Borovitsky phiri: kufotokoza mwachidule ndi mbiri

Borovitsky phiri - malo kumene kunali Pamudzi chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa maziko a Moscow boma likulu. Malowa ali pamtunda pa confluence la Mtsinje Moskva mu Neglinnaya. Kale, izo chidafundidwa ndi zomera wandiweyani, mitengo makamaka coniferous ndi pine. Malowa kukhala malo ena magulu a anthu ndipo chiwerengero cha zikhalidwe ofukula zinthu zakale.

Siteji koyamba

Borovitsky phiri kalelo anali woyamba litadzala ndi alenje ndi asodzi (Fatyanovo nthawi). Kenaka m'malo mwa anthu ubusa (Diakonoff siteji), kenako malowo anali kale yothetsa zone mwachindunji anthu Asilavo: Vyatichi ndi Krivichy. Akatswiri kupeza zotsalira za kukhala kuno mu mawonekedwe a n'chodabwitsa. Pali maganizo oti m'zaka 11 Borovitsky phiri anali kuthetsa ndi mpanda yaing'ono, palisade matabwa, ndi dzenje.

The chosonyeza loyamba

malowo anali woyamba kutchulidwa mbiri mu 1147 mogwirizana ndi phwando, amene anapereka Rostov-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky angakuthandizeni ake. Pali umboni kuti patapita kanthawi, analamula kuti amange linga matabwa pano. Komabe, pali maganizo kuti munali chuma cha Boyar milu, amene anali mokakamiza chomuyenera ndipo inasanduka patrimony otengera kwa makolo kalonga. Zaphindu malo Hrs kenako anatsogolera chakuti Borovitsky phiri wotanganidwa kwambiri pa mapeto a malinga mu limati kumpoto kum'mawa.

kusamuka

ang'onoang'ono nthawi kugawikana zinali zodzaza ndi ndewu ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa akalonga, amene anavutika kwambiri chabe anthu wamba. Kufunafuna chitetezo kwaokha analawira m'nyumba zawo ndipo anatumizidwa ku malo akutali ndi otetezeka. Zinali wokongola amphamvu kusamuka utuluke, zimene zinachititsa kuti kusuntha latsopano m'chigawochi. Borovitsky Hill mu Moscow nayenso anakhala malo othawirako. Komabe adanyamuka malo ake mzinda zambiri chandamale kuukira ndi looting: m'zaka 11 kuti anatentha Ryazan kalonga m'ma 13, iye anali pansi owonongedwa zoopsa chifukwa cha kuukira Batu rati.

zimachititsa chilumbachi

Masiku ano, pali Red Square, gawo la China-mzinda. Mbali apamwamba amatchedwa Makovytsya, kutanthauza korona. Apa ndi Cathedral Square ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zikuluzikulu kachisi m'dziko lathu - mkulu wa mabishopu Cathedral wa Akukwera. Choncho, Borovitsky Hill inasandulika chilikati cha likulu tsogolo ndi phata la boma latsopano. Izi makamaka anatsimikiza mtima wake yabwino malo Hrs, wolemera zachilengedwe ndi kuteteza malo awa ku wongosamukasamuka ndi Chitata, amene amakopeka kwambiri wa anthu pano pa ulamuliro wa Tartar goli. M'mphepete Hill dzina lake lbische kapena malo kuphedwa: kuchokera pano kukhazikitsa kupempha anthu a mafumu ndi makolo akale.

dzina

Chiyambi cha dzina "Borovitsky Hill" chifukwa peculiarities wa zinthu zachilengedwe komanso malo. Pali view kuti chinatchedwa choncho chifukwa chidafundidwa mu nkhalango. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, malo dzina lake kuchokera ku mawu "Borovica", kutanthauza danga kumene nkhalango kapena nkhalango. Onse malingaliro ofanana ndi mzake, ndi kukhulupirika kwa kopanda ichi chimaoneka ndi chakuti nyumba oyambirira apa n'zogwirizana ndi dzina limenelo, monga mpingo ndi kunyumba. Ikufotokoza yankho la funso za chifukwa Borovitsky phiri wotchedwa.

Ages Middle

Mbiri wotsatira malowa chikugwirizana ndi ulamuliro wa woyamba Moscow akalonga, amene ankagwira nyumba yake. Pansi Ivan Kalita pano linakhazikitsidwa ndi tinamanga matchalitchi angapo, ndipo zaka zitatu asanafe - thundu Kremlin. Pamene mdzukulu wake, wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, ntchito yomanga mpanda mwala kuzungulira likulu, amene anathandiza kwambiri kuteteza mzinda ku nkhondo ya Chilituyaniya Grand Duke, ndi Chitata khan. The nyumba yatsopano wakhala anamanga kunja kwa mpanda akale. The makulidwe a makoma watsopano kuchokera mamita awiri kapena atatu. chiwerengero zokhalamo m'gulu ngalande, embankments. Makoma zida ndi munakhazikitsa. Pamene Ivan III anayamba kumanga nyumba yatsopano ya boma la Russia, nthawi zimenezi wa njerwa. Yomanga chake ndinatenga pafupi zaka khumi.

nthawi yatsopano

Mu nyumba m'ma 17 pa phiri Borovitsky anapitiriza kachiwiri. Pali zamangidwa mpingo, belfry zipinda ndi nyumba za mafumu. nsanja anapangidwa hema-kalembedwe, mwanjira iwo apirira. Pamene woyamba Russian mfumu pano inamangidwa nyumba zida, koma kenaka, mogwirizana ndi kulanda likulu kuti St. Petersburg nyumba, mwatsoka, ndinayima. Kutanthauza Borovitsky lalitali osati zochitika za Grand Duchy wa Moscow, komanso mu Russia ambiri. chakuti malo umenewu wakhala maziko a boma wogwirizana, atakhala likulu la akulumikiza m'mayiko anamwazikana ndi maukulu. Yabwino njira ndi zachuma kufunika zatenganso mbali yaikulu chitukuko ndi patsogolo.