Werengerani Bobrinsky, mwana wa Catherine 2: yonena. Farmstead Werengerani Bobrinsky Bogoroditsk

Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, Catherine 2 - ndi chimake cha absolutism mu Russia. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti gulu lake la dziko lathu ndi limodzi mwa osewera zofunika kwambiri pa dziko m'bwalomo ndale ndipo anayamba njira choyamba cha chitukuko cha malonda komanso mafakitale. Choncho, kwa Crimea Russian anali linalanda kukonza amene anasintha mkati kapangidwe utsogoleri wa boma, komanso kusintha zambiri pa chuma. Komabe, moyo wa Mfumukazi anachititsa ndi sichiyambitsa zochepa chidwi. Makamaka, nthawi zonse pa munthu msewu panali mndandanda wa mafunso okhudza chifukwa Werengerani Bobrinsky, mwana wa Catherine 2, apathengo, atakula kutali bwalo.

Grigory Orlov

Nkhani za amene anali Earl Bobrinsky, mwana wa Catherine 2, simungathe kuyamba popanda kutchula kwa atate wake - Grigory Orlov. Izi, ndiye mnyamata ndi wokongola kwambiri, kapitawo anaonekera pa bwalo la Elizabeth 1 mu 1760 ndipo pomwepo unayamba mbiri ya Don Juan. Pandzidzi chidwi ndi mkazi wa Tsesarevicha Petra Fedorovicha - Catherine, amene anatha kukwaniritsa yofunika kopita wokonda Msungichuma Office waukulu zida zankhondo ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri. A yofunika kwambiri makamaka mu moyo wa m'tsogolo Mfumukazi wamng'ono wa m'banja lachifumu anayamba kusewera atamwalira Elizabeth 1. Ndipo pamene Catherine anakhala mfumu, Orlov anakhala wamphamvu zonse ankakonda ndipo aliyense ulemu akanakhalapo.

mwana wapathengo

Ubwenzi Orlov ndi korona wolemekezeka anali chinsinsi kwa aliyense, kusiya mwamuna wake - pambuyo inalowa wake wachifumu - ndi sakondedwa mkazi linasamukira ku mapeto ena a nyumba yachifumu, ndipo anali asanamvepo anapita. Choncho Catherine chobisika pathupi, kuti n'zosatheka pochitika ngati "yovomerezeka". Mwamwayi, zonse zinayenda, chifukwa pamene April 11, 1762 Mfumukazi anali mu ntchito, valet Basil Shkurin anatentha nyumba yake, ndi Peter Fedorovich ndi ogwira anathamanga moto. Choncho kubadwa kwa mnyamata zodziwika kokha pang'ono pang'ono Catherine, ndipo iye anakwanitsa kupewa manyazi ndi m'ndende amonke.

Werengerani Bobrinsky, mwana wa Catherine 2: zaka zoyambilira

Mwana wobadwa chinsinsi cha Mfumu ndi bwalo, makolo dzina lake Alexei ndipo kusiya mu Zima Palace panalibe njira, anapereka kwa valet banja Shkurina kulamula iye kupereka mwana mwana wake. Patatha miyezi iwiri zochitika zimenezi zokhumba wotchuka, amene anapanga mayi ake pang'ono Alyosha mbuye wa boma akulu, ndi atate wake - mmodzi wa olemekezeka lamphamvu kwambiri pa Russian Ufumu. Koma zochitika zonsezi analibe mphamvu pa za tsogolo la mwanayo, ndi zaka 12 zakubadwa, anakulira mu zikhalidwe zomwezo monga ana ena angapo Shkurin. Ngakhale Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti valet si banja umphawi, ndi 1770, ana ake, pamodzi ndi Alexei pa mtengo anthu anali azikaphunzira ku Leipzig. Nditamaliza sukuluyi, iye anabwerera ku Russia, ndi mkulu wa Mfumukazi anayamba kulemekeza wake Alekseem Grigorevichem Bobrinskim.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Masiku ano akhoza kukhala wodabwa chifukwa bambo wamphamvu zonse sanathe kuzindikira mwana wa mkazi anakonda? Komabe, zimene zinachitikira mwana wapathengo wa Catherine 2, anthu a otchuka, amene anakhalako 18 zinali zomvetsa mu dongosolo. Makamaka, mayi achifumu adagula iye m'mudzi Spassky, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, Bobriki ili m'chigawo Epifanskie County Tula, ndipo anamuuza kuti adzalipereka dzina pa dzina la malo. Kuyambira kumatanthauza kukhala mnyamata anali kupita osati kwa chuma cha boma, koma likuvutika ndalama kuchokera serfs zawo. Choncho idamangidwa chuma masiku ano amadziwika kuti ndi Manor Bobrinskys chintchito.

Moyo ndi mwana wapathengo wa Catherine 2, mpaka ulamuliro wa Paulo 1

Atalandira maphunziro yaikulu kunja Alexei Bobrinsky anavomerezedwa mu pamtunda Cadet Corps, imene anamaliza 1782 ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi. Pambuyo pake, mnyamata m'gulu la asilikali mu udindo wa mkulu. Komabe, pamaso poganiza ntchito yake, Iye pamodzi ndi ena omaliza kwambiri wolemekezeka wa anati bungwe maphunziro watumidwa pa ulendo wopita ku mizinda Russia kenako Europe. Pa mapeto a ulendo iye kunapezeka kuti mnyamata Paris ndi n'kumaonera apo, zikubweretsa moyo zakutchire playboys wolemera. Pambuyo Zopatsa zosiyanasiyana, mphekesera zomwe chikwiyire Catherine 2, tsogolo Werengerani Alexei Bobrinsky anaonekera mu Russia okha m'nyengo yozizira 1788. Mayi sanafune amuone anamuuza kuti apite molunjika ku Riga kwa Revel, kumene iye anali kutumikira monga wachiwiri kapena woyendetsa. Koma ntchito asilikali sizinamusangalatse mnyamatayo, ndipo mu 1790 analemba lipoti kwa yosiya wake, amene anapatsidwa. Patapita nthawi, tsogolo Earl Bobrinsky (mwana wa Catherine 2) anagula, ndi chilolezo cha nkhaniyi, Castle Ober-Palen anakwatiwa Anna Ungern-Sternberg. Atakwatirana, banja anapita likulu, ndipo analandiridwa ndi manja awiri Mfumukazi, amene anafunsa mlongoyu mmene iyeyo saopa kukwatira munthu, zochitika chikondi udachita iye mbiri ya mwamunayo yamunthu? Komabe, Catherine 2 sanawaitane achinyamata kukhala pa bwalo. Choncho Alex Bobrinsky kumbuyo ndi mkazi wake Ober-Palen ndipo anakhala kumeneko mpaka kumwalira kwa mayi ake. Ndiye iye sangati kulingalira chomwe kusintha akudikira iye m'tsogolo.

Ntchito ya mutu wa Chiwerengero Alekseyu Bobrinskomu

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo inalowa wake wachifumu m'malo Catherine 2 anakumbukira theka m'bale. Mfundo yakuti Paulo 1 analibe chifukwa nsanje amadana ndi ana apathengo, chifukwa palibe mmodzi kapena ena kuti nawonso adziwe chikondi cha mayi. Iye anamuitana kuti St. Petersburg, ndipo m'kalata adanena kuti tsopano Aleksey Grigorevich Bobrinsky angadze ku likulu la dziko kupita nthawi ina iliyonse akufunira. Komanso, malamulo lachifumu linamangidwa mu ulemerero n'kulemba a. Choncho, wowopsa Russian andale, akazembe, industrialists ndi olemba Bobrinsky - chintchito, analandira udindo wa wachibale wake - Mfumu Paulo 1.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

1 Paulo nayenso anaganiza zobwerera Bobrinsky cholowa kulamulira cholowa Orlov napatsa Petersburg bambo ndi commandery nyumba m'boma Gdov. Komanso, pa tsiku la coronation wake, mfumu panokha ankalimbikitsa iye onse akuluakulu. Koma Werengerani Bobrinsky, chithunzi kuchokera chithunzi chosonyeza kufanana amphamvu Catherine 2, sanali usilikali. Choncho, patatha chaka iye anafunsidwa kupuma ndipo anaganiza mlimi. Kuyambira pamenepo, chuma cha Chiwerengero Bobrinsky Bogoroditsk kukhala mmodzi wa wotchuka kwambiri ndi chitsanzo chabwino Russia. Komanso, anapuma Major-General chinkhoswe mu mineralogy ndi zakuthambo, ngakhale anamanga zazikulu mu Observatory ake matauni ang'onoang'ono.

Bobrinsky (chintchito)

Kudzera mwana wapathengo wa Chiwerengero Orlova Ekaterina 2 anali zidzukulu anayi, Pakati woyeneradi wapadera kutchula Aleksey Alekseevich Bobrinsky anapanga katswiri wotchuka m'munda wa ulimi ndi woyambitsa wa mafakitale a Beet shuga mu Russia. No zochepa wotchuka anali mng'ono wake - Vasily, amene anali oyamba kubwera ku a Southern Society wa Decembrists. Ndi osangalala mwangozi pa tsiku kuti chinachitika mu St. Petersburg December kugalukira, iye anali ndi banja lake Paris, ndipo, kotero, sanali anamangidwa. Atabwerera ku Russia, iye anali otanganidwa ntchito estestvoispytatelskoy ndi ntchito zachifundo, makamaka m'dera la maphunziro onse.

Bobrinskys Manor lero

Mu 1933, chuma cha mtundu wotchuka Chiwerengero cha lidasandulika kukhala owonera zakale zovuta, yemwe ali mmodzi wa zokopa waukulu wa dera Tula. Mwa ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri - Palace ya akuwawerengera Bobrinskys, kulongosola m'dera kuphunzira zakale, kumanda banja, planetarium ndi paki yapamwamba, anayamba m'zaka 18 mochedwa. Iwo anasunga monga mpingo, anamumanga zaka 1774-1778 pa munda.

Bogoroditsk Museum Collection

Zosemasema ndi osiyanasiyana chidwi m'chipani ngakhale woyamba chuma mwini. Choncho, gulu limene linasonkhana Werengerani Bobrinsky (mwana wa Catherine 2) ndipo anakhala maziko a ndalama ya m'nyumbayi lovuta Bogoroditsk. Lero zikuphatikizapo zinthu zikwi zingapo. Pakati pa wapatali kwambiri kuoneka zotsatirazi:

• paleontological mndandanda wa nyama ndi mafupa wa Pleistocene lothandiza;
• zotsalira pofukula monga nkhwangwa mwala wa Mkuwa Age;
• Mabaibulo moyo ntchito za K. E. Tsiolkovskogo;
• katundu ndi mamembala a Bobrinskys mtundu.

Bobrinskys Palace

Alendo kuyendera dera Tula, onetsetsani kuti analimbikitsa pitani mu Bogoroditsk. Ili kumeneko nyumba ndi paki gulu loyimba ndi chilengedwe cha wotchuka wamanga I. E. Starova ndi chitsanzo chapamwamba za mamangidwe a kumapeto kwa nyengo Catherine. Lero ndi kukhulupirira kuti Chiwerengero Bobrinsky Bogoroditsk yachifumu anali lowonongeka panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri - gawo chabe la mpanda anakhalabe za izo. Zikomo ntchito yaikulu kubwezeretsedwa ikuchitika m'ma 1970, izi zazikulu mapulani dongosolo wabwezeretsedwa, ndi Interiors kuti kulengedwanso ku kupulumuka waona komanso woonerera. Mwa njira, angapo kudziwa kuti chuma cha Chiwerengero Bobrinskys anali odziwika Lvu Tolstomu, yemwe amakhala ku Yasnaya Polyana ili pafupi ndi malo amenewa. Mwa njira, iye anafotokoza mu "Anna Karenina" monga munda Alekseya Vronskogo. Ndipo Werengerani Bobrinsky Museum Bogoroditsk nawo Onse-Russian Mpikisanowo "7 zodabwitsa za Russia", umene amachitika 2007-2008. Ndi theka-omaliza!

Woyendayenda pa dera Tula, mutsimikize kukaona Chiwerengero Bobrinsky Museum, amene nyumba ndi woona mapulani mwala, nthawi zonse amalemekezedwa alendo amene sayembekezera kuona ulemerero ngati kuchigawo chimenechi.