Violet munda: kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Pansy maluwa, mu njira sayansi - Garden violet, ndi ngale uliwonse bedi maluwa, kumene anabzala. Kusamalira zomera yosavuta mosavuta aliyense choncho novice tsvetovodnom. Ndipo kodi zosiyanasiyana mitundu ndi mithunzi! Iyo inali kudzakula yekha Lilac ndi violet lonse, choncho dzina. Modern munda violets maluwa a bedi duwa lofiira, nsaru achikasu, lalanje ndi ngakhale woyera utoto. Ngati mukufuna chinachake chapadera, ndi veleveti pamakhala wakuda ndendende kukopa tcheru.

Kodi mtundu wa mbewu - violet?

Dzina la maluwa amachokera wakale Roma "viola" ndipo ntchito mu zolemba Pliny ndi Virgil. Violet munda, zithunzi zosiyanasiyana zimene zili m'nkhani ino - ndi mbewu wamkulu horticultural. Iye zaka ziwiri zapitazo, Aroma ndi Agiriki ntchito nkhata kukongoletsa malo.

Kumapeto kwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu m'ma katswiri ku Russia P. S. Sitimayo inagunda, kuti ankaphunzira Altai zomera, anabweretsa St. Petersburg kwa nthawi yoyamba maluwa ku Altai.

Violet - mbali imodzi, awiri kapena perennials. masamba anakonza mu mzere kapena kupita ku prikornevischnuyu kubwereketsa. Maluwa wosakwatiwa, chapamwamba phula kakang'ono kuposa anthu m'munsi, ndi nyanga outgrowth kapena thumba woboola pakati pa maziko a. Chipatso cha violets - kapisozi, mbewu kusunga luso la pamwamba kwa zaka ziwiri.

The mtundu wa mbewu ali pafupifupi 500 mitundu imene anthu ambiri padziko lonse. Pali mitundu chilombo nakulitsa.

mitundu ya violets

Ambiri wamaluwa ankachita masewera mwakula pa mabedi awo a mitundu violets m'munda, makamaka biennials kapena annuals. Mbali khalidwe la mitundu awa ndi iwo pachimake mu kasupe oyambirira ndi maluwa kumira mu chisanu. Kuposa ena a mtundu wachita mizu Russia pansy.

Koma pali view wina - violet osatha munda. Ndi angathe azikongoletsa duwa bedi kapena pa bedi kwa zaka. Koma osatha munda violet kusangalala kuyang'ana wopatsa ndi wapamwamba limamasula yekha mu kasupe, chilimwe kuyambira kusiya zotsatira kukongoletsa chifukwa mapangidwe kuika bolls. njirayi ndi monga anakudzula yake wilted maluwa zidzathandiza kuti kuwonjezela nthawi maluwa. Kawirikawiri wamkulu monga perennials ndi onunkhira violet Viola cornuta.

osowa violet

Dziwani mitundu zina za zomera zaka zambiri. Izi woyera violet munda. Mu chikhalidwe, izo zikukula mu clearings nkhalango, m'mbali nkhalango kapena udzu wa steppe.

Izi wokongola yaing'ono mbewu kwa masentimita 12, Rosette masamba ofanana ndi mtima triangular. Maluwa ndi chosiyana lokoma kununkhira. White violet akhoza kuchulukitsa vegetatively kapena mbewu zomwe zili mu bokosi mu n'kuwasanganiza cheya.

Violet limamasula kuchokera March kuti May, ndi kuchokera May kwa July, fruiting. Chimakula mu masiketi, mu Ukraine (mu Transcarpathia), ndipo mu malo ena mu Crimea.

Vuto ndi mtundu uwu ndi woyera violet munda (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) kusiyiratu. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuti kugwedezeka lotseguka tchire ndi dambo otsetsereka, kuwonongedwa bushland zinthu zachilengedwe kusintha. Ndipo chifukwa anthu violets choyera makamaka akutali, ndiye wolithetsa zina zovuta.

Kubwezeretsedwa anthu a violets woyera m'mikhalidwe wapadera - minda botanical - ndi kukuteteza.

Zinthu kukula

Munda Violet wakonda dzuwa kapena pang'ono shaded m'madera omwe chonde bwino chatsanulidwa nthaka. Mu kouma, zomera zosowa kuthirira, mwinamwake maluwa ndi maluwa m'mbuyo mwina amasiya kuvuta.

Ngakhale kuti violet - chinyezi-wachikondi zomera, iwo sangakhoze kulekerera chinyezi muyeso, ndipo akhoza kungoyankha kuphedwa pa m'firiji pamtunda vernal.

zomera mosavuta kulekerera shading kapena ayi amphamvu kuwala yozungulira, koma mapangidwe maluwa ambiri ndi maluwa zambiri n'chotheka m'madera bwino anayatsa. Mu malo zomwe zili zobisika kwa dzuwa ndipo sachedwa dampness, Violet zikhoza kukhala kuwononga slugs.

Violet munda amalima osatha maluwa ayamba kupeza miyoyo. Ingokwezani monga annuals kapena biennials. Nthawi zambiri izi chifukwa chakuti kwambiri kukopedwa pa nthawi zimayambira violet, ndi maluwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kukula. Zoonekeratu kuti aliyense kuti n'kosavuta ndipo mofulumira kudzala mbewu ina.

annuals

The mizu ndi fibrous pachaka violets, mwachitsanzo, palibe muzu waukulu, koma pali ambiri rootlets yaing'ono. Iwo kusinthitsa zopezera lonse dothi pamwamba kuya sukupita kwina. Zimayambira nthambi pa nthambi iliyonse zambiri kuwululidwa mwa maluwa ochepa. Maluwa Annuals lalikulu kwambiri, mpaka 10 cm. Munda lapachaka violet ndi kukongoletsa kokha chitsamba cm 20 kutalika.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu zotsatirazi wa zaka yemweyo:

1. Chalon Supreme - mndandanda wa mitundu ndi ryushevidnymi maluwa semisantimetrovymi wokongola kwambiri.
2. Rose mithunzi - zosiyanasiyana ndi wotumbululuka pinki pamakhala ndi chibakuwa chapakati malo.
3. Cherry Pie Mix - wofiirira kapena mdima amtundu wina maluwa ndi felemu woyera.
4. Lawi - ndi mtundu wa mtundu moto wofiira, m'mphepete mwa piping lalanje.
5. Amphaka - chidwi mndandanda wa mitundu. Yodziwika mu likulu la maluwa Tingaone kujambula, ofanana mphaka kuipanikiza.
6. Jema - mndandanda cholinga mwachindunji m'madera otentha.

mitundu osatha a violets

Violet osatha munda, mitundu kuti chithunzi kukongola kwake ali otchuka pakati wamaluwa kusangalala. Mitundu zotsatirazi makamaka wamba:

1. Viola odorata - onunkhira violet. Ndithu wodzichepetsa, onunkhira kwambiri mbewu, pafupifupi 15 masentimita wamtali. Ali zokwawa zimayambira kuti mizu mosavuta, masamba ndi mtima woboola pakati mitolo. Maluwa pafupifupi masentimita atatu kukula akhoza kukhala wophweka kapena Terry ndi zambiri ofiirira kapena buluu mitundu. Kununkhira kumatheka madzulo.
2. Viola cornuta - Viola cornuta. Ndi zomera osatha wa masentimita pafupifupi 8 mpaka 20 wamtali. Maluwa a mitundu amadziŵika ndi pamaso pa paphiri khalidwe kumbali kumbuyo. maluwa kukula zomera ranges ku masentimita wina ndi zinayi, mtundu uli makamaka woyera buluu-chikasu zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito m'munda wa violets mu kamangidwe ka nyumba

Violet munda, kubzala ndi chisamaliro zomwe sizidzipezera angabweretse mavuto ndi yofunika ntchito kamangidwe ka minda ya m'mapiri. Pa phiri kapena mosabisa rockeries kulengedwa kuchokera mwala, iye ndi zabwino kwambiri komanso yokongola chifukwa cha kukula kwake laling'ono, limene limatsindikanso thanthwe.

M'munda wa violets amagwiritsidwa ntchito yokongola rabatok, mabedi maluwa ndi malire. Good kumverera kwa zomera pakati tchire ndi mitengo, pafupi matupi a madzi. Ndipo iwo ali oyenera kukula zosiyanasiyana mapoto munda, muli ndi mabokosi khonde. chidwi kwambiri kuyang'ana onse a mangongo ndi maluwa awa chikondi.

Kwambiri zinthu violets mu owerengeka nthaka - miphika kapena mapoto. mbewu - yabwino ntchito mu Mipikisano msinkhu ndi kuthandiza chilengedwe cha magulu ang'ono ndi lalikulu potted.

Onunkhira violet mwangwiro anabzala pafupi malo patchuthi, kapena kutsogolo kwa mazenera m'munda kutsogolo.

Garden violet mu malo m'tawuni

Malo a mzinda mwakhama ntchito violet munda osatha. Photo mabedi a zomera ndi kwabasi kwambiri.

Violets moyenerera wa maluwa perennials herbaceous, koma ntchito zawo kamangidwe ka ensembles m'tawuni n'zochepa kwambiri. Kwenikweni oletsa kukula yawo yochepa maluwa nthawi. Izi zimachititsa mavuto kusankha zibwenzi ndi mayikidwe a violets mu nyimbo ya.

Pakuti kukongola ndi kuchuluka kwa violets nthawi kuyikidwa mu magulu kapena yamawangamawanga. The magulu zofunika kwambiri iwo anabzala, m'pamenenso chaululidwa kukongoletsa, onunkhira, maluwa okongola.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zomera ambiri mwapadera edging maluwa zitsamba, ananyamuka tchire kapena mapangidwe malo makapeti, amene amapereka kwabasi ndi zingwe kukongola gulu loyimba lonse.

Komanso violet wabwino pa m'mbali mwa maluwa mabedi mixborders kapena kumene maluwa ndi anabzala mu mzere woyamba moti ankatha kuona. Chabwino, ngati nthawi ya kusamba maluwa chikugwirizana ndi maluwa chomera amene anabzala kumbuyo kwa bedi maluwa.

Kubzala ndi kuswana violets

Kaya zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, violets osatha munda, chisamaliro ndi kuswana amene sudzapereka inu vuto lililonse bwino omwazika ndi kudzikonda seeding. Pamanja monga iwo zimafalitsidwa ndi cuttings, kufesa mbewu kapena layering (by nagawira tchire):

1. Cuttings tadulidwa kuchokera May kwa June. Zimayambira violets anawagawa intervals zisanu centimeter. Aliyense chidutswa oterowo kuthawa ndi mfundo zitatu. Onse a maluwa ndi masamba (muyenera kusiya atatu) kuchokamo, ndi cuttings linapendekeka mwakuya mu chidebe ndi lachonde lonyowa nthaka 1 cm. Patangotha mwezi kuchitika tichotseretu ndi chomera kuziika pa malo okhazikika ndi mtunda pakati pa tchire 10-30 cm.
2. Pakuti cuttings kusankha mbali ya thunthu yaitali ndipo anawerama pansi, ikuthandizira pini ndi kuwaza malo ndi dothi. Patatha mwezi umodzi, dinani mizu ndipo akhoza anapambulwa.
3. njira ina kubalana - ndi kugawa chitsamba - ndi nyanga viola chifukwa cha wapadera, nthambi mu njira zonse pomwepo kenaka kumene kukula tchire wamng'ono. Total chitsamba kukumba ndi kugawa m'magulu.

Kufesa mbewu violets

Chabwino zimafalitsidwa ndi mbewu Violet munda osatha. Kubzala ndi chisamaliro kuyambira mu kugwa. mbewu yatsopano chifesedwa mu September m'nthaka, ndi mphukira lotsatira masika kuonekera.

Kufesa mbewu pansy kubzala zimadalira zolinga za:

1. Pakuti annuals mmera chifesedwa mu April oyambirira pamene kutentha limatuluka kuti +10 ° C. Pambuyo kufesa mbewu mwachibwana ndi nthaka ndi yokutidwa pritrushivayutsya filimu. Patapita mlungu umodzi kumera zinamera. Pamene mbande adzakhala masamba zinayi, iwo anabzala mu malo okhazikika.
2. Pakuti ankafika pa zaka ziwiri mbewu yofesedwa pa June chilekaniro munda. Pomwepo pa bedi maluwa sizifesa, choncho samadziwika angati ati kumera. Ngati mulibe kukwera onse, padzakhala "dazi banga." Patapita milungu ingapo zimaswa zikumera, pambuyo zikamera wa masamba awiri woona wa madzi mbewu. Mu chilimwe, zomera achinyamata anabzala mu malo okhazikika ndi mtunda wa 10-15 cm. Iwo adzaphuka mpaka chaka chamawa, koma maluwa adzakhala yokulirapo ndi kudzakhala.

Care violet

Ambiri, viola - undemanding chomera. Koma pali zina za zinthu zimene ayenera kumwedwa nkhani mu kulima ake.

Violet kupeza malo dzuwa. Koma akhoza kukula mu mthunzi tsankho, koma zimayambira ake kuyamba mwachangu kutambasula ndi kutaya mawonekedwe chitsamba chilichonse.

Onetsetsani nthawi zambiri zofunika kuthirira mbewu: izo amakonda chinyezi. Koma ngati bedi ndi zoti maganizo, ndiye inu muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti palibe madzi patsogolo.

Masabata angapo kudyetsa violets akhoza kugwiritsa fetereza kwa maluwa zomera, koma kupewa atsopano organic: ali ndi anachita zoipa viola lapansi.

Maluwa kuti zokha, m'pofunika mwadongosolo akuphedwa, kotero mbewu adzayang'ana yaitali caress maluwa.

Mu yotentha kwambiri, zimayambira kukula mofulumira viola ndi chitsamba chilichonse wotaya zotsatira zake kukongoletsa. Kuti abwerere chomera kwa mawonekedwe yaying'ono, tiyenera kudula. Nkosafuna kudula mphukira ndi maluwa. The zimayambira ayenera kukhala kutalika za 8 cm. Kale patapita masabata a Viola adzakhala kutsitsimutsa ndipo adzapitiriza pachimake kachiwiri.

Iwo samakonda zosaphika ndi yozizira munda violets. Kubzala ayenera mosavuta yokutidwa ndi nthambi spruce nthambi Oil kapena masamba a mitengo.

Tizirombo ndi matenda

Ngati mbewu iliyonse munda, Violet umamumvera kuwonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. The akuluakulu ndi:

1. Zimayambira, masamba ndi masamba kukwapula powdery cinoni, kangaude limapezeka zolengeza ndi madontho akuda. Kuchizidwa kupopera ndi wothandizila antifungal.
2. Masamba chidwi banga, mbewu uphwetsa, nthenda kungapitirire ngakhale mu mbewu. M'pofunika kuwononga ndi kukumba bedi, ndondomeko zimapangidwira.
3. Maziko a tsinde amakhala n'kakang'ono ndi mdima. Iwo blackleg. Chifukwa - mbewu unakhuthala wosweka kuwala mode ndi chinyezi. The mabedi ayenera kumasula, thinned ndi kuchizidwa ndi bowa.
4. maluwa ndi ofalitsidwa ndi botrytis - fluffy zolengeza ku lawola. Chifukwa - kuwala pang'ono, ambiri a chinyontho ndi asafe. Chithandizo tichipeza kupatulira, mpweya, fetereza. Amafunikanso mankhwala mankhwala.
5. The zomera May ndi June anakhudzidwa mayendedwe Clover cutworm ndi ngale violet. M'pofunika utsi kulowetsedwa fodya ndi hlorofosom pamene mbozi wamng'ono.