Chiameniya yachonde - m'mapiri kumpoto kwa Asia Minor. An boma wakale m'dera la Armenia Highland

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "Chiameniya Highland" inatuluka mu 1843 mu monograph Hermann Vilgelma Abiha. Izi Chirasha German wofufuza ndi miyala ndi nthaka, amene anakhala mu South Caucasus, ndipo kenako anayambitsa dzina panopa m'deralo. Chibwenzi za chiyambi chake monga cholowa cha anthu Chiameniya zimachitika mkangano waukulu. Komabe, m'nkhani tikambirana mfundo osiyana maganizo, komanso preconditions thupi la m'deralo.

Kodi Chiameniya Plateau?

gawo ili dongosolo Alpine-Himalaya phiri. Kale izo chidafundidwa ndi madzi a wakale Tethys Ocean, lomwe zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zafukulidwa ndi amapeza zigawo dziko :. zotsalira Various wa miyala yamtengo wapatali, nsomba, nkhono, etc. Pakuti zokwiriridwa ndi mpata wabwino kufufuza zosiyanasiyana nyama ndi zomera za nthawi. A chifukwa mapangidwe mapiri Caucasus, Chiameniya okwera, Tibet (popeza pafupi m'dera) ndi ponyamula m'madzi nyanja motere.

The kugunda Eurasian ndi Arabia protrusion Gondwana anaonekera Caucasus ndi Chiameniya yachonde. Mkangano Chifukwa cha ku India Europe ndi ku Asia anatsogolera chakuti zigawo nyanja ya pansi pa madzi, womwe unali pakati pa mbale awiri, ankangodzigwera ndi kukwera. Izi zinachititsa kuti pakhale la Himalaya, Tibet ndi zina mapiri mkulu wa m'deralo.

The Neogene okwera kangati unagawanika mchikakamizo cha kuphulika mkati. Chiphalaphala, amene anakhetsedwa pa matanthwe a pansi padziko losweka, ankawachotsera m'makwinya a m'mapiri. Gawo pafupifupi buku lonse padziko dera la basalt strata. Pakali pano, Plateau lili Near East. Ndi mbali zinayi wazunguliridwa ndi zina - Asia Minor ndi aku Iran Plateau, Nyanja Black ndi chigwa cha Mesopotamiya.

m'madera phiri la maphunziro

Chiameniya Highland ali ambiri ranges mapiri ataliatali, unyolo waukulu wa cones chiphala, komanso zina mapiri zinatha. The chimbuzi cha gawo kunena Great Ararati phiri. Iwo ali kutalika mamita 5165. Angapo ang'onoang'ono Wamng'ono Ararati (mamita 3925) ndi Phiri Süphan (mamita 4434), zomwe zili Turkey. Mu Armenia, pali phiri Aragats lomwe lili ndi kutalika mamita 4090 ndi mu Iran - Sabalan (4821 mita) ndi Sahend (mamita 3707).

Kodi gawo ili mbali ya mapiri

Muyeneranso lembani zimene m'dera zili pamalo okwera ichi, kuti zikuphatikizapo. Mwachitsanzo, osiyanasiyana malo okwera Chiameniya - ndi gawo lonse la Armenia ndi Turkey, dera la kumadzulo kwa Iran ndi Azerbaijan, South Georgia.

peculiarities za gawolo

yachonde Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu wa iwo amene anapanga chiphalaphala. Monga tanena, magwero ake ndi chotero kuti nthawi zosiyana za Dziko Lapansi dera limeneli lasintha kwambiri mu dongosolo lawo. Ndiye iwo ananyamuka pamwamba pa nyanja chifukwa cha mbale kugunda zinachititsa kuti dongosolo zilimba zake, ndi kugawikana, kumasuka ku Earth wambirimbiri chiphalaphala. Tikumbukenso kuti ena mwa mapiri amene ali yachonde ndi mapiri zinatha (mwachitsanzo, Ararati), ndipo iye ankaona malo seismically osakhazikika.

Kutalika kwa mapiri Chiameniya wa lero - mamita 1500-1800 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ndi zambiri za oyandikana aku Iran yachonde ndi yachonde Anatolia. Ngati ife kulankhula za m'dera Plateau, ndi 400 zikwi makilomita lalikulu.

Tikumbukenso kuti ndi gwero la mitsinje yambiri monga Firate, Tigirisi, Araks nkhuku. Pafupifupi mtsinje wa yachonde Chiameniya wodzazidwa ndi snowmelt ndi mvula. Komanso madzi kusambira dziwe m'dera kupanga nyanja zambiri (waukulu - Sevan, Van, Urmia).

An boma wakale m'dera la mapiri

Kudera limeneli wakhala ya anthu. Popeza mapangidwe miyala, ulendo maonekedwe ano mipingo. Kumene, kutsimikizira ena mabungwe onse lingapezeke mu mbiri m'nthano kapena zakale anthu ena (more anaphunzira).

Boma wamkulu mu okwera Chiameniya, limene zalembedwa ndi ofukula zinthu zakale (zofukulidwa), wotchedwa Urartu. Iwo wakhalapo kuyambira BC IX atumwi. e. kwa BC VI atumwi. e. Mu heyday la dziko la Urartu ndi amodzi mwa malo waukulu ku Near East. Pamene Iwo anagwera mu kuvunda, mwachitsanzo. E. anagonjetsedwa ndi Amedi, m'dera anakhala mbali ya boma Achaemenid.

formations Komanso pa dera la limati anatsika chakuti mu II m'ma BC. e. ndiye anapanga Wamkulu Armenia, amene ali chiyambi ndi chopunthira cha kupululutsa ano.

Armenia amanena kuti boma lalikulu la Urartu - monga makolo akale a ku Armenia. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi ndi zofunika kukambirana, popeza palibe umboni wodalirika mfundo imeneyi. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zambiri Kungoti falsified.

Cholowa cha wakale

Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma m'dera la mapiri, makamaka masiku ano ndi zakale kwambiri kuti atiuze mmene banali, kodi miyambo yawo, njira ya moyo ndi zina zotero. D. The boma wakale m'dera la malo okwera Chiameniya, likukhalira, Iye anasiya cholowa chake kwa ife, ana awo.

zofukulidwa m'mabwinja pafupi ndi phiri Portasar anatsogolera chakuti pali anapeza kachisi zovuta, limene ndi nthawi zina wakale kuposa mapiramidi Aigupto (Motero, tingathe amanena kuti mitundu kuno kalelo, wakhala apamwamba mlingo wa chitukuko) . Pakali pano, zinayi m'kachisi anapeza, kuyembekezeredwa kupeza ngakhale sikisitini.

makilomita mazana awiri kuchokera Yerevan anapeza zomangamanga, zomwe mu mawonekedwe ake akufanana Stonehenge, koma ali ndi chiyambi zambiri wakale. Ndi angapo zake vertically ataima ndi pamwamba pa bowo kudutsa. Ndipo ngati inu mutayang'ana pansi pa Karavundzh (dzina dongosolo la), kenako tikhoza kunena kuti mawonekedwe ake amatikumbutsa kuwundana Cygnus.

Zinsinsi zimene adasiya makolo

Chimodzi cha zinsinsi n'ngosathetseka kuti kutenga maganizo a asayansi, ndi zinthu zochepa pa dera la Armenia. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi chifaniziro cha mbalame, amene anapezeka ku East Armenia mu makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi wotsiriza. Mfundo yakuti mbari - zaka zosachepera zikwi zitatu, ndipo chuma komwe kumachititsa kuti sakudziwika modernity. Palibe chida masiku analephera kuononga.

kupeza wina kuti kudabwa asayansi amene anali chitsulo Akamva kuti akavalo. Pachibwenzi kwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo anapeza kuti mbalame, koma modziwika bwino anasunga. Ndiponso tisaiwale kuti mankhwala chitsulo anayamba kuchita nthawi yoyamba penapake mu zaka chikwi mtsogolo.

Chifukwa cha anapezazo awa, asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti zikamera wa chitukuko zinachitika koyamba penapake kale kuposa ntchito zochita. Ena amanena kuti chikanachitika pa malo okwera ano Chiameniya za zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazo.

Kusiyana maganizo zokhudzana ndi malowa

Ponena za dzina la malo mwa ofufuza za usavutike mtsutso. Ena amanena kuti amasonyeza mbiri ya chakuti kuno zaka Armenia moyo. Ochita kafukufuku amenewa amakhulupirira kuti anthu awa woyamba dera lino ngakhale kalelo. iwonso amalankhula za wapadera wa ku Armenia, chifukwa mapiri, komwe ankakhala - chopunthira cha m'mitundu yonse. Umboni amapezeka m'mipukutu zosiyanasiyana wakale, pa zinthu zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, ngakhale limodzi mwa mabuku akale - Baibulo.

Komabe, akatswiri ena amakayikira apeza zonsezi. Za dzina la iwo amanena chakuti yekha mu 1843 izo anakhala mbali ya zikomo tsiku ndi tsiku moyo kwa mbiri Henry Abikh. Paulendo, iye anali limodzi ndi akuluakulu a ku Armenia Church ndi atsogoleri Chiameniya, kotero kuti onse amene adawona, inali kuperekedwa monga zotsatira za chikhalidwe Chiameniya. gawo ili la ofufuza ananena kuti Armenia ndi mbiri mwangwiro m'mayiko ena, monga Herodotus, amene anatchula m'mabuku ake kuti mtundu, ati Armenia amene ali malire chapamwamba wa Firate, pafupi M'Frugiya, ndi mbali yaing'ono ya phiri pafupi chiyambi cha mtsinje Galis.

Ngati tikambirana dzina la mapiri, kalelo kuti anali kudziwika ngati al-Zazavan. Ibn Hawqal (X atumwi wolemba Arab), amene analongosola dziko mu zolemba zake, ati maumboni ambiri a Turkey ndi Chiazebajani (chikhalidwe ndi miyambo, njira ya moyo, etc ..). Komanso, akatswiri amakhulupirira ndi kulakwa kuganiza kuti ali m'dera zinachitika zochitika m'Baibulo ya Chigumula, chifukwa mbali zina za Nowa Likasa pa tsamba ili.

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, ndi zovuta kudziwa bwinobwino zinthu zimene zinachitika kalelo dera limeneli. Kumene, ngati mulibe kuyambitsa makina nthawi. Choncho, nkhani zonse zikhazikitsidwe kokha pa mfundo timapemphera zafukulidwa ndi kufufuza zinthu zopezeka.

Pomaliza

Chiameniya yachonde - Dziko limeneli kale ndi olemera ndi zinthu wosaiwalika wa midzi wakale ndi anthu. Anthu mfundo zimene zimapangitsa kuti olemba mbiri ndi ofufuza ku dera za nthawi amakezana, n'zovuta mmene kutsutsa kapena atsimikizire. Zambiri layman zitha amasirira apeza zachilendo ndi kuona mmene iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi makolo akale.