Wotchuka wolemba msilikali

The Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, amene anakhala mu mbiri ya anthu kwambiri wamagazi inatenga pafupifupi 4 zaka, izo kumaonekera mtima wa tsoka lililonse zachiwawa imene inapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.

Ogwiritsa cholembera: choonadi cha nkhondo

likunena kuwonjezeka ngakhale kukula mtunda zosatha pakati pa zochitika zimenezo lakutali chidwi mu mutu wa nkhondo; m'badwo panopa sakhala chidwi ndi kulimba mtima komanso ungwazi asilikali Soviet. A mbali yaikulu pa kulondola wa zochitika pa zaka nkhondo ankaimba mawu ikulongosola za olemba ndi ndakatulo, zolemba, waima, kuwatsogolera ndi mantha. Ndi iwo - olemba ndi asilikali ndakatulo-kutsogolo-mzere, anathera unyamata wake pa nkhondo, anauzidwa kuti mbiri ya m'badwo wamakono wa miyoyo anthu ndi zochita za anthu, limene ankadalira moyo zina. Writers wamagazi nkhondo zoona anafotokoza ntchito yake m'mlengalenga kutsogolo, kayendedwe zigawenga, zovuta atayenda ndi moyo kumbuyo, ubale wamphamvu msilikali, ndi ungwazi wosimidwa, chinyengo ndi wamantha chothaŵa.

Creative m'badwo anabadwa nkhondo

Wolemba msilikali - ndi m'badwo osiyana anthu amunamuna amene aona mavuto nkhondo ndi maphokoso nkhondo nthawi. Ena mwa iwo anaphedwa pa kutsogolo, ena moyo kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo anafa, monga iwo amati, osati ku ukalamba ndi zilonda akale.

1924 zinali zodzaza ndi kubadwa kwa mbadwo wonse wa asilikali, kudadziwika dziko: Boris Vasilyev, Viktor Astafjevs, Julia Drunina, Bulat Okudzhava, Vasil Bykov. Izi analemba anamenyela, amene mndandanda si zochuluka, anakumana ndi nkhondo pa nthawi imene ndinangowasiya zaka 17.

Boris Vasiliev - munthu zapadera

Pafupifupi onse anyamata ndi atsikana 20s sakanakhoza kupulumutsidwa ku yoopsa nkhondo. Iwo anapulumuka okha 3% umene unali Boris Vasilyev chozizwitsa. Iye akanakhoza anafa m'chaka 34 enaake a pakhungu mu 41st mu chilengedwe, mu 43. la - anga anatambasula. Patsogolo pa mnyamatayo anadzipereka, anali apakavalo Regiment, ndi mfuti kusukulu, kumenyana mu Regiment airborne, iye anaphunzira ku usilikali Academy. Nkhondo itatha anagwira ntchito Urals Tester inamva ndi galimoto matayala. Iye m'chipatala ndi udindo wa injiniya-mkulu mu 1954; chifukwa demobilization - kufuna kuchita zinthu zolembalemba.

Asilikali phunziro lathu wolemba odzipereka ntchito monga "Mndandanda sakutanthauza", "Mawa Anali nkhondo", "Mwamunayu", "Musati kuwombera mu swans woyera". Boris Vasilyev anatchuka kwambiri pambuyo buku mu 1969, buku "The mabukuwa Apa Kodi Bata ...", amene ankachitika mu 1971 pa zisudzo pa Taganka Yuri Lyubimov ndi picturized Stanislav Rostotsky mu 1972. Malinga ndi wolemba nkhani izo anawomberedwa 20 mafilimu, kuphatikizapo "Apolisi", "Mawa Anali nkhondo", "Ata-awiri, Asilikali anali kupita ...".

Wolemba msilikali: MBIRI Victor Astafieva

Viktor Astafjevs, monga ambiri olemba-anamenyela Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ntchito zake zinasonyeza nkhondo monga tsoka lalikulu monga taonera mwa maso a msilikali wamba - munthu amene ali maziko a asilikali lonse; zifika chilango wochuluka, ndi mphoto molambalala pambali yake. Izi gulu, theka autobiographical fano la kutsogolo-mzere msilikali, moyo limodzi ndi anzake ndi accustom molimba mtima kuyang'anizana ndi imfa diso, Astafjevs makamaka liwonerere kwa iyemwini ndi anzake nkhondo, zosiyana wake amadalira-tylovikov, ambiri a iwo ankakhala ndi mtima wabwino zone mazunzo mu nkhondo. Kwa iwo, iye, monga olemba ndakatulo zina ndi olemba-anamenyela Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anali kunyoza kwambiri.

Mlembi wa ntchito zimenezi otchuka monga "Mfumu ya Nsomba", "Wotembereredwa ndi kuphedwa", "Last uta" kuti kudzipereka kwake ankaimbidwa ku West ndi chizolowezi chauvinism, zomwe otsutsa anaona m'mabuku ake, m'tsogolo linasiyidwa kuti boma la tsogolo kwa amene anamenyana, anatumiza kudzatifera mu kumudzi kwawo. Kuti ndi malipiro owawa unkalipiridwa Viktoru Astafevu - munthu amene anachita mfundo, ndi mtima wofuna kulankhula choonadi, zowawa ndi chisoni. Choonadi cha zomwe si chete mu ntchito zawo analemba anamenyela Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo; Alonga kuti anthu Russian, amene osati anapambana, koma anataya kwambiri palokha, pamodzi ndi chikoka cha Fascism ndi mphamvu ogwetsa a dongosolo Soviet ndiponso magulu omwe mkati.

Bulat Okudzhava nthawi zana manyazi likamalowa ...

Ndakatulo ndi nyimbo ya Bulat Okudzhava ( "Pemphero," "Pakati pa Usiku trolley", "panyengo drummer", "Nyimbo ya asilikali nsapato ') amadziwa dziko lonse; buku lake "Akudalitseni inu, katswiri," "kukakumana ndi Bonaparte", "Ulendo dilettantes" ndi zina mwa ntchito zabwino olemba Russian prose. Mumadziwika mafilimu - "Zhenya, Zhenya ndi Katyusha", "Wokhulupirika", ndi screenwriter adawonekera ndi m'badwo kuposa wina, komanso wotchuka "Chibelarusi pasiteshoni ya sitima", pomwe iye anachita songwriter. The repertoire wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka woimba limapezeka nyimbo 200, omwe ali wodzazidwa ndi mbiri yake. Bulat Okudzhava, ngati wina analemba anamenyela (chithunzi Tingaone pamwamba) ndi chizindikiro chapadera cha nthawi yake; zoimbaimba ake anagulitsidwa kunja, ngakhale kupanda zithunzi za ulaliki. Amaonetsa nawo maganizo awo olakwika ndipo anabweretsa anzawo ndi anzawo. Nyimbo "Tiyenera chigonjetso," ku kanema "The Chibelarusi Railway Station" anaimba dziko lonse.

Nkhondo Bulat anakumana pa zaka seventini, adachoka pambuyo kalasi chinayi kutsogolo mongodzipereka. Msilikali, asilikali, mtondo, kumenyana makamaka North-Caucasus Front, iye anavulazidwa ndi ndege mdani, ndipo pambuyo mankhwala anali mu lolemera zida zankhondo Lamulo. Mawu a Bulat Okudzhava (ndipo anagwirizana naye anzake - olemba-anamenyela), nkhondo saopa onse, ngakhale amene ankaganiza kuti iwo anali braver kuposa ena.

Nkhondo mwa maso a Vasil Bykov

A wochokera banja Chibelarusi wamba, Vasil Bykov anapita kutsogolo ali ndi zaka 18 ndipo ndinamenya pamaso chigonjetso, ndi mayiko monga Romania, Hungary, Austria. Iye anavulazidwa kawiri; Pambuyo demobilization anakhala mu Belarus, mumzinda wa Grodno. Nkhani yaikulu ntchito yake si nkhondo yokha (amene akadalembedwa ndi azambiriyakale, osati olemba-anamenyela), ndi mphamvu ya mzimu wa munthu, umene kumaonekera zinthu zovuta. Munthu ayenera kukhala mwamuna ndi moyo choonadi, koma mu nkhani iyi ndi apulumuke pa mtundu wa anthu. NKHANI prose Bykov anakhala nthawi koti anthu otsutsa Soviet mu kunyoza wa akuda Soviet. Makina ambiri baiting, kufufuza pa zokolola za ntchito zake, kuletsa akhala anakonza. Chifukwa zoterezi ndi kuwonongeka lakuthwa mu thanzi, wolemba anauzidwa kuti achoke kwawo ndi moyo nthawi mu Czech Republic (dziko la chifundo), ndiye mu Finland ndi Germany.

Ntchito wotchuka wa wolemba: "imfa ya munthu," "Crane kulira", "Alpine Ballad", "Krugloye Bridge", "Akufa sizimapweteka". Mawu a Chingiz Aitmatov, ng'ombe anali anasunga tsoka la zoona ndiponso zinthu m'malo mwa m'badwo wonse. Mabuku ena akhala anajambula: "Kukhala mpaka mbandakucha", "Chachitatu roketi".

Olemba anamenyela: nkhondo mizere ya ndakatulo

Patsogolo pa mtsikana luso Julia Drunina, monga ambiri olemba-anamenyela, ndinadzipereka. Mu 1943 iye analandira bala, chifukwa cha zomwe zinali zobvomerezeka yosagwira ndi malo a. Kenaka ndi kubwerera ku kutsogolo, Julia anamenyera mu Baltic ndi Pskov dera. Mu 1944 izo kachiwiri concussion napeza kukhala zosafunika kwa utumiki zina. Ndi udindo wa anga, dongosolo la Red Star ndi Zikho "Pakuti Mtima" Julia pambuyo pa nkhondo anamasulidwa ndakatulo zosonkhanitsira "greatcoat The msilikali", odzipereka kutsogolo-mzerewo. Iye analandira mu Writers 'Union ndi onse m'gulu msilikali wa nkhondo ndakatulo, kunena m'badwo nkhondo.

Pamodzi ndi ntchito ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zopereka monga "Alamu", "Inu ndinu wotsatira", "Mzanga," "dziko - unyamata", "ngalande nyenyezi" Julia Drunina zimayesetsa ntchito mabuku ndi chikhalidwe, anali kupereka mphatso yapamwamba, kangapo Anasankha membala wa matabwa mkonzi wa nyuzipepala lalikulu ndi magazini, mlembi wa komiti ya mayanjano zosiyanasiyana za olemba. Ngakhale kulemekeza chilengedwe ndi kuzindikira, kwathunthu Julia anapereka ndakatulo ananena mu vesi udindo wa akazi mu nkhondo, kulimba mtima ndiponso kulolerana, komanso zosagwirizana wa wopatsa moyo zachikazi ndi kupha ndi chiwonongeko.

Yury Bondarev: tsoka la munthu

Olemba anamenyela ndi ntchito zawo adzipangira chopereka kwambiri pa mabuku, theka la ana a chowonadi cha zochitika za zaka nkhondo. Mwina munthu ndi anzake ndiponso achibale athu kumenyana nawo mbali ndi mbali nakhala zinachitika nkhani yochepa kapena mabuku.

Mu 1941, Yuri Bondarev - wolemba tsogolo - pamodzi ndi anzawo nawo ntchito yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri; pambuyo sukulu oyenda kumenyana Stalingrad kazembe matope mawerengedwe. Ndiye contusion, frostbite wofatsa ndi kuvulala mmbuyo, musakhale chopinga za kubweranso kwa mbali yakutsogolo kumasulidwa kwa Kiev, anabwera kutali kwa Poland ndi Czechoslovakia. Pambuyo demobilization, Yuri Bondarev analowa Institute zolembalemba kwa iwo. Gorky, kumene iye anali mwayi kuti ku msonkhano kulenga kutsogoleredwa ndi Konstantina Paustovskogo, wolemba tsogolo kuphunzitsa chikondi cha luso lalikulu la cholembera ndi luso kunena maganizo awo. moyo wanga wonse Yuri anakumbukira fungo la achisanu, olimba ngati mwala, ndipo mkate kukoma msilikali phala, amayaka mu steppes ozizira a Stalingrad, ayezi ozizira chisanu calcined zipolopolo, zitsulo kuti imaonekera mu magolovesi ndi fumbi Fungo la makatiriji anakhala ndi chete m'chipululu kumwamba usiku. Creative analemba asilikali atagonjetsa ndi exigencies mgwirizano wa mwamuna ndi chilengedwe, kuthedwa nzeru zake, ndi pa yomweyo mphamvu zosaneneka ndi opirira, mu nthawi zana pamaso kuwonjezeka ngozi yoopsa.

Kudziwika Yuri Bondarev anabweretsa nkhani "The volleys Last" ndi "battalions The akufunsidwa kuti moto", bwino kusonyeza chenicheni cha nkhondo. Mutu wa Stalinist kupondereza ankawakonda ntchito "Chete", wolemekezeka kwambiri mwa otsutsawo. Mu buku wotchuka "Hot Snow" zikuchepa anakweza mutu wa ungwazi anthu Soviet pa mayeso ovuta kwambiri kwa iye; Mlembi amafotokoza masiku otsiriza a Nkhondo ya Stalingrad ndi anthu amene anali kuteteza Mama awo ndi mabanja awo kwa Nazi. Mfundo wofiira akuthamanga onse Stalingrad wolemba nkhondo Mwamunayu ngati chizindikiro cha mphamvu msilikali ndiponso kulimba mtima. Bondarev konse anawonjezapo nkhondo ndipo anasonyeza "amuna pang'ono lalikulu" amene ntchito yawo: kuteteza dziko.

Mu nkhondo, Yuri Bondarev potsiriza kumvetsa kuti munthu sanabadwe kudana, koma kukondana. Inali nthawi zinthu nkhondo mu chikumbumtima wolemba kumaphatikizapo loonekeratu lamulo la chikondi kwa Mama, kukhulupirika ndi mtima wosagawanika. Ndithudi, nkhondo, onse amaliseche, zabwino ndi zoipa kuonekera, ndipo aliyense anasankha sadziwa. Malinga ndi Yuri Bondarev, moyo wa munthu loperekedwa osati kuchita ntchito inayake, ndipo n'kofunika kuti asawononge nokha pa opanda pake, ndi kubweretsa moyo wako, kumenyera ufulu kuli m'dzina la chilungamo.

Nkhani ndi mabuku wolemba m'zinenero zoposa 70, ndipo pa nthawi kuchokera 1958 mpaka 1980 kunja zoposa 130 ntchito ndi Yuri Bondarev linasindikizidwa ndi kuwombera pa iye zithunzi ( "Hot Snow", "gombe", "The battalions akufunsidwa kuti moto") Zimangooneka omvera yaikulu.

Activities a wolemba ananenera mphoto zambiri anthu ndi boma, kuphatikizapo zofunika - kuzindikira ndi chikondi owerenga.

"Inchi wa dziko" Grigory Baklanov

Grigory Baklanov - wolemba ntchito monga "July 41, chaka", "Iwo unali mwezi wa May ..." "inchi wa dziko", "Anzanga", "Ine anaphedwa pa nkhondo." Pa nkhondo imene anali mu howitzer Regiment, ndiye ndi udindo wa kapitawo, mkulu batire ndi kumenyana mu South-Western Front mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo, amene akambidwa mwa maso a anthu amene anamenya pa mzere kutsogolo, ndi oopsa moyo wake frontline tsiku ndi tsiku. Zimayambitsa kulephera katundu pa siteji yoyamba ya nkhondo Baklanov anafotokoza chitsutsocho chachikulu, zinkakhalira ambiri kukayikirana ndi mantha, amene analamulira nkhondo isanayambe. Requiem kwa sgublennomu nkhondo ku m'badwo wamng'ono, wokwera mtengo kwambiri chigonjetso, anakhala nkhani "Kosatha -. Naintini" Ntchito zoyenera nthawi mtendere, Baklanov umabwerera kwa tsoka la asilikali amene akhala amasokoneza ankhanza dongosolo wankhanza. Amatilongosolera Chitsanzo cha nkhani "Karpuhin" kuti moyo wa ngwazi anathyola ntchito boma akumeneko wa callousness. Malinga ndi wolemba nkhani 8 mafilimu tapangidwa; bwino filimu anatengera - "Iwo unali mwezi wa May ...".

Asilikali mabuku - ana

Ana analemba anamenyela adzipangira chopereka kwambiri pa mabuku polemba achinyamata ntchito anzawo - chimodzimodzi monga iwo aliri, anyamata ndi atsikana amene anali kukhala mu nthawi ya nkhondo.

Mndandanda wa mabuku analimbikitsa achinyamata za nkhondo:

• A. Mityaev "Mbali chimodzi."
• A. Ochkin "Ivan - I, Fedorov - ife."
• Alekseev, "Kuchokera Moscow ku Berlin."
• Kassil "zokometsera wanu."
• A. Gaidar "lumbiro la Timur".
• Kataev "Mwana wa Regiment lapansi."
• L. Nicholas 'Ayenera kukhala ndi moyo. "

Wolemba msilikali, mndandanda wa zomwe, pamwamba, si wathunthu, zotchipa komanso mwana-wochezeka chinenero anauzidwa zenizeni lowopsya la nkhondo, momvetsa chisoni za anthu ndi kulimba mtima ndi ungwazi anasonyeza iwo. Ntchito izi kubweretsa mzimu wakutemwa ndi chikondi kwa dziko, kuphunzira kuzindikira anzanga ndi achibale, kusunga mtendere padziko lathuli.