Zabwino ndi zoipa mmene anthu nyama: Zitsanzo

zochita za anthu, makamaka m'zaka zapitazi wa anthu amakono, ndi limodzi la zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri kuti asinthe chilengedwe. Mmene anthu pa nyama Mwachitsanzo, zabwino ndi zoipa, wakhala m'zaka 21 chili ponseponse mu chikhalidwe, kuti tinganene kugwirizana kupulumuka a mitundu ina kuchokera kugwira ntchito zina za chitukuko.

Akale: alenje

Ngakhale pamene Upper Paleolithic anthu anayamba kusaka. Masiku amenewo, mmene anthu nyama inkakhala makamaka kupulula mitundu tsopano zinatha monga yaikuluyi ndi rhinoceros wamaonekedwe a nkhope yaubweya (mitembo yawo anapezeka pa zofukulidwa pa malo nthawi anthu). Ndiye kupanga: nyama, nsomba, mbalame - anapatsa anthu zakudya zomanga thupi, kupereka zipangizo nsapato ndi zovala zina zapakhomo. Anapanga cha zikopa za nyama, mafupa ndi tusks zinamangidwa mokhala mu m'badwo wotsiriza ayezi. Ofufuza ena, mu nthawi imeneyo, anthu ankakhala m'madera ang'onoang'ono a anthu 100-150. Pa mutu anali mtundu kwambiri ya akulu, ndi chuma, kuphatikizapo nkhokwe chakudya ndi nyumba kunali ponseponse. Zokwanira ozizira nyengo zinachititsa kuti kukufunikira zovala ndi zina wosazindikira mokhala wamakono. Mwachitsanzo, zikopa za nyama kupha ndi kudya kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono, ndi masingano mwala pamodzi m'mbali mwa mabowo anakhomerera, ndiyeno zonse crosslinking elongated chingwe. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mmodzi wa ambiri anali pamenepo ntchito mafupa kapena zina zikuluzikulu nyama yaikuluyi monga zomangila kwa midzi. Iwo kukumba chowulungika mwakuya kwambiri kapena dzenje chonse. Pa m'mphepete mwa dzenje inakhomedwa nthiti kumutulutsira. yomanga zonsezi mchimake kapena zolimba-koyenera zikopa munali nthambi wokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi.

Alimi ndi ziŵeto

The ntchito nyama chakudya kwachititsa, malinga ndi Chichewa, chakuti anthu aphunzira ntchito moto kutentha mankhwala ake ndi kuŵetedwa mitundu ina (kuti azisaka, ndipo ndi nyama m'munsi nthawi zonse pa dzanja). Monga kusintha kwa njira ndi zipangizo, ndi kusaka chawonjezeka chikoka cha anthu ndi nyama ndi chilengedwe. Izi zimaonetsera m'zigawozigawo ndithu: ndi chiwonongeko mwamsanga mitundu zam'tchire ntchito ngati chakudya, ndi kuweta ena oimira, ndi njira zina - kusintha m'munsi mwa zomera isanafike zikamera ndi kufala kwa ulimi. A kusintha kwa njira ubusa wa moyo ndi ulimi (mu Neolithic) mmene anthu nyama anapeza njira yatsopano ndi zenizeni. Ndipo njira kukhala zovuta kuposa bwereza.

Sitipereka zimakhudza anthu pa nyama

Ndi kufala kwa anthu ulimi zimakhudzidwa ndi danga kuchita kubzala ndi kukolola. Izi, makamaka, zakulitsa amadza mozungulira anthu nyama. Aonongedwa malo achilengedwe, nkhalango anali kugwetsa nakulitsa meadows ndi minda, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kusokonekera ndipo ngakhale mofulumira Mitundu ina ya zinyama ndi M'malo mwake, mawu oyamba a ena.

malonda

Ikulu zoipa zimakhudza anthu nyama, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mofulumira pafupifupi kapena kwambiri kuchepetsa ena anthu ndi mitundu, wakhala nsomba chitukuko - bungwe nyama kupanga kuti apeze Mwachitsanzo, ubweya. Choncho m'ma 16 (kuti anadziwika chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa wazambiriyakale Karamzin) The Mfumu ya Muscovy atalandidwa Siberia akusokoneza otchedwa oimira pa mitundu jasaku okhala kumeneko: 200 000 zikopa sable, gologolo 500 zikwi, 10 zikwi nkhandwe ..! Kunali mtengo wa nkhani ya nsomba wakhala lalikuru zimakhudza anthu pa zinyama mu nthawi ino!

kupulula zinsomba

Kufuna zimphona izi m'madzi anabadwa kale. Poyamba, anthu ntchito mitembo chinsomba kuti anagonjera ku banki. Ndiye, mu maso a alenje wakale phiri ili la nyama ndi mafuta wakhala osati zofunika, komanso angakwanitse kwambiri. Ndipotu, chinsomba - cholengedwa wosakwiya, ndipo ngati akufuna, mum'chotse ndi ngakhale yosavuta besparusnoy bwato. Kupanga ake wosakanikirana mfuti yosavuta harpoon ndi zingwe. Komanso anapha mu madzi sanali kumira, zinali chinthu chofunika kwa alenje. Pomor kusaka zinsomba kwa nthawi yaitali, koma awonongedwe lonse mitundu anayamba m'nthawi ya 17. Pamenepo anthu bowhead zinsomba anali zambiri moti sitima paulendo wopita ku Svalbard, kwenikweni anali kukankhira mbali ya ng'ombe zawo. Chaka nsomba mu masiku amenewo, Dutch, Danes, Germany, British, French ndi Spanish anatumizidwa magalimoto 1,000 pa chaka! Ndipo malinga ndi funso kafukufuku, chinsomba pachaka kupanga Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma 18 wapanga oposa 2.5 zikwi pachaka. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nkhokwe lalikulu zatha nyama, ndipo pofika cha m'ma 19 mtundu anaikidwa munthu anangotsala pang'ono kutha! Ndipo mu 1935, bungwe la International amakhazikitsa kuletsa nsomba bowhead zinsomba.

zitsanzo zina

Chinali zoipa anthu amawamvetsera nyama. Zitsanzo zotheka chifukwa ena: kudula mitengo ya m'nkhalango Amazon, atayanika kwa Nyanja Aral, mofulumira chonse cha munthu Mitundu ina ya nyama vuto (steppe kengurovidnaya makoswe, nkhumba footed bandicoot, krasnobryuhy Posamu, insa Yemen, Madagascar pygmy Mvuu, ndi marsupial nkhandwe - ndipo ngakhale 27 okha Mu zaka zapitazo). Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti popeza 1600 anthu anawononga subspecies osachepera 160 ndipo mitundu ya mbalame, oposa 100 - nyama. Amenewa ndi tsoka, mwachitsanzo, njati ndi maulendo, tarpan ndi nyanja ng'ombe, chigamulo kwa anthu awo.

ntchito zachuma a anthu

zochita za anthu zosagwirizana ndi nsomba ndi nyama, ndi lero amakhudza yaikulu pa zinyama. Mwachitsanzo, chitukuko cha dera mwa malo a nyama, ndipo zotsatira zake, kuchepetsa chakudya cha zikhoza kuchepetsa anthu ndiponso mofulumira a mitundu ina. A chitsanzo chapadera - kuchepetsa yofunika kwambiri nyalugwe Siberia. Ndipo nyanja ku Intaneti lakonzedwa kuti nsomba, anamgumiwa amamwalira chaka chilichonse - zikwi! Ndipotu, iwo sangakhoze kupeza akumukonda ndi suffocate. Ndipo posachedwapa, pa sikelo ya imfa ya sukulu dolphin anafika 100,000 pa chaka.

kuipitsidwa zachilengedwe

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri zinthu zoipa zimakhudza anthu pa zinyama. Nyukiliya kuipitsidwa, asidi mvula pa dziko, mpweya zoipa mu malo m'madzi ndi mpweya - zonsezi akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nyama ndipo kumachepetsa zosiyanasiyana mitundu pa dziko.

Zabwino zimakhudza anthu pa nyama

Kunena zoona, pa zinthu zambiri anthu anagalamuka mochedwa kwambiri. mitundu ya nyama mu dziko lero ali pafupi kutha, ndipo ena atengedwa kupita ku anaiwalika. Koma munthu amasangalala, kuti ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma 21, zambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa zoteteza chilengedwe, chitetezo zinyama pangozi. Pangani nkhokwe, malo zinyama ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe, pamene anthu akuyesera kuti achire otaika. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa, monga Zoneneratu wa asayansi ena, ngati anthu sasiya ndi kupitiriza ntchito oipawa padziko lonse, ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita mapeto chisoni ndipo posakhalitsa (ena amapereka zaka yaitali kuposa 50) wa zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi.