Fonvizina ntchito: mndandanda wa ntchito

Kodi ntchito Fonvizin kudziwika kwa owerenga Baibulo masiku ano? Kumene, "Oaf." Ndipotu sewero lanthabwala ndi mbali ya maphunziro pa sukulupo. Amadziwika kuti cholembera cha wolemba Russian a nkhani yovuta, Mabaibulo a olemba yachilendo. Komabe, ntchito ya kulemba mabuku ndi satirical pa banja mbuli Prost ntchito Fonvizin osati zochepa.

Kodi wina analemba mlengi wa sewero lanthabwala m'banja? Ndipo chifukwa m'tsogolo kuti wolemba, "ignoramus" Zinali zovuta kufalitsa zolengedwa awo?

Russian wolemba chiyambi yachilendo

Wolemba amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito mu nyengo Catherine. Fonvizina ntchito sakanati analenga ngati wina wa makolo a sewero lanthabwala sanapeze munthu mu ukapolo Russian. Mlengi wa anthu ngati Prostakov Starodum ndi Mitrofanushka zinachokera yachilendo Komabe, anali Russian ambiri olemba onse Russian za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Osachepera mochuluka za iye Pushkin anati.

ntchito yomasulira

Wolemba pa sukulu, ndiye ine anadzakhala wophunzira wa mphamvu ya Philosophy. ntchito Fonvizina akuimira chimake cha luso ed za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Komabe, inu musanakafike kuzindikira, wolemba zaka zambiri poring pa Mabaibulo a playwrights wotchuka ena ndi ngakhale wakale. Ndipo yekha nzeru, iye anayamba kulemba nyimbo pachiyambi.

Zolembalemba kumasulira protagonist kwa nkhani ino anayamba mwangozi. Kamodzi mmodzi wa St. Petersburg booksellers atamva nzeru zake zabwino zilankhulo. Wazamalonda anapempha mnyamatayo kumasulira mu Russian ntchito za Ludvig Holberg. Denis Fonvizin athane ndi ntchitoyo. Ndipo adagwa pansi kwambiri wa zotsatsa kwa ofalitsa.

ntchito zolembalemba

Pamene unayamba kuonekera ntchito choyambirira Fonvizin? Mndandanda wa ntchito zake ndi yaing'ono. Mmunsimu muli mndandanda wa ntchito zochitikazi ndipo mabuku nkhani zandale. Koma mawu oyamba ochepa ziyenera kunenedwa za worldview la wolemba.

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mu Europe anali mmaonekedwe ganizo maphunziro, mmodzi wa oyambitsa amene anali Voltaire. Russian wolemba okondwa kumasulira ntchito za satirist French. Nthabwala, amene amasiyana Fonvizina ntchito kalembedwe chakale, mwinamwake, anali mbali, amene anakopeka ndi zilandiridwenso Voltaire a. Mu zaka pamene wolemba anapita freethinkers makamaka zibonga yogwira sewero lanthabwala anali atalenga.

"Kapitawo"

maphunziro analemba zinathandiza Fonvizin kukwera makwerero unyamata wake, koma anakhudzidwa zoopsa pa zilandiridwenso wolembayo mu ukalamba. Translation tsoka aviary anatsindika Mfumukazi. A bwino makamaka anasangalala sewero lanthabwala "Brigadier".

publicism

Mu 1769, wolemba anayamba utumiki wa Chiwerengero Panin, amene chimamulimbikitsa kulemba ndemanga ndale. Dzina cha ntchito imeneyi mokwanira mogwirizana ndi nthawi imene wolemba ankakhala, "Nkhani pa anawononga mtundu uliwonse wa boma la boma ndi boma zyblemom Ufumu mafumu."

Mu nyengo Catherine anthu ophunzira akamufotokozera kwambiri maluwa, ngakhale mfumukazi yekha, amene poyamba sanali ntchito. mfundo ndi yakuti mu ntchito imeneyi, wolemba kudzudzulidwa ndi Catherine, ndi okondedwa ake, napempha kusintha malamulo. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale amadzinenera zingasokoneze kulanda boma.

mu Paris

kuposa zaka ziwiri anakhala mu France Fonvizin. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye anali makalata zonse ndi Panin ndi maganizo amodzi anthu ena. nkhani za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe anali Cholinga cha makalata ndi mabuku onse. Journalistic ntchito Fonvizin, mndandanda wa zomwe ndi pang'ono yodziwika zosiyana, ngakhale pakalibe kufufuza okhwima mu zaka amenewo ankawaviika ludzu kusintha, mzimu zisinthe.

maganizo andale

Mutapita ku France, Denis Fonvizin analemba latsopano "mfundo". nthawi iyi, iwo anali odzipereka kwa malamulo boma. Mu ntchito iyi wolemba kunayambitsa funso lakuti serfdom. Kukhulupirira kuti m'pofunika kuwononga izo, iye anali akadali mchikakamizo cha "Pugachev" choncho akufuna kuchotsa serfdom amtengo pang'onopang'ono.

Fonvizin ankachita nawo ntchito zolembalemba mpaka imfa yake. Koma chifukwa mkwiyo wa Mfumukazi sanathe kufalitsa ntchito zake zopereka. Pomaliza, tchulani ntchito Fonvizin ofunika.

mndandanda wa mabuku

1. "Kapitawo".
2. "Oaf."
3. "Zifukwa za malamulo singasiyanitsidwe boma."
4. "Kusankha namkungwi."
5. "Kucheza pa Mfumukazi Haldin."
6. "Confession."
7. "Korionov."

"Kuvomereza," wolemba walenga, kuti okalamba. Ntchito imeneyi ndi autobiographical. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, wolemba Fonvizin makamaka analemba nkhani m'magazini. Mu mbiri ya mabuku Russian, Fonvizin anabwera ngati wolemba comedies mu mtundu wanyimbo wa classicism. Kodi malangizo amenewa? ndi makhalidwe ake chiyani?

ntchito Fonvizin

Classicism ndi malangizo, mfundo ya rationalism. Ntchito ubweretse umodzi wa chikhulupiriro ndi mosamalitsa anamvera normativity ndakatulo. Ngwazi ya sewero lanthabwala "The Minor" anawagawa zabwino ndi zoipa. Zithunzi zotsutsana si pano. Ndipo izo ndi khalidwe la classicism.

Anabadwa umenewu mu France. The classicism Russian ankasiyana lathu satirical. Mu ntchito za playwrights French mu malo oyamba anali mutu wakale. Pakuti Russian classicism khalidwe la amajambulapo maluwa okongola dziko zinachitika.

Mbali yaikulu ya ntchito chidwi za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu - mgwirizano nthawi ndi malo. Events "Oaf" chidzachitika kunyumba Prost banja. Onse zolongosoledwa mu sewero lanthabwala ndi kukakwaniritsa mwa maora twente-foro. Fonvizin anapatsa zilembo wake kulankhula mayina. Skotinin maloto a m'midzi imene kwambiri ya nkhumba msipu. Vralman amadzionetsera akuunikireni Mitrofanushka, pamene ankafalitsa ignoramus mu umbuli ngakhale kwambiri.

The sewero lanthabwala zimakhudzira maphunziro lathu. ganizo maphunziro yathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zonse Fonvizin. Wolemba ankafuna kusintha dongosolo la ndale. Koma ine ndikukhulupirira kuti popanda maphunziro, mwina kusintha kulikonse adzatsogolera kupanduka, "Pugachev" kapena mavuto ena zoipa za ndale komanso.