Zadonsk obisika. Mchitidwe umenewu wa dera Makhachkala. Zadonsk ansembe yotchedwa: bwanji kuti adzafike

Ndi chitsitsimutso cha Chikhristu mu Russia, anthu ambiri kufuna kudziwa mbiri ya zikamera ndi mapangidwe chikhulupiriro mbadwa Orthodox, komanso maso anga kuona ndi kumva kukongola ndi mphamvu ya chikhalidwe chathu wauzimu. Makhachkala dera - chitsanzo cha Orthodox mu Russia, kumene pambuyo wopanda yaitali wauzimu bwinobwino nakhalanso miyambo wakale wa chipembedzo.

Mbiri ya dera Orthodoxy Makhachkala

Pa nthaka Makhachkala Orthodoxy anadza mu masiku a Kievan Lazaro. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka XIV-XV onse dera Upper Don chifukwa cha zonse Mongol-Chitata anawazunza inasanduka onyansa. Only mu zaka za m'ma XVI, anthu Orthodox pano wabwerera, ndi mkubwela kwa atsogoleri ndi kumanga mipingo anayamba kutsitsimutsa chikhulupiriro. Pa nthawi iyi pali Zadonsk Virgin, Donkovsky Pokrovsky, Yelenskyi Utatu Orthodox Russian obisika. Mu zaka XVII-XVIII, ndi Region Makhachkala a Voronezh ndi Ryazan chigawocho, ndi pambuyo, mpaka zochitika za 1917, mbiri yake ikusonyeza Orel wa Orthodox, Tambov, Tula, zigawo mpingo Ryazan. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana makumi awiri mu malire amakono a m'dera panali mazana asanu khumi mchitidwe umenewu ndi akachisi.

Zitasintha, pa Bolshevik kuzunzidwa, ambiri a akachisi inawonongedwa, ndi malo opatulika, anapeza kupyola mu mibadwo, anagonjetsa kapena kuwonongedwa. Popeza Orthodoxy pa Makhachkala kuuluka kangapo nakhalanso ndi chilengedwe cha m'dera la Makhachkala mu 1926, koma chitsutsocho zonse ndi kuzunzidwa atsogoleri achipembedzo anatsogolera mpingo ndi kuima amphumphu. Only mu 1980s, pamene mtima boma chikhulupiriro anasintha, akuyamba msinkhu wina wa chitukuko cha Chikhristu. Kubwezeretsedwa mipingo ndi mchitidwe umenewu mu madera ozungulira a Makhachkala ndi mwachangu anamanga atsopano. Ndiye kunali ngale weniweni Kubwezeretsedwa Orthodoxy Makhachkala dera - Zadonsk obisika.

Makhachkala amonke

Makhachkala dera wolemera malo mbiri ya kulambira Mpingo Orthodox. M'dera Makhachkala, pali 9 mchitidwe umenewu yogwira, Parish 281 mipingo 316, 34 m'matchalitchi, atsogoleri achipembedzo komanso chiwerengero ndi anthu 365. chuma chauzimu, ndithudi, sitingalephere kukopa amwendamnjira ndi alendo. Anthu ena kuno kuyembekezera kuchiritsidwa mozizwitsa, pamene ena - malangizo kapena dalitso, Ena amasirira mchitidwe umenewu wa dera Makhachkala. Zosoŵa zauzimu za anthu amene akuvutika lero izi nyumba kumene kumakhala Amonke ili m'dera lino:

• Zadonsk Kubadwa kwa Yesu Wathu Lady Akatolika;
• Zadonsk Woyera Utatu Tikhon wa ansembe yotchedwa;
• Virgin Tikhon wa Zadonsk ansembe yotchedwa Tyuninsky;
• Tikhon wa Zadonsk ansembe yotchedwa wa Chiwalitsiro;
• Eletskii Utatu ansembe yotchedwa;
• Eletskii Znamensky obisika;
• Troekurov Illarionovsky Dmitrievsky obisika;
• Lebedyansky Utatu ansembe yotchedwa;
• Makhachkala Mfundo obisika.

Wotchuka kwambiri pakati alendo ndi wogonera ndi mpake Zadonskaya mchitidwe umenewu. Photos ntchito ya zomangamanga Tingaone m'nkhani ino, ndandanda wa misonkhano ndi uthenga wa dziko lauzimu angapezeke pa webusaiti ya m'dera la Makhachkala.

Russian Yerusalemu

M'tauni yaing'ono Zadonsk ili mu malo kwabasi makilomita 60 kuchokera Makhachkala, kumanzere banki ya Don, pafupi ndi msewu feduro "Rostov pa-Don kwa Moscow." Ndi kuthetsa adanyamuka pa Teshevskom (kuchokera Dzina la mtsinje Teshevki) obisika mu 1620. Kenako mu 1779, kukagawira anadziwika monga Zadonsk ndi agulupa m'dera anapeza dzina la Zadonsk obisika. Ulemerero "Russian m'Yerusalemu" amatchedwa Zadonsk, amagwirizana ndi Saint Tihonom Zadonskim, anawonekera kuno mu 1769 ndipo pamoyo wake kuti chitsitsimutso ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Orthodoxy m'dera lino. Mu 1861, Tikhon, amene anapereka moyo wauzimu wa Zadonsk mchitidwe umenewu, anali canonized. Zokopa waukulu Zadonsk chigawo ndi mzindawo, ndipo anakhala pakati lalikulu la chikhulupiriro Orthodox ndi chikhalidwe chauzimu Mkhristu - atatu analipo wina anasunga obisika.

St. Tikhon

The woyera tsogolo ndi Bishop anabadwa mu 1724 ku Novgorod m'mudzi Korotsko kalaliki m'banja. dziko dzina Tihon Zadonsky Timofey Sokolov. Savely bambo ake anamwalira oyambirira, ndi kupatsidwa kuti banjali linali losauka kwambiri, malinga ndi ntchito za mwana wake wa zaka 14, mayi ake anam'tumiza ku Novgorod, kumene Timoteyo anavomereza ku seminare. Kuonetsa kudziwa zabwino, iye anasamutsidwa ndi mapulogalamu boma akumeneko, ndipo mu 1754, pambuyo pa mapeto a maphunziro, anakhalabe kutumikira mphunzitsi wa apamwamba pa seminare, koma koposa iye anachezeredwa ndi malingaliro za monasticism. Pambuyo nkhani zachinsinsi imene Timoteyo pang'onong'ono kugwera pansi pa makwerero, potsiriza iye akusankha kutumikira Mulungu, ndipo mu 1758 adameta ndi Chimonko, dzina lache Tikhon. Mu chaka chomwecho iye anakwezedwa udindo wa archimandrite ndipo anasankha rector a seminare mu Tver.

Patatha zaka zitatu, Sinodi Woyera wa Bishop Tikhon anakhala Novgorod, ndipo mu 1763 analandira malangizo a Voronezh. Ngakhale Voronezh m'dera kudzera nthawi yovuta: ndi Don steppe anthu osiyanasiyana kwa mipatuko ndi Old Okhulupirira, ndipo anthu ophunzira ambiri kulambira milungu yachikunja. Chitsanzo kumene bishopu atamva mapwando polemekeza mulungu Yarily mu mtima wa Voronezh. Iye anabwera yekha lalikulu ndipo anapanga kulankhula, ku mbali ya khamu anathawa, ndipo gawo lina la mawondo ake chikhululukiro. Zitachitika izi, onse chikondwerero chachikunja inatha. Kudandaula kubweretsa Orthodox chikhulupiriro cha anthu ambiri a Voronezh dziko Tikhon anatsegula sukulu watsopano, ankalalikira ndiponso kuphunzitsa mpingo onani mpingo ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. Usiku analemba ntchito zake zoyenera chikhulupiriro ovomerezedwa.

Pa nthawi Tikhon thanzi anayamba bwino ndipo anakakamizika kupita pantchito retiring kwa Zadonsk obisika ndipo anagulitsa zonse anali nazo. Koma ngakhale pano, woyera anapitiriza ntchito. Iye analemba buku la "The Chuma zauzimu, dziko ati," "Chikristu Choona", "Letters mu chinsinsi" lomwe kenako anakhudza kwambiri mu chitukuko cha Orthodox. Tikhon anali ndi kuzindikira wapadera umene unamuthandiza kulosera za nkhondo ndi France, moto St. Petersburg ndipo mapeto a Napoleon. Patatha zaka 15 anakhala ku obisika, ndi woyera mtima, wokanthidwa ndi ziwalo, iye anatenga mphasa yake, koma anapitiriza kupemphera mpaka tsiku lake lomaliza.

Mu 1783, Tihon Zadonsky anafa. Iye anaikidwa mu crypt wapadera pansi pa guwa mu mpingo tchalitchi ya agulupa ya Zadonsk. Mu 1846, pamene ntchito yomanga pa kachisi anawachotsa mwala guwa umene anapuma Tikhon. Ngakhale crypt adatayika ndipo nthawi yadutsa kuyambira m'masiku a m'manda a bishopu, thupi lake anatsala incorrupt, komanso zovala. Izi yodabwitsa Bishop Voronezhskiy Anthony, lipoti ku Synod Woyera ndi Mfumu Nicholas ine kuti kutsegula zotsalira za utsogoleri wolowezana. Mu 1861, kutsegula zotsalira woyera wa bishopu, yemwe anapezeka ndi wogonera oposa 300 zikwi. Mu chaka chomwecho, Tihon Zadonsky alemekezedwa mwa oyera.

Male Zadonsk Kubadwa kwa Yesu Wathu Lady Akatolika

magwero zimasonyeza kuti 1620 Chimonko awiri - Gerasim ndi Kirill wa Moscow Sretensky ansembe yotchedwa akufuna kuti abwerere, mtsinje ndi kukakhala m'chipululu kutali bwinja, kumene anthu anali nyama zakutchire. Ndi iwo akulu anali ndi buku la chizindikiro cha Lady Wathu Vladimir. Ndi anthu a Mulungu, ndipo anaika Zadonsk obisika. nyumba matabwa a obisika akuchiotchacho pansi pa moto mu 1692, koma chizindikiro cha anabwera ndi akulu, njira yodabwitsa anapulumuka.

Kuyambira 1798 agulupa akuyamba kumanga, pali mwala woyamba wa nyumbayi, monga Vladimir mpingo, ndipo mu 1824 dongosolo adayikapo pa zolinga za mapulani Voronezh. Nthawi yabwino nkhani ya obisika kwa zaka rector Tihona Zadonskogo, pamene agulupa zinatchuka sinachitikepo ndi wogonera ku Russia. Kupitiriza achire, kuti chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, zinali zovuta lonse, wopangidwa mwa akachisi 6, Pulogalamu House, belu nsanja, pharmacies, zipatala, njerwa ndi fakitale kandulo.

Mu nthawi pambuyo chosintha, agulupa anali anagonjetsa kwathunthu ndi pang'ono kuwonongedwa. Pa m'gawo lake wotanganidwa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana mzinda ndi maudindo. Kuwonongedwa kwa obisika chinatenga mpaka mu 1990, pamene madera ake m'manja Mpingo Orthodox. Ndi kubwezeretsa kwa kachisi waukulu wa agulupa za - St. Vladimir Cathedral - m'nyengo yatsopano m'mbiri ya agulupa ya Zadonsk. Lero, kumapeto kwa ntchito kubwezeretsa, komanso nyumba zatsopano mukumangidwa mwachangu. Mbali ya ndalama allocated kumanganso zochitika zapadera boma ndi boma, koma ambiri a iwo - ndi ndalama zawo ndi zopereka.

Zadonsk ansembe yotchedwa amapezeka kuti mahekitala 500 m'dziko chimene chimathandiza kukula zokoma. Ankachita apa komanso ndi ng'ombe, lili njuchi yake. Anakwanitsa munda wa anthu 500, amene amatsogolera ndi ntchitoyo. Komanso, tsiku lililonse ku Makhachkala basi ifika anthu pafupifupi 50, azimayi, amene anapereka chinkhoswe mu ulimi, kumalongeza, kukolola bowa ndi zipatso. Zadonsk ansembe yotchedwa kwathunthu kudzikonda yothandizira, ndipo pambali, limakonza ufulu chakudya amwendamnjira. Palibe malo osokoneza bongo ndi mowa, koma anthu amenewa kuti kumvera.

St. Tikhon wa ansembe yotchedwa la Chiwalitsiro ndi

Adakhala ndi makilomita 7 kumpoto Zadonsk pa mabwinja akale Friary. Mu chaka cha 1865, kupeza archimandrite wotchedwa Dmitry yomanga chilolezo skite, Chimonko zitsulo momwemo pano. Agulupa ankakonda kukhala ndi moyo kwa nthawi yaitali Tihon Zadonsky. Zinali apa kuti analemba buku chachikulu - "The Chuma zauzimu, ku dziko likupita", komanso wake anakumba bwino pa mtsinje kulankhula, kumene machiritso kasupe ili lero. Pamaso pa 1917 mu obisika panali 100 novices, koma pambuyo zochitika za October agulupa zowawa tsoka ambiri a malo a kulambira - icho poyamba anatseka ndipo kenako anagonjetsa ndi kuwonongedwa. Only mu 1991 gawo anali anabwerera ku tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox. Tsopano apa iwo okonzeka St. Tikhon la Chiwalitsiro, kapena monga patchedwa Zadonsk kunyumba.

Mpingo waukulu wa agulupa ndi Utatu, wotsatira kwa iye wayima belu nsanja ndi Mpingo Chiwalitsiro. Pokumbukira kukhala kuno Tihona Zadonskogo mu nsanja ina imene inali chimanga chosakhwima osiyana khungu, kumene chizindikiro cha oyera, kukhamukira mule mu 1998. Pakuti yosungirako okhazikika obisika ndi ili, ndi tinthu a zotsalira wake. Mu 2000, Tsiku la Oyera Mtima Russian, popemphera pamaso wa amwendamnjira mu Woyera Utatu Mpingo wa Cross Kupachikidwa magazi. particles magazi akulowa ku korona wa Mpulumutsi, amene anapulumutsidwa mu mpingo lero. Panopa tikukhala mu obisika 82 avirigo chinkhoswe mu ULIMI, kusoka ndi iconography. Zadonsk kunyumba, komanso amuna, lili ndi chakudya ufulu ndi pogona alendo. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, tsiku lililonse kudya za 80-90 anthu, ndiponso m'nyengo yozizira - mpaka 1000.

Ansembe yotchedwa Zadonsk Virgin Tikhon a

obisika lina ili m'mudzi wa Tyunina padziko Zadonsk. Idamangidwa pa nthawi imene Tihon Zadonsky idaleka kutsogolera m'dera la Voronezh ndipo adapuma. Apa, m'mudzi Tyuninka, pa kasupe, oyera ankakonda kukhala ndekha kwa pemphero. Pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, mawunikidwe m'dera mwinimunda AF Vikulin ouziridwa kukaona malo awa Bishop Anthony anaika ndipo anamanga kachisi Mayi wa Mulungu "Moyo wopatsa Spring" ndipo mu 1814 ndipo zaikidwa nyumba ya kachisi anayamba moyo wake kudzipatula 30 avirigo. Mu 1820s ndi Vikulin AF anayamba kumanga mpingo wina - polemekeza Aleksandra Nevskogo. Pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana woyang'anira wake Vladimir anayamba kupondereza agulupa, ndipo posakhalitsa anatseka kachisi waukulu obisika, ndipo Nevsky mpingo inasanduka almshouse ndi. Mu 1860 agulupa anapeza udindo wa cloister kumene kumakhala Amonke, ndipo pamodzi nacho abbess. Anakhala sisitere Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa Polyxena, amene kuyambira masiku oyambirira a chiyambi cha kusintha yogwira obisika, ndi 1889 kudzera mwa mpingo wake wa Ascension unamangidwapo.

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, agulupa ali 86 novices ndi 45 avirigo. Mkubwela kwa Bolsheviks mu moyo wa agulupa poyamba, kanthu zasintha, koma mu 1919, pambuyo pa imfa ya abbess, dzikoli zonse ndi chuma analandidwa. Abbess anathawira kumene kumakhala Amonke chitetezo anakhala Melitina, amene ammudzi kupulumuka kwa zaka zoposa 10. Mu 1930, akuluakulu a boma m'deralo, anaganiza kusamutsa gawo lopatulika loperekedwa kwa phindu la malangizo ndi am'thamangitsa kunyumba avirigo. Ataona zimenezi, novices anali anakaniza, chimene iwo anali okhudzidwa ndi ku ukapolo, ndipo Melitina anawomberedwa m'ndende ku Elec. Chitsitsimutso cha cloister kumene kumakhala Amonke, kuyamba ndi anthu a obisika oyandikana kuti Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa Amayi a Mulungu, linayamba mu 1994.

Panopa ntchito konzanso ndi kulembedwa. The tchalitchi mpingo wa agulupa ndi Ascension. Pafupi ndi mlongo thupi ku chipinda chodyera ndi oimbira mpingo Aleksandra Nevskogo. Mu 2005, malo anamaliza kasupe woyera Tihona Zadonskogo, kusamba madzi kuchiritsa amene amakhala amwendamnjira ndi alendo. Masiku ano pali analimbitsa njira kumene kumakhala Amonke wa moyo. ammudzi walunjika Arseny abbess. Monga chiyenera kukhala mu mchitidwe, novices ali otanganidwa ndi ntchito zapakhomo ndipo nthawi zonse kupemphera kwa Mulungu, Namwali Mariya ndi St. Tikhon. kasanu sabata umachitika pano Divine mapemphero, mapemphero tsiku zimagwiridwa.

Ansembe yotchedwa Zadonsk Woyera Utatu Tikhon a

Woyera Utatu kunyumba, poyamba ankatchedwa Kutsukwala, ili 90 Km ku Zadonsk, m'tauni ya Lebedyan - pakati dera m'chigawo Makhachkala. Tidakhala adanyamuka kumayambiriro kwa zaka XVIII-XIX mudzi kumene kumakhala Amonke, anakhazikitsa Matron Popova, amene yekha kuyambira zokondweretsa Mulungu, iye anamwalira. Matron umunthu maloto anapitiriza executor ake Archpriest Peter, anamanga mpingo Amayi a Mulungu kumanzere zikutanthauza sisitere. Mu 1860 tchalitchi zodalitsidwa ndi Bishop wa Voronezh Joseph, ndipo pamene zinakhalako dzina la Tihona Zadonskogo anamwino ammudzi.

Mu 1870s, ndi mwala khoma ndipo belu nsanja inamangidwa mozungulirapo nyumba ammudzi. Mu 1889, chosankha wa Holy Synod ya m'mudzimo anamangamo Zadonsk Woyera Utatu kunyumba Tikhon, amene bwinobwino osauka, chinakhalapo mpaka 1917. Zitasintha, nyumba ya agulupa pang'onopang'ono anasankhidwa ndi mu 1929 ammudzi unatha. Today agulupa ofesi malo "Zadonskgaza" ndi buledi. Cha zovuta lonse kokha Woyera Utatu Cathedral unasamutsidwa kwa Mpingo.

Haji ku Zadonsk

Chaka chilichonse zikwi amwendamnjira amapita Zadonsk. alendo ambiri kuno pa mwambo wa chachikulu Orthodox maholide: Isitala, Christmas, Chophimba. Nthawi zambiri, cholinga ndi chilakolako kuvomereza Haji, pemphero, kukhudza zotsalira incorrupt kapena zozizwitsa mafano, kupeza chisomo, dalitso, ndi kuviika mu gwero zopatulika, komanso kupereka ndalama, kapena ngakhale kutenga lonjezo. Orthodox ambiri kuno kwa cholinga cha miyambo achipembedzo kuti Zadonsk obisika.

Zimakhulupirira kuti ma sakramenti omwe amachitika pano ndi amphamvu kwambiri. Podzipereka paulendo umenewu, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti pa maholide ndi zosatheka kuthetsa ku Zadonsk, mzindawu wadzaza ndi alendo, choncho amavomereza kukonzekera, pokonza malo okhala patelefoni kapena kudzera pa intaneti. Palibe vuto lililonse ndi oyang'anira nyumba. Malo osungirako Zadonsky ndi malo omwe palibe amene adzakanidwe, ndipo mwina adzadyetsedwa. Pano mungagule katundu ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi anthu ammudzi, kuchokera ku kvass ndi mkaka kupita ku ziwiya ndi mitengo, osawerengera zikondwerero ndi zinthu zopembedza.

Momwe mungayendere ku nyumba za ambuye

Kufika ku Zadonsk ndi nkhani yosavuta, chifukwa ili pafupi ndi msewu waukulu wa Rostov M-4. Pakati penipeni mumzindawu muli Monastery ya Nativity-Bogoroditsky Zadonsky. Kodi mungapeze bwanji? Kapena kuchoka pamsewu waukulu wa Rostov, aliyense angakuuzeni, kuphatikizapo osati kumudziko. Kuchokera ku Zadonsk kupita ku Tyunino, komwe kuli nyumba ya amishonare ya Virgin-Tikhon, mukhoza kutenga basi, minibus kapena, monga Orthodox yeniyeni, pamapazi. Mtunda wa pakati pa midzi ili pafupi 2 km. Pakati penipeni, pafupi ndi 7 km kuchokera ku Zadonsk, kuli malo otchedwa Monastery ya St. Tikhon, yomwe imapezeka poyendetsa galimoto kapena pagalimoto. Ndikovuta kwambiri kufika ku Lebedyan. Apo pali Monastery Woyera wa Utatu wa Zadon. Mapu a misewu ikuluikulu kapena magalimoto adzawathandiza pa izi. Ndizovuta kwambiri kupita ku Lipetsk ndi ku. Kuchokera pano, tsiku lina kukachezera nyumba zonse za Zadonskiye ndizovuta kwambiri.