Panali mayiko ambiri mu USSR? 15 mayiko wakale wa dziko la USSR

Soviet Union unakhazikitsidwa pa bwinja la ufumu wakale Russian. Iye anali mmodzi wa malo awiri a mphamvu mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. Kuti Union atachititsidwa kugonjetsedwa zikuluzikulu Nazi Germany, ndipo kugwa kwake kunali mwambo kwambiri za m'ma hafu pasiti. Kodi mayiko wakale wa Soviet Union, ife adzamvetsa m'nkhani yotsatira.

Mavuto a dziko ndi boma madzulo a zikamera wa Soviet Union

Panali mayiko ambiri mu USSR? funso limeneli kupereka mayankho osiyana, chifukwa pa siteji koyamba mapangidwe a boma la chiwerengero chawo sakhala sichinasinthe. Kuwerenga izi kumvetsa, tiyeni tione mbiri. Pakutha pa Civil nkhondo, dera la ndife anali kani variegated osiyanasiyana mabungwe osiyana mitundu ndi boma. udindo wawo nthawi zambiri amadalira zinthu zankhondo ndiponso zandale, mphamvu ya mabungwe boma ndi zinthu zina. Komabe, ngati chikoka ndi mphamvu ya Bolsheviks funso amakhala mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa boma ndi boma. Malangizo a CPSU (b) sanali anagwirizana maganizo pa kapangidwe tsogolo la dziko. Ambiri mwa mamembala a chipani amakhulupirira kuti boma ayenera kumangidwa pamaziko a mfundo unitary, wosafuna kutenga nkhani zikuluzikulu mitundu, anthu ena anasonyeza kusamala za mitundu ina kukhalanso monga mbali ya dziko. Koma mawu wotsiriza unali kwa VI Lenin.

Zovuta vuto mu kuya kwa CPSU (b)

mayiko anaumba Soviet Union, malinga ndi Lenin, ayenera kudziyimira pawokha zina, koma kuzindikira vutoli kobvuta zokwanira, anaona kufunika kwa kusanthula wapadera. Funso limeneli anaikizidwa Committee chapakati kudziwika katswiri pa National Funso IV Stalin. Iye analimbikitsa wochirikiza zogwirizana wa kudziyimira pawokha mwa mayiko onse a boma latsopano. Pa Civil Nkhondo m'dera la RSFSR ndi anapambana mfundo federalism, Koma ubale wa mayiko palokha kumutsogolera kudzera mapangano wapadera. Koma vuto lina lalikulu anali ndi amphamvu mtundu amaganiza achikomyunizimu pansi. mikangano Zonsezi zovuta ayenera n'komwe mu mapangidwe boma latsopano.

Yambani ntchito pa chilengedwe cha boma limodzi

Ndi chiyambi cha 1922 pa gawo phunziro kwa Russia, panali 185 anthu. Nawo ayenera kumwedwa nkhani zonse, ngakhale mokoma zazing'ono, koma m'kati chilengedwe Soviet Union sanali chisankho okha kuchokera kumwamba, zili ndi namtindi wa misa otchuka. maphunziro Soviet anali achilendo ndi chifukwa - kufunika mogwirizana nkhope ya limati zikuoneka ankhanza. Kukhala mfundo za gulu la ntchito yapadera analengedwa Komiti Executive chapakati cha tsogolo la dziko. Mu kuya kwa kulumikizana kotere chatsimikizidwa kuti chitsanzo cha kukhalapo kwa RSFSR ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri kupanga boma latsopano. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi padabwera ndi anthu amphamvu kutsutsidwa ndi komiti ya m'madera dziko. Stalin anali okonda pang'ono kwa podzudzula udindo wake. Kuyesa njira, anaganiza pa South Caucasus. m'dera chofunika mwapadera. Panali zambiri cholinga zotsutsana dziko. Makamaka, Georgia kwa zaka zochepa ufulu ali anakwanitsa kumanga chuma ndi ubwenzi kunja bwino. Armenia ndi Azerbaijan kuchitira wina ndi mzake ndi kukayikirana mangawawo.

Kusiyana Stalin ndi Lenin pa mapangidwe wa USSR

kuyesera inathera ndi Kulenga kwa Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic monga gawo la Armenia, Georgia ndi Azerbaijan. Mwa njira imeneyi, iwo anayenera kulowa mu dziko latsopano. Kumapeto kwa August 1922 Moscow ntchito unakhazikitsidwa kugwiritsa pophatikizana. Malinga ndi dongosolo la "autonomization" IV Stalin ziwalo zonse za Union adzakhala kudziyimira pawokha zochepa. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Lenin anadumphirapo, iye anakana dongosolo Stalin. Malinga ndi iye lingaliro la mayiko wakale wa dziko la USSR, ayenera kukhala ogwirizana pamaziko a Mapangano wamphumphu. Mu buku lino polojekiti inatheka chifukwa ambiri a plenum a Komiti chapakati cha CPSU (b). Komabe, Georgia sanafune kulowa maphunziro atsopano pagulu ngati gawo la Federation Transcaucasian. Anaumirira pa mapeto a pangano osiyana ndi Union, ndi TSFSR. Koma wapanikizidwa likulu la Chijojiya Achikominisi anakakamizika amavomereza dongosolo pachiyambi.

Union maphunziro a Soviet Socialist

Mu December 1922, a Congress la Soviet Union analengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Union of Soviet mayiko Socialist wa RSFSR, ndi Ukraine, Byelorussia ndi Federation Transcaucasian. Ndi mayiko angati Soviet Union panthawi ya pakuwonekera kwake. Pamaziko a Pangano anali kulenga boma mgwirizano watsopano monga chitaganya cha limati palokha ndipo pomwe zonse kutuluka ndi ufulu khomo kapangidwe kake. Komabe, panali kwenikweni kutuluka ndondomeko alembedwa mu mpingo m'njira iliyonse mwalamulo kuti igwirizane ndi zovuta. bomba ichi, anabzala m'tsinde mwa boma, ndi mphamvu yonse anasonyeza lokha pa nthawi ya kugwa Soviet, chifukwa mu zaka 90 za dziko, inali mbali ya Union, sakanakhoza mwalamulo ndi maziko kutukuka kuti mupewe umembala wake, chimene chinapangitsa kuti zochitika wamagazi . mfundo yachilendo, malonda, zachuma, chitetezo, misewu ndi mauthenga amene anapereka akuluakulu chapakati cha USSR.

Komanso kukula kwa dziko la Soviet Union

Chotsatira mu mapangidwe boma wakhala dziko-utsogoleri demarcation ku Central Asia. m'gawo lake lili yaikulu Turkestan Republic, komanso kakang'ono gawo awiri - Bukhara ndi Khorezm mayiko. Chifukwa cha zokambirana zambiri mu Komiti ku Central inakhazikitsidwa Chiuzibeki ndi Chitekimeni Soviet mayiko. USSR ku woyamba ndiye anasankha Chitajiki Republic, imodzi ya gawo lawo anaperekedwa kwa ulamuliro wa Kazakhstan, amenenso anakhala wogwirizana ndi mabwalo. Kirghiz wakhazikitsa Republic yoyenda yokha mkati RSFSR, koma pa mapeto a makumi Mu zaka zapitazo izo zimasintha n'kukhala Republic Federal. Ndipo dera la SSR Chiyukireniya wakhala allocated mu Republic of Moldova Federal. Choncho, kumapeto kwa khumi chachiwiri deta m'ma lomaliza za momwe mayiko ambiri ku Soviet Union anasintha.

Mu mmasate, palinso anasintha structural mu Union. Popeza Federation Transcaucasian anali mawonekedwe poyamba sanali yotheka, mu Constitution watsopano wa USSR, izo n'komwe. Mu 1936 izo unatha, ndipo Georgia, Armenia ndi Azerbaijan, likulu anamaliza zosiyanasiyana analandira udindo wa mgwirizano mayiko wa USSR.

Baltic States mu USSR

Siteji yotsatira mapangidwe a Mgwirizano wa mapeto a mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo. Ndiye, chifukwa cha zinthu zovuta mfundo yachilendo m'dziko lathu kupita ku mgwirizano ndi Germany, zimene zinachititsa mfundo ndi aukali Europe. Western Ukraine ndi Belarus anali gawo la Poland kugwirizanitsa mbiri mtundu wina ndi kukutetezani m'malire awo kumadzulo, pakati pa USSR ndi Germany zinasaina pangano "Molotov-Ribbentrop ke" ndi protocol chinsinsi. Malinga ndi iye, mchikakamizo cha dziko lathu adachoka dera la kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Polingalira za malo ankhanza kwambiri mlandu Baltic limati kasamalidwe kuti akhala anayambitsa ndi Red Army pa dera la Latvia, Lithuania ndi Estonia boma lovomerezeka anali inathetsedwa. M'malo mwake anayamba kumanga dongosolo la ndale kutsatira chitsanzo cha Soviet Union. Republic anapatsidwa udindo wa ukwati. Ndipo kunali kotheka kuwerenga kachiwiri, momwe mayiko ambiri ku Soviet Union basi isanayambe nkhondo ndi Germany.

Kutha kwa dziko la Soviet Union

Ndi angati Soviet Soviet Union kusanachitike kugwa chiyani? Kumapeto kwa Mipingo ya Union a Union m'gulu:

• RSFSR;
• Chiyukireniya SSR;
• Byelorussian SSR;
• Chimoludaviyani SSR;
• Chikazaki SSR ;
• Chitekimeni SSR;
• Chitajiki SSR;
• Chiuzibeki SSR;
• Kirghiz SSR ;
• Chilituyaniya SSR;
• Chilativiya SSR;
• Estonia SSR;
• Chijojiya SSR;
• Chiameniya SSR;
• Chiazebajani SSR.

The mavuto azachuma ndi zotsutsana dziko ndi utsogoleri ofooka zinachititsa kuti kugwa kwa boma la Soviet. 15 mayiko wakale wa dziko la USSR, analandira mu njira zonsezi, zonse ulamuliro wadziko ndi kupangidwa boma lawo.