History of Russia: anaima pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

M'nkhaniyi tiona njira ya Civil nkhondo, ndipo zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira, mukhoza kuphunzira kuchokera kwa ena.

Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni mu Russia chinachitika mu zaka za m'ma 20, pakati pa magulu osiyana siyana, amene lotsogoledwa ndi Bolsheviks ndi owatsutsa. Cholinga cha mbali zonse - kulanda boma mphamvu. Padakali palibe kugwirizana za tsiku inayamba nkhondo ku Russia. Olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti October 1917, pamene ena - mu kasupe-chilimwe '18.

Anaima pa nkhondo ku Russia:

1. gawo loyamba la nkhondo yapachiweniweni inayamba mu May ndipo November wa '18 ndi mapangidwe malo osunga motsutsa Bolsheviks. Mu February, mu Petrograd (tsopano St. Petersburg) ndi Moscow SRs magulu ankhondo Cadets ndi Mensheviks analengedwa ndi "Russian Chitsitsimutso Union". Mu March, panali "kutetezeredwa Union Ufulu ndi Mama" kutsogoleredwa ndi B. V. Savinkova. Anti-Bolshevik kayendedwe kufalitsa mwa Cossacks. Pa Urals kum'mwera ndinapita kukaima A. I. Dutov ndi Kuban ndi Don - mbewu. PN Krasnov. Mu North Caucasus aumbike Muzikonza Army kutsogoleredwa ndi L. G. Kornilova ndi M. V. Alekseeva, amene anadzakhala maziko a White kuyenda. Ndi thandizo la German boma jini anapereka ku Ukraine. Krasnov.

Kuyambira May 1918 zinachitikadi mu ndondomeko otchedwa Russian "nkhondo chikominisi." Mu September, dziko linayamba ndondomeko ya "mantha wofiira" ndi "mantha woyera."

Mu March chaka chomwecho asilikali French, United States ndi England kuti anafika Murmansk, asilikali Japanese - mu Vladivostok, Germany litatenga dera la Ukraine, Crimea ndi gawo la North Caucasus. Mu May, mu Urals, ndi dera Volga ndi Siberia anayamba kulankhula odana Soviet asilikali Czechoslovak, imene inali umangokhala kale anali akaidi a nkhondo. Chifukwa cha kupanduka uyu anali chiwonongeko cha mphamvu Soviet ku Siberia ndi Urals, ndi mapangidwe wotsatira wa boma latsopano Mensheviks ndi Socialist-boma ndi Cadets.

July 17 anawomberedwa popanda banja mayesero achifumu.

Mu kugwa kwa asilikali '18 Czechoslovak anafika Volga Mtsinje. Molamulidwa ndi Vatsetis (kuchokera July 19 - Kamenev) ndi iwo inakhalapo a kummawa Front, amene anali wokhoza kumenya Czechs kugwila Samara, Kazan ndi Simbirsk. Gawo loyamba inatha kubwezeretsa kwa mphamvu Soviet mu Urals ndi dera Volga.

2. Magawo a nkhondo yapachiweniweni: lachiwiri. Ndipamene likulu la chiwembu kudutsa dziko, kayendedwe motsutsa Bolsheviks anali pa apogee ake.

November 1918 - AV Kolchak nagubuduza Directory ndi amakhazikitsa kupondereza asilikali. Iye akuti yekha "Wolamulira Wamkulu wa onse Russia." Ndiye Denikin ogwirizana North Caucasus ndi Kuban ndi Don Muzikonza Army pa VSYUR kuti July 1919 kunali kale kuposa 160 000 anthu. asilikali, pansi pa utsogoleri wa Denikin mu March '19 likuthandiza Donbass. Kumpoto kwa dziko ndi thandizo la Entente kutsogoleredwa ndi General E. K. Millera anapanga gulu lankhondo, NN Yudenich akukonza ulendo pa Petrograd, ndi mu Ukraine kumbali ya Petliura Chili ufulu wodzilamulira. Zolinga za atsogoleri amenewa anali nkhonya ku Soviet Union, imene sanathe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi chifukwa cha mkangano kusemphana maganizo.

Mu gawo lachiwiri Komanso yowonjezera lonse phukusi, ndi achire wa asilikali ochokera m'mayiko ena ku dera la Russia. Mu April-August '19 kudzipatula asilikali US, England, Germany ndi France.

3. anaima pa Civil nkhondo: wachitatu (March 1919 -1920 gg.). nthawi iyi nkhondo zoopsa, imene zinaonekeratu kuti tidzapambana pa kulimbana mphamvu, Bolsheviks anapambana.

Mu November '18 akuyamba amanyansidwa kutsogoleredwa ndi Kolchak. December 25 asilikali ake wotanganidwa Perm, ndi 31 mwezi womwewo wa pasadakhale awo unatha. Mu March '19 Kolchak asilikali akuyamba amanyansidwa kwa Volga, pamafunika Ufa, kubwera ku Samara ndi Simbirsk. Mu April '19 East Front asilikali anamuletsa, ndi m'chilimwe mu Siberia anataya. Kusakhutira ndi guerillas ili mfundo bungwe kupanduka a. Kumayambiriro kwa '20 Kolchak mpirawo.

Mu May '19, molamulidwa ndi Yudenich akuyamba zolawula pa Petrograd, amene kugwira Red Army. Mu October, asilikali anakankhira Yudenich mu Estonia ndipo pali disarmed.

Mu July 1919 Ukraine analanda Denikin ndipo akuyamba zolawula pa Moscow. Asilikali ake ndi September analanda Mphungu, Kursk ndi Voronezh. Kumayambiriro 1920, asilikali Denikin anali wosweka, ndi mphamvu Bolshevik kum'mwera kwa dziko limzake.

4. mbali yomaliza ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni (unachitikira mu 1920 - 1922).

Mu April 1920 Wrangel osankhidwa "wolamulira wa dziko lonse la kum'mwera kwa Russia." Ndipamene "Russian asilikali" imene imayamba amanyansidwa motsutsa Donbass. Mu October, asilikali Wrangel anagonjetsedwa ndipo anathamangitsidwa ku Crimea. Kugonjetsedwa kwa Wrangel kunali kutha kwa nkhondo, ngakhale matumba kukaniza anakhalabe mu zigawo malire a Russia.

zomvetsa Russian mu magawo a nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi zoopsa. Anthu anatsika ndi anthu okwana 12 miliyoni, ndipo okwana kuwonongeka zachuma analipo oposa 50 biliyoni. Rubles.