Wambiri Danielya Defo - woyambitsa "Robinson Crusoe"

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti chifukwa zinthu zina, ife tikuyembekezera ku Friday. Womwewo mwachita ndi ngwazi kwambiri buku Danielya Defo - Robinson Crusoe. Iye akhadikhira Friday. Mwina bukuli - imodzi mwa ntchito angapo kumira moyo wa owerenga ku tsamba loyamba.

M'nkhaniyi, ife mwachidule kukuuzani zimene anali yonena za Daniel Defoe - mlengi wa ntchito wokondedwa. Azambiriyakale kusagwirizana: pamene anabadwa wolemba wotchuka. Popeza ndendende chikalata aliyense akuthandiza izi mudziwe, amaganiza kuti Defoe anabadwa pafupifupi 1660. Ilo liri mu zaka za m'ma 17 ku London, mwana wa mwachilungamo olemera nyama wamalonda ndinabadwa Daniel pang'ono. Kuyambira ali wakhanda, iye wafotokoza amalakalaka kwambiri kuwerenga, omwe sakanakhoza kulephera kwa amazunguza makolo ake. Mayi ndi bambo ankafuna kuti mwana wawo adzakhale wansembe, kapena, pa zikachitika, kupitiriza ntchito banja. Koma tsoka anali linakana.

yonena oyambirira a Daniel Defoe ndi zonse zochitika yowala: kuno ndi Oyeretsa zamulungu sukulu ndi kuyesa ndakatulo ntchito pa mitu achipembedzo, ndipo ngakhale mlandu ntchito mu fakitale hosiery. Pa zaka 25 (mu 1685), mnyamata akuyamba ntchito ogulitsa. Wine ndi fodya, masitonkeni ndi nyumba zipangizo - chifukwa cha mphatso ya zokopa Defoe anali ndi makasitomala omwe ankabwera lonse osati England, komanso kunja. Komabe, aliyense zofunika anatsatira chikucheperachepera. Lake bwino ndalama zonse m'malo ndi kugwa kwa. Kenako, wolemba adzanena kuti anakhala nthawi makumi atatu amazipanga wolemera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ali osauka kwambiri.

M'chaka chomwecho yonena Danielya Defo akanatha Nditatsegula: nawo kupandukira King James II masitepe ndale Stuart, iye anali mu msasa wa anagonjetsa, ndipo iye anali kukongoletsa ndi scaffold. Komabe, izi sizinachitike, ndi chifukwa cha mavuto osadziwika (ngati wakhululukidwa wolemba, kaya chabe anathawa) Mlembi wa "Robinson Crusoe" anali adakali moyo.

A kupanduka ndi chikhalidwe, wolemba Daniel Defoe ndi chilakolako Inabuka nkhondo chofuna ndale. Kuthandiza mfumu yatsopano Vilgelma Oranskogo - Dutch wobadwa - ndi England anali wachifumu idzatha. Komabe, maganizo ake achipembedzo, anauyamba ntchito "njira yodalirika kwambiri kuchotsa otsutsa" sindinapeza anachita zotsatirazi wa mphamvu zolamulira amene anali Anna Stewart. Ndipo kachiwiri, ndi mwayi obweretsa woukira atamasulidwa.

Atabwera wachifumu wa nyumba ya Hanover Defoe kachiwiri akachita kulowerera ndale. Kamodzi mu ndende, wolemba akusankha kuchoka zoipa ntchito nkhondo ndi andale ndi kukhala nzika wamba. Izo zinali utatha m'ndende, Danieli analemba chachikulu wake woyamba ntchito "The Life ndi Zopatsa Chidwi cha Robinson Crusoe ndi zosaneneka." Zidzachuluka ulemerero otchulidwa mwaluso ikukula mofulumira. Novoizdannuyu buku kumawombera pa maalumali ngati hotcakes. Choona chidwi n'chakuti pa chikuto cha magazini woyamba wa buku la sanatchule dzina la wolemba: wolemba ankaopa kuti "ulemerero" womenya ndale angakhale chimawononga mankhwala.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, monga ife tikudziwira, panalibe chinthu choterocho monga chithunzi. Daniel Defoe analandidwa mu mafuta pa nsalu chinsalu ndi zipsera za wotchuka, ndipo si choncho, ojambula zithunzi za nthawi. Ambiri mwa ntchito zimenezi anapulumuka ku nthawi yathu.

Wambiri Danielya Defo ali zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, ngakhale chiwerengero cha ntchito za amaidziwa mu osiyanasiyana mazana anai, kanthu bwino, "Robinson Crusoe" sakanatha kulemba kuti wolemba. Imodzi mwa ntchito zake zofunika ndi atatu a buku ntchito "Travel England ndi ku Scotland."

Mlengi wa odziwika ndi okondedwa mabuku onse za woyendayenda pa chilumbachi 1731 anamwalira kutali ndi kwawo, mkazi wake ndi ana eyiti - anakakamizika kuthawa mangawa ndi ndende amangawa.