la Bashkiria. Usiku anali ndinayamba White Mtsinje pa June 8, 1919. Tsopano, Ufa anakhala ankamasulira kwa pasadakhale winanso wa Red kum'mawa.

Popeza Chapayevites akhala chapatsogolo kuukira, akuwoloka choyamba White, iwo kwenikweni okha atazunguliridwa. mkulu Division yekha anavulazidwa mutu, koma anapitiriza lamulo, kukhala mwachindunji pakati pa asilikali ake. Womutsatira anali Mikhail Frunze. Nkhondo kowawa, ndi Red Army atathamangitsidwa msewu ndi msewu. Amakhulupirira kuti ndiye White anafuna kuleka adani otchedwa zamatsenga kuukira. nkhani imeneyi maziko a umodzi wa zithunzi otchuka a chipembedzo cha kanema "Chapaev".

imfa

Pakuti mchigonjetso Ufa Vasily Chapaev analandira dongosolo la Red mbendela. M'chaka, iye ndi Gulu lake linali kuteteza ikuyandikira kwa Volga. Mkulu magawano anali mmodzi wa Bolshevik woyamba wagwidwa Samara. Ndi sachita mwachindunji kwa mzinda pamalo abwino zofunika potsiriza anatengedwa ndi kuyeretsedwa ku Czechs.

Mwa yophukira oyambirira Chapaev anali pa Ural Mtsinje. 5 September, pamene Lbischenske pamodzi ndi ndodo yake, iye ndi kugawikana ake anafera kuukira mwadzidzidzi woyera Cossacks. Iwo anali mwamuna wolimba mtima anaukira kwambiri mdani, bungwe ndi General Nikolai Borodin. Cholinga cha kuukira anakhala kwakukulukulu kudzikonda Chapaev, amene anakhala mutu tcheru kuti White. Pankhondo imeneyi, mkulu magawano anaphedwa.

Chikhalidwe Union ndi mabodza Chapaev unali wapadera kwa khalidwe otchuka. Kulenga chithunzi amene anapanga filimu Vasilyev abale, wokondedwa kuphatikizapo Stalin. Mu 1974, nyumba yomwe Chapaev Vasiliy Ivanovich anabadwa, anasanduka owonetsera zakale wake. Dzina la mkulu magawano dzina lake m'madera ambiri.