Virgin mafano. Icon "mwachikondi" la Namwali Wodalitsidwa. mozizwitsa chizindikirochi

Image wa Virgin - kwambiri akulemekezedwa pakati pa Akristu. Koma makamaka chikondi mu Russia. M'zaka za m'ma XII izo anakhazikitsa mpingo watsopano holide - Chitetezo cha Virigo. Icon ndi fano lake wakhala kachisi waukulu akachisi ambiri. Namwali Wodalitsidwa chinaoneka monga woyang'anira ndi mtetezi wa Russia. Novgorod chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu "mwachikondi" n'zimene chifaniziro cha Byzantine, olembedwa kumapeto kwa zaka zino.

M'zaka za m'ma XIV Moscow potsiriza inasandulika chilikati cha Orthodox mu Russia, ndi Cathedral wa Akukwera pa nthawi dzina lake "Nyumba ya Virgin."

Chiyambi cha iconography ndi

Chithunzi choyamba Lady athu a mbiri zinamangidwa chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino. Mu mphanga ya Priskily mitu ndi zithunzi za Virigo apezeka kuti unayamba II atumwi. Zifanizo za Namwali Wodalitsidwa pa chiyambi cha Chikhristu, anali ntchito kwa muli kwa zofukiza. ampoules amenewa, chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi m'Baibulo anali kuperekedwa kwa pafupifupi 600, Mfumukazi ya Lombards Theodelinda.

Woyamba amatulutsa Namwali Wodalitsidwa

M'chaka cha 431 Bungwe la ku Efeso ovomerezedwa Maria lopitirira ufulu amatchedwa mayi a Mulungu. Pambuyo awo zimenezi anaonekera chithunzi cha Virgin mu mawonekedwe mwachizolowezi kwa ife. Iwo anapulumuka zithunzi angapo nyengo. Iwo Virgin Mary zambiri aonekera pansi pa mpando atanyamula mwana.

Chifanizo cha Amayi a Mulungu amapezeka mu Zithunzi oyambirira kuti akakometsere akachisi akale. Kuti zinthu monga:

• Mpingo wa Roma Santa Madzhore (inalembedwa kale V m'ma);

• m'ma VII mpingo wa Panagia Angeloktisti inali ku Cyprus.

Koma amisiri ku Constantinople akanakhoza kupereka chithunzi ichi umodzi wapadera. Mpingo wa St. Sophia anatchuka chifukwa Zithunzi ake IX-XII zaka omwe pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya iconography wa Virgin. Byzantium - malo a zithunzi zazikulu za Namwali Wodalitsidwa. Mmodzi wa zithunzi izi anabweretsedwa ku Russia. Kenako, dzina lake Vladimir ndipo wakhala miyeso yolinganizira wa Russian Orthodox iconography. Novgorod chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu "mwachikondi" ndi, monga tanenera kale, buku la fano Byzantine.

Mitundu mafano Marian

Lakutali iconography 4 waukulu chithunzi gulu Koyera namwali ndi lingaliro lalikulu:

• "Podziwa" (a Baibulo truncated ankatchedwa "Orans"). Mtundu iconographic imatengedwa kwambiri ano zimalimbikitsa zili zamulungu. Nkhani yaikulu pano - m'thupi.

• "Hodegetria" omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Greek amatanthauza "Putevoditelnitsa".

• "Mwachikondi" - dzina kuchokera Greek "Eleousa" ( "achifundo").

• Yachinayi ali conventionally otchedwa Akafistnym. Ganizo zofunika mafano - kulemekeza Mulungu Amayi. Zithunzi izi yosiyanasiyana.

Mtundu iconographic a "Kudziwa"

Mu gulu ili recensions Virgin Woyera anaimiriridwa kupemphera. Umaimiridwa ndi zonse m'litali kapena m'chiuno akuya. Pa nganga ya amayi a Khristu ndi medallion ndi chithunzi cha mwana wosabadwa Mpulumutsi. Icon wa akupemphera Virgin limaimira kubadwa mwa namwali kwa Khristu, mgwirizano wa amayi ndi wa Mwana Woyera. mtundu Izi zikuphatikizapo Oranta Yaroslavl, Kursk Muzu, Novgorod "The malodza". Oranta - wosalira Baibulo mafano omwe Virgin ukufanizidwa popanda mwana ndi chizindikiro cha mpingo.

Iconography "Hodegetria"

A mtundu sizachilendo wa Marian zithunzi. mafano amenewa la Virigo ndi Mwana kutchula mfundo yakuti Amayi a Mulungu amatitsogolera ku chikhulupiriro, kwa Khristu. Namwali akufotokozedwa frontally oplechno kapena nthawi zina, nthawi zina oonekera. Pa mbali imodzi iye wanyamula, ndi mfundo zina za Yesu. kuchita zimenezi kuli ndi tanthauzo lakuya. Virgin chimasonyeza ngati njira woona - kwa Mulungu, ndi chikhulupiriro.

Khristu ndi dzanja limodzi amadalitsa mayi, ndi iye ndi okhulupirika. Mu zina - atagwira bukhu, kukodzedwa kapena anakomoka mpukutu. Osachepera - orb ndi ndodo. Wotchuka chithunzi cha Virigo wa mtundu uwu: Smolensk, Iver, Tikhvin, Peter, Kazan.

The iconography wa Virgin "mwachikondi"

Izi zithunzi - ndi m'nyimbo ochuluka a iwo, chimene chimafotokoza Amayi a Mulungu ndi mwanayo, kukumbatirana khosi lake. Images wa mayi ndi mwana - chizindikiro cha Khristu ndi Mpingo wa Khristu.

A kusuntha mtundu - "Vzygranie". Apa mwana zinalembedwa mu malo free, ndi dzanja limodzi iye wokhudza nkhope ya Virgin.

Images awa a Mary ndi chizindikiro osati mayi koma kwa moyo pafupi ndi Mulungu. kukhudza nonse nkhope awiri - Khristu ndi Mpingo wa Khristu, mgwirizano wa padziko lapansi ndi kumwamba.

Pali zosiyanasiyana wina wa mtundu uwu - "Milkgiver". Izi ndi zizindikiro za Virigo amayamwitsa chakudya makanda. Choncho mophiphiritsira akamachita chakudya chauzimu kwa okhulupirika.

Volokolamskaya, Vladimir, Yaroslavl zithunzi za Virigo ndi mafano iyi mtundu wachithunzi zopatulika.

"Akafistnye" chithunzi cha Virgin

Images wa mtundu uwu zambiri kunyamula mbali ya mfundo, koma mfundo zina ndi mfundo. Izi iconography monga zithunzi monga "choyaka," Dona Wathu - "Moyo wopatsa Spring", Lady athu - "phiri Nerukosechnaya".

Ostrabramskaya-Wilensky, "Softener Kuipa Mitima" - ochepa chabe chithunzi cha Virgin, imene akufotokozedwa popanda mwanayo. Kawirikawiri iwo umatchedwanso "Akafistnym". Mmodzi wa iwo, Seraphim Diveevo mafano "mwachikondi" wa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa, inali njira ankakonda Serafima Sarovskogo, canonized pambuyo pa imfa ya woyera mtima. Wansembe yekha kuti "Joy wa zisangalalo zonse" ndi ntchito machiritso anabwera kwa iye kuti athandizidwe. Ndiyeno iye anayenda kupita kudziko lina kutsogolo kwa nkhope izi.

Malamulo a iconography wa Lady wathu, kufunika khalidwe

Malinga Orthodox mwambo, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimenezi kwa chifaniziro cha Virgin zovala: buluu malaya, kapu buluu ndi matabwa chitumbuwa pa mutu, mwinamwake lotchedwa "mafory". Wachina chilichonse ali tanthauzo lake. nyenyezi golide atatu pa nguwo za - chizindikiro patatu wa kwachiyero CHAKUBADWA, kubadwa ndi imfa, mphonje ya izo - chizindikiro cha ulemerero. gulu lokha akuimira amayi wa Mulungu, mtundu buluu zovala - unamwali.

Mumadziwika milandu kuphwanya miyambo. Izi ntchito ndi amisiri kuunikila mbali zina. Mwachitsanzo, pofuna kutsindika kukhulupirika, unamwali wa Amayi a Mulungu, zitawonetseredwa ake mu diresi buluu. Virgin Akhtyrskaya - ngati zosinthika.

Kulemba popanda chofunda la Namwali Wodalitsidwa ndi Komanso ankaona kuphwanya malamulo mpingo.

Malamulo Orthodox, ngakhale korona, chizindikiro cha ufumu, kusonyeza pamwamba pa bolodi. Choncho Novodvorskaja zithunzi olembedwa, Holmovskaya. Korona pa mutu wa Virgin anabwera iconography East Mkhristu kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, mafano oyambirira a mutu wa Virgin Mary yokutidwa mafory yekha.

miyambo Russian mu iconography ya Amayi a Mulungu

Image wa Virgin pa mpando wachifumu, ndi ambiri mwa zithunzi Italo-Greek. Kulemba Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba, atakhala pampando wachifumu kapena zonse kutalika, mu Russia izo zimagwiritsa ntchito mu nyimbo zikuluzikulu: mu frescoes kapena iconostasis.

Iconographers zambiri anakonda kapena m'chiuno oplechnoe chifaniziro cha Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba. Choncho zinalengedwa kunyoza bwino ndi kutseka mtima. Izi akhoza kwakukulukulu ukugwirizana ndi udindo wapadera zithunzi Russia: icho chinali, ndi mnzako wa moyo, ndi kachisi ndi njira yopemphereramo ndi banja mfundo adutsa pansi ku mibadwomibadwo. Nzosadabwitsa anthu a Virgin chinaoneka monga mtetezi, chimene angathe pansi mkwiyo wa KWAMBIRI Woweruza. Ndi fano akulu ndi "namolennye" mphamvu zambiri ali.

A ambiri zithunzi m'nyumba za okhulupirira ndi mipingo - chizindikiro cha dziko Russian. zithunzi zambiri za Theotokos imatengedwa zozizwitsa, monga anatsimikizira ndi maumboni ambiri.

Dona Wathu - umboni ndi ophunzira a mbiri Russian

zaka zambiri limodzi Russian mbiri ya chizindikiro cha Virigo, phindu la umene kukambapo. Wina waung'ono chitsanzo - ndi chizindikiro cha St. Theodore:

• Mu 1239, njira iyi ya Prince Yaroslav anadalitsa mwana wake Alexander kukwatira Mfumukazi Paraskevnoy. Chizindikiro ichi limodzi Alexander yokopa anthu ake onse ankhondo. Pambuyo pake, pamaso imeneyi ya Dona Wathu Saint Alexander anakhala wansembe.

• Mu 1613, pamaso motere Mikhail Romanov ufumu Zemsky Sobor, anatenga mpandowachifumu. Theodore Amayi a Mulungu anaona malonjezo kukhulupirika kwa Russia, anthu ake ndi Mpingo Orthodox.

• M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, mamembala onse a m'banja lachifumu ayenera kubwera kwa moto pa uta kunyoza zozizwitsa, umene unayamba ndi mbiri ya Romanov mafumu.

Makamaka kutchulidwa izipangidwa Vladimir chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, anapereka kwa Russian kholo la Constantinople Luka Hrizovergom m'zaka XII. Malinga ndi nthano, pemphero pamaso pa chifano ichi kangapo opulumutsidwa Moscow kwa adani.

The zozizwitsayo mphamvu ya Amayi a Mulungu chizindikirochi

Ambiri a mafano a Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa ankaona zozizwitsa. Iwo ali limodzi ku moyo wa Akhristu. Iwo amakhala ndi anthu ndi kuthandiza mavuto.

Ena Moscow zozizwitsa chithunzi cha Virgin:

1. Vladimir kusungidwa mu mpingo wa St. Nicholas. Akukhulupirira kuti katatu kumbuyo Russia kwa adani. Chifukwa Orthodox chikondwerero chizindikiro ichi nthawi 3 chaka: mu June, July ndi September.

2. Tikhvin mafano "mwachikondi" wa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa kuti imakongoletsa kachisi wa dzina chomwecho mu Moscow. Mu 1941, ndege ndi njira izi katatu mwazunguliza likulu, kenako lopondereza kuukira mzinda inaima. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mpingo uwu sanali anatseka ngakhale mu Soviet Union.

3. Chithunzi cha Virgin "Wachisoni," kachisi wa CHAKUBADWA kunyumba kuti anapatsa akazi ambiri chimwemwe cha mayi.

"Akuwonongeka" Iver Mayi wa Mulungu "anatontholetsa zisoni wanga" - mbali chabe ya fano mozizwitsa Moscow Mfumukazi ya Kumwamba. Sikutheka ngakhale kuwerenga angati a iwo pa gawo lalikulu la Russia.

Wonderworking Kazan Icon ya Amayi a Mulungu

chithunzi zimenezi ayenera mwapadera. Kazan chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu anasonyeza kuti chozizwitsa ali chikuoneka mu 1579 pambuyo moto waukulu mu mzinda, anapezeka paphulusa mwamtheradi si bwanji ndi moto.

Ambiri kuchiritsa odwala, thandizo pankhani anapereka kwa recension okhulupirika. Koma zozizwitsa lapadera kwambiri chizindikiro ichi amagwirizana ndi chitetezo Russian Mkhristu wa lawo m'derali.

Kale mu zaka za m'ma XVII Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich analamula kukhazikitsa polemekeza ake tchuthi m'dzikolo. Zinachitika kubadwa bwino wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu Russian pa utumiki vespers polemekeza Kazan Mayi wa Mulungu. Chizindikiro ichi chinaoneka monga woyang'anira ufumu wa achifumu.

Mkulu Kutuzov, akupita kumalo omenyera nkhondo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu 1812, agodama patsogolo pa kachisi ndipo anapempha chitetezero ake. Pambuyo kugonjetsa Napoleon, iye prepodnos mphatso Kazan Cathedral zonse wachotsedwa siliva French.

Mule-kusonkhana kwa mafano kulambira Amayi a Mulungu

Ichi ndi chimodzi cha zozizwitsa zazikulu kugwirizana ndi zithunzi. Iwo akadali anapeza malongosoledwe chifukwa chake akukhamukira zithunzi mule. Koma nthawi zonse zimachitika pa madzulo a zochitika zomvetsa chisoni ngati chikumbutso cha uchimo wa munthu ndi kufunika kwa kulapa. Kodi zodabwitsazi? Pa zithunzi kuoneka onunkhira madzi amatikumbutsa mule. Kugwirizana ndi mtundu angakhale osiyana - kuchokera mandala kuti mame viscous utomoni mdima. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti osati akukhamukira zithunzi mule olembedwa pa mtengo. Izi zimachitika ndi murals, zithunzi, mafano zitsulo ndi ngakhale fotokope.

Ndipo tsopano pali zozizwitsa zofanana. Zingapo Tiraspol zithunzi anayamba kukhamukira mule mu nthawi kuchokera 2004 mpaka 2008. Ndi chenjezo la Ambuye wa zochitika wamagazi wa Beslan, Georgia, ulimi Orange ku Ukraine.

Mmodzi mwa mafanowo, "Zisanu Mivi" chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu (dzina lina - "Softener Kuipa Mitima"), anayamba kukhamukira mule mu May 1998. chozizwitsa ulipobe.

Pa chitetezo cha nyumba - Woyera Amayi a Mulungu

Chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu salephera kukhala m'nyumba ya wokhulupirira amene amasamala za chitetezo cha m'nyumba zawo.

Akukhulupirira kuti pemphero pamaso pa nkhope yake kuteteza anthu onse okhala mu nyumba ya kuthupi ndi uzimu. Kuyambira kale mwambo kuika pa khomo khomo nyumba chithunzi cha Virgin ndi kuti atiteteze ndi thandizo. The Theotokos ambiri ankakonda kuvutitsa: Iver, Isanu ndi iwiri Mivi, "inviolable khoma", "Chitsamba Choyaka Moto" ndi ena. Okwana pali oposa 860 maina a Mayi wa Mulungu. Kumbukirani onse a iwo zosatheka Sikuti. Kusankha pemphero, n'kofunika kumvera mtima wanu ndi kutsatira malangizo ake.

Osati okhulupirira wamba, koma mfumu kwambiri akulemekezedwa chithunzi cha Virgin. Photo atengedwa mu chipinda cha mfumu Alexander zikutsimikizira izi.

Chithunzi cha Virgin ndi Child ndipereka chitonthozo mwa chisoni, ufulu matenda, maso auzimu okhawo amene mapemphero chikhulupiriro oona mtima ndi cholimba. Chinthu chachikulu ndi akaonekere kwa Namwali Wodalitsidwa kuchokera pansi pa mtima woyera ndi zolinga anali wabwino.

Pokweza Amayi a Mulungu

Universal chikondi chikale chithunzi ichi woyera kumaonekera ambiri maphwando mpingo mu ncindi. Pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse pa chaka pali tsiku, ndipo nthawizina angapo. About 260 zozizwitsa zithunzi Marian otchulidwa Russian Orthodox kalendala.

Zofunika Orthodox holide - Kupemphera ya Amayi a Mulungu - anakhala phunziro la zithunzi dzina chomwecho. Mu recensions izi Virgin Mary chimasonyeza kukula zonse. Mu manja ake pamaso pake akupitirizabe yokutidwa ndi chifaniziro cha Khristu kapena ayi. -Found kumapeto kwa XX m'ma Port Arthur Icon za "tsiku lokumbukira Mary" chizindikiro cha chitsitsimutso wauzimu wa Russia ndi chikumbutso za kufunika kwa fano mu mbiri ya dziko. Lake kunadetsa m'gulu kwambiri atalemekeza zithunzi Russian.