Waukulu pathological bongo

Reflex - zimachitika kuti zikuchitika kunja. Pamene chintchito mu ubongo kapena mantha dongosolo bongo pathologic zidzachitika, amene adzasonyeza kudwala mayankho galimoto. Zochita ubongo ali ankayatsa onse kuzindikira matenda osiyanasiyana.

Lingaliro la reflex pathological

Pamene waukulu minyewa chotupa cha ubongo kapena njira okhudza mitsempha kuoneka bongo pathologic. Zimene amaonetsa kugwirizana latsopano pakati pa zikuchitika kunja ndipo zimene lake, imene sangatengedwe kukhala ponseponse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi mokwanira kuyankha yogwirana, poyerekeza munthu wabwinobwino popanda pathologies.

bongo zimenezi zikusonyeza matenda amisala kapena ubongo aliyense anthu. Ana, bongo ambiri ali ponseponse (extensor mapazi, kumvetsa, woyamwa), pamene munthu wamkulu amaona akhale kudwala. Pa zaka ziwiri, bongo onse chifukwa cha mantha dongosolo wosalimba. Pathological ndipo makonzedwe ndi chopanda malire bongo. Choyamba chidawoneka yankho lokwanira kuti nzothandiza ndi, anakonza kukumbukira zakale. The chachiwiri zachilendo mawu kwachilengedwenso kwa zaka kapena zinthu.

zimayambitsa

bongo nthenda mwina chifukwa cha kuvulala ubongo, pathologies a chapakati mantha dongosolo, monga:

• kuwonongeka kwa matenda oziziritsa kotekisi, matenda msana, chotupa;
• hypoxia - ubongo ntchito si anakumana chifukwa chosowa mpweya;
• Chilonda - kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwiya ubongo;
• Oziziritsa ziwalo (khunyu la ubongo) - kobadwa nako chosayenerera amene bongo neonatal pa nthawi saiwala, ndi kukhala;
• oopsa;
• ziwalo;
• chikomokere;
• zotsatira zoopsazo.

Aliyense mantha matenda dongosolo, ubongo kuwonongeka nsinga ubongo matenda angayambitse nthenda, zilakolako zoipa bongo.

Gulu la bongo pathological

bongo Pathological amafalitsidwa mu magulu otsatirawa:

• The bongo wa malekezero chapamwamba. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo carpal bongo pathological, yankho zilakolako zoipa zimene zikuchitika kunja wa malekezero chapamwamba. Akhoza kusonyeza musanaganizire Kumvetsa ndi kugwira chinthu. Kumachitika nthawi kukondoweza kwa khungu ya kanjedza patsinde pa zala.
• The bongo wa malekezero a m'munsi. Zikuphatikizapo stopnye bongo pathological, poyankha pogogoda ya nyundo monga kupinda kapena kutambasuka kwa phalanges za zala, kupinda phazi.
• Bongo minofu m'kamwa - nthenda chidule minofu nkhope.

bongo phazi

bongo Extensor phazi ndi kuyamba kuonekera kwa wamanjenje dongosolo. Pathological Babinski kaŵirikaŵiri kufufuzidwa mu ubongo. Ndi chizindikiro cha chapamwamba matenda owononga minyewa. Zimatanthauza gulu la bongo m'munsi nthambi. Zikuoneka motere: Sitiroko kuyenda pa m'mphepete lakunja phazi kumabweretsa kutambasuka kwa chala chachikulu. Mwina limodzi ndi kuswana kuonera zala zonse. Popeza kudwala ndi mkwiyo phazi kumabweretsa musanaganizire flexion ya chala chachikulu kapena onse zala. Movement ziyenera kukhala zosavuta, sayambitsa ululu. chifukwa kukhazikitsa Babinski reflex anachedwa ndi injini atagwira kukondoweza ngalande ndi chisokonezo malemeredwe a zigawo msana. Ana kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mawonetseredwe Babinski reflex imatengedwa ponseponse, ndiye mapangidwe gait ndi malo ofukula za thupi, ayenera kutha.

A kuchita chimodzimodzi kumachitika ndi zochita zina pa maselo ndi:

• Oppenheim ndi reflex - kutambasuka chala pamene kukanikiza zokwawa kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi ndi chala m'dera la tibia ya;
• chizindikiro Gordon a - pa psinjika a minofu gastrocnemius;
• chizindikiro Schaeffer a - pa psinjika a Achilles tendon.

Nthenda flexion ya bongo phazi:

• reflex Rossolimo - pamene chinaperekedwa ku nkhonya mwadzidzidzi nyundo kapena mosavuta padziko lamkati la phalanges mofulumiracho. kufewetsa mafupa II-V zala;
• Bechterew reflex - zimene mmenenso ndi kuwala pogogoda padziko kunja kwa phazi pa dera metatarsal;
• Zhukovsky reflex - akuwonetseredwa mu kuukira pa malo a phazi, patsinde pa zala.

Bongo wa automatism m'kamwa

Oral automatism - zimachitika kwa nzothandiza minofu pakamwa, akuwonetseredwa m'gulu lawo musanaganizire. Mtundu uwu wa bongo pathological anati m'njira zotsatirazi:

• Nosogubnyj reflex, amapezeka pamene rapping nyundo patsinde pa mphuno, anaonetsa kujambula milomo. Zotsatira chomwecho angayambe pamene tipemphela kwa mkamwa (m'kamwa-Distance ali reflex) kapena kuwala amenya m'munsi kapena chapamwamba mlomo - m'kamwa reflex.
• Palm-chibwano reflex kapena reflex Marinescu-Radovic. Bar kayendedwe mu chala wa kanjedza ndi kubala zimene minofu nkhope ndi zotsatira mu gulu kuchigama.

Zimenezi ndi wakudziko yekha makanda, pamaso pa akulu - kudwala.

Synkineses ndi bongo zoteteza

Synkineses - izo bongo, yodziwika ndi awiri kayendedwe nthambi. Ndi bongo pathological wa mtundu uwu monga:

• synkinesis lonse (pamene kupinda manja unbent mwendo kapena mosinthanitsa);
• Kayeseleledwe: ndi musanaganizire kubwerezabwereza kayendedwe salimbikitsa (dzanzi) nthambi kayendedwe thanzi;
• koordinatornyh: kayendedwe mowiriza salimbikitsa miyendo.

Synkineses basi zimachitika kayendedwe pamene mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kusuntha dzanja wathanzi kapena mwendo nthambi ziwalo amapezeka mowiriza minofu chidule, pali gulu lopinda m'manja, extensor - miyendo.

bongo zoteteza kumachitika nthawi kukondoweza wa miyendo ziwalo adawonetsera ake kayendedwe musanaganizire. Nzothandiza angakhale Mwachitsanzo, jakisoni singano. Zimenezi zimatchedwa msana automatism. Ndi bongo atetezeke angakhale monga chizindikiro Marie Foy Bechtereva - kupinda zala kumabweretsa miyendo musanaganizire kupinda pa bondo ndi m'chiuno.

bongo zimandilimbikitsa

bongo bwinobwino zimandilimbikitsa ndi akuwonetseredwa mu ana anabadwa kwa miyezi itatu. Kupitiriza maonekedwe awo ndi mwezi wachisanu moyo angakhoze kuchitira umboni kwa kugonjetsedwa kwa mwana ndi khunyu la ubongo. Pamene oziziritsa ziwalo kobadwa nako galimoto automatism suzimitsidwa, ndi kupitiriza kukhala. Amenewa ndi monga nthenda bongo zimandilimbikitsa:

• Kukhotakhota zimandilimbikitsa reflex. Kufufuzidwa mu maudindo awiri - kumbuyo ndi mimba - ndipo kumaonekera malingana ndi malo danga la mutu wa mwanayo. Ana ndi khunyu la ubongo chimaoneka mu kamvekedwe okwera a minofu extensor mu malo supine ndi flexion pamene mwana atagona mimba yake.
• Ofananira zimandilimbikitsa reflex khosi. Pamene khunyu la ubongo kuwawonetsera chikoka kuyenda mutu pa kamvekedwe ka minofu.
• Asymmetrical Khosi zimandilimbikitsa reflex. Kuwawonetsera kuchuluka kamvekedwe ka minofu pamene kutembenuzira mutu mbali imodzi. Kumbali, amene inatembenuka, minofu extensor adamulowetsa, ndipo kuchokera nape wa khosi - flexor.

Pamene ICP zotheka kuphatikiza bongo zimandilimbikitsa yoonetsa zovuta matenda.

bongo tendon

bongo Tendon bwinobwino chifukwa cha nyundo nkhonya pa tendon lapansi. Iwo agawidwa mu mitundu ingapo:

• Reflex tendon a minofu kukongola. Poyankha nyundo nkhonya pa mkono wake ndichotse pa chigongono.
• Tendon reflex triceps. mkono akuyesetsa pa chigongono, ndi amadza amapezeka magetsi.
• M'maondo kugwedezeka anachita. Nsombazi imagwera pa minofu quadriceps ya ntchafu, pansi kneecap lapansi. miyendo kutambasuka mu bondo olowa - Zotsatira.

Pathological tendon bongo zimachitika pakalibe anachita ku nkhonya nyundo. Kumachitika mu ziwalo, chikomokere, kuvulala msana.

Kodi mankhwala zotheka?

bongo Pathological mu ubongo ndi eni osati ankachitira, kotero si matenda umodzi koma chabe chizindikiro cha matenda ena okhudza ubongo. Iwo umboni kuti ubongo ndi mantha dongosolo mavuto. Choncho ndikofunikira, poyamba pa zonse, kuyang'ana chifukwa cha maonekedwe awo. Pokhapokha atakhala matenda dokotala akhoza kukamba za mankhwala enieni, chifukwa m'pofunika kuchitira chifukwa kwambiri, osati zizindikiro. bongo Pathological zitha kuthandiza kupeza matenda ndi ukulu wake.