Zida homogeneous ano akasinja: mphamvu, rikoshetosposobnost

Zida - zakuthupi zodzitetezera amene amakhala ndi kukhazikika mkulu ndi kukana kuti zinthu zina kuopseza mapindikidwe ndi kuswa kukhulupirika kwake. Ziribe kanthu mtundu wa chitetezo funso: ngati zida knightly kapena ❖ kuyanika waukulu wa magalimoto amakono nkhondowo, cholinga akhala limodzi - kuteteza motsutsana kuwonongeka ndi kutenga kuwawa.

. Homogeneous Zida - wosanjikiza amateteza zakuthupi homogeneous amene ali kuchuluka mphamvu ndipo yunifolomu mtanda gawo mu mipweya ndi katundu yemweyo. Ndi za mtundu wa chitetezo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka ya zida

Kutchula koyamba za zida zopezeka m'mabuku akale, tikulankhula za zida ndi zikopa ankhondo. cholinga chawo chachikulu ndi kuteteza ziwalo za malupanga, sabers, nkhwangwa, mikondo, mivi, ndi zida zina.

Mkubwela kwa mfuti panafunika kusiya ntchito zipangizo ndi lofewa kupanga zida ndi kupita ku cholimba ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi mapindikidwe, osati kwa kasakaniza wazitsulo chilengedwe.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, zokongoletsa ntchito pa zishango ndi zida kusonyeza zokhudzana ndi kulemekeza anthu otchuka, anayamba kuchoka m'mbuyomu. Fomu zida ndi zikopa kuyamba kusintha, kupereka njira yothandiza.

Ndipotu, dziko lonse patsogolo svolsya ndi mtundu kufulumizitsa Kutulukira zida zatsopano ndi kutetezedwa kuti. Chifukwa, zosabvuta kwa mawonekedwe ya zida zinachititsa kuti ndalama kuchepetsa (chifukwa cha kusowa miyala yamtengo wapatali), koma kuchuluka zothandiza. Motero, zida wakhala mosavuta.

Iron ndi zitsulo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zina pamene mutu ngodya wauka khalidwe ndi makulidwe a zida. Chodabwitsa resonated ndi boat- ndi luso lopanga, komanso kulimbitsa maofesi a pansi ndi pang'onopang'ono mayunitsi nkhondowo ngati catapults ndi ballista.

mitundu ya zida

Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale mbiri yakale anati patsogolo zipolopolo makulidwe kuti pang'onopang'ono zinachititsa kuti zikamera wa mitundu ya makono ya zida (akasinja, sitima, ndege ndi zina zotero. D.).

Masiku ano mtundu manja sasiya ngakhale pang'ono kuti kumabweretsa zikamera wa mitundu yatsopano ya chitetezo ngati njira Kulimbana zida alipo.

Kuchokera pa zinthu kapangidwe kusiyanitsa zotsatirazi mitundu ya zida:

• homogeneous;
• oti muli nazo zida;
• wokwera;
• spaced.

Yachokera pa njira ya ntchito:

• breeches - masuti aliyense zida chitetezo m'thupi, ziribe kanthu zimene - ndi akale wankhondo zida kapena chodzitetezera msilikali masiku ano
• zoyendera - zitsulo kasakaniza wazitsulo mu mawonekedwe a matabwa komanso chipolopolo-umboni galasi, cholinga chimene ndi kuteteza adalira ndi okwera a luso;
• chombo - zida kutetezela zombo (m'madzi ndi pamwamba madzi gawo);
• yomanga - mtundu ntchito bunkers chitetezo, bunkers ndi emplacements lembani matabwa (bunkers);
• danga - mitundu yonse ya zowonetsera-nyese ndi kalirole kuteteza siteshoni danga kuchokera zinyalala yozungulira ndi kuipa kwa dzuwa mu mlengalenga;
• Chingwe - lakonzedwa kuteteza zingwe sitima zapamadzi zisaonongeke ndi cholimba ntchito mu mapangidwe ankhanza.

Zida homogeneous ndi sakanikira

Zipangizo ntchito kupanga zida, kuonetsa kukula kwa kwambiri zomangamanga kamangidwe lingaliro. Kupezeka kwa mchere monga chromium, molybdenum kapena tungsten, amalola kukhala mkulu-mphamvu zitsanzo; ajombera pakufunika kwa formations pang'ono tcheru. Mwachitsanzo, zida mbale, amene zosavuta kuti tizisamala ndi muyezo wa chiŵerengero mtengo wapatali.

Mwa maikidwe zida lagawidwa zipolopolo, protivosnaryadnym ndi structural. Homogeneous Zida (cha chuma chomwecho kudutsa gawo m'dera mtanda) kapena sakanikira (Nyimbo osiyana) ntchito kulenga zokutira ngati zipolopolo ndi protivosnaryadnym. Koma si onse.

Homogeneous zida ali yemweyo mankhwala zikuchokera mu malo mtanda yachigawo, ndi zofanana mankhwala ndi katundu makina. Sakanikira akhozanso katundu osiyana makina (anaumitsa zitsulo pa dzanja limodzi, mwachitsanzo).

Adagulung'undisa homogeneous zida

Mu njira zotsimikizira zida (kaya homogeneous kapena sakanikira kusungitsa) ❖ kuyanika anawagawa:

• Adagulung'undisa. Mtundu uwu wa kuponya zida, sprayed ndi makina kugudubuzika. Chifukwa psinjika mu atolankhani molekyulu njira mzake, ndi chuma chisindikizo amapezeka. Mtundu wa mkulu-mphamvu zida ali drawback chimodzi: osati amenable kuti kuponyera. Ntchito pa akasinja, koma mawonekedwe a mbale mosabisa. Mu thanki turret Mwachitsanzo, amafuna anamaliza.
• Anaponyedwa. Choncho, kupatula wosasunthika ngati kuchuluka koposa chimake m'mbuyomu. Komabe, ❖ kuyanika akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito akasinja nsanja. Osewera homogeneous zida, ndithudi, adzakhala wamphamvu kuposa sakanikira. Koma iwo amati, ali wabwino supuni chakudya.

tsogolo

Ngati tikulingalira chitetezo zipolopolo kuchokera zipolopolo ochiritsira ndi zida kuboola ndi splinters amadza ka mabomba ndi zipolopolo, monga pamwamba zingakhalepo Mabaibulo awiri: adagulung'undisa homogeneous kapena sakanikira mkulu-mphamvu zida umalimbikitsidwa ndi mphamvu mkulu onse kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo mbali.

Protivosnaryadnym (amateteza zipolopolo lalikulu) ❖ kuyanika ndi ankatsogoleranso mwa mitundu yambiri. Ambiri a iwo - adagulung'undisa homogeneous zida ndi kuponyedwa magulu angapo a mphamvu: mkulu, sing'anga ndi otsika.

mtundu wina - adagulung'undisa sakanikira. Ndi manowa othetsa ❖ kuyanika mbali imodzi, amene amachepetsa mphamvu "mwakuya".

The makulidwe a zida za kuuma mu nkhani iyi ndi chiŵerengero cha 25:15:60 (kunja, mkati, zigawo kumbuyo motero).

ntchito

akasinja Russian, komanso zombo, tsopano yokutidwa ndi Chrome-faifi tambala kapena faifi tambala-yokutidwa zitsulo. Ngati pomanga zombo ntchito ndi bronepoyas zitsulo ndi oipa isothermal, ndi akasinja gulu inamera ndi m'chimake zodzitetezera chomwe zigawo zingapo zipangizo.

Mwachitsanzo, mazunzo zida nkhondowo chilengedwe "Armata" nsanja ankaimira gulu wosanjikiza, moti kwa zipolopolo ano odana likungosonyeza 150 mamilimita ndi chinapululutsa subcaliber projectile likungosonyeza 120 mm.

Komanso ntchito spaced Zida. N'zovuta kunena, zida zabwino kapena ayi. akasinja Russian zabwino, ndi kuwongolera ndi kuwateteza.

Zida vs chipolopolo

Kumene, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti mamembala a thanki mawerengedwe kukumbukira mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso makhalidwe a galimoto nkhondowo, kusonyeza makulidwe zimene a wosanjikiza kuteteza ndi chipolopolo limene adzasunga millimeter, komanso zimene homogeneous zida nkhondowo galimoto ntchito mwa iwo kapena ayi.

Katundu zida Modern sangathe anafotokoza akuti chimodzi chokha "makulidwe". Chifukwa yosavuta kuti vuto la mabomba zapamwamba, imene Ndipotu, cholinga containment uyu akubwera kuchokera kayendedwe ndi mankhwala projectiles mphamvu.

mphamvu kayendedwe

Pansi pa mphamvu kayendedwe (ndi bwino kuti "kuopseza kayendedwe") amatanthauza mphamvu kung'anima ndi akusowekapo chipolopolo zida. Mwachitsanzo, chipolopolo cha zatha ureniamu kapena tungsten carbide angakaphe pa Seraya kupyolera. Homogenous zitsulo zida chopanda pake polimbana kupeza aliyense. Palibe i imene akhoza amanena kuti mamilimita 200 mm kwa 1300 ofanana homogeneous sakanikira.

Chinsinsi kauntala zida projectile lagona pa dongosolo, imbaenda kusintha vekitala za zotsatira projectile pa makulidwe ❖ kuyanika.

chokhala projectile

Chemical kuopseza umaimiridwa ndi mitundu zoterozo projectiles monga zida odana zachiwawa (malinga ndi nomenclature m'mayiko ikhale HESH) ndi chokhala (kutemtha).

Chokhala projectile (zomwe amakhulupirira ndiponso zochita za masewera dziko la akasinja) wosachita flammable stuffing. Zimenezi zachokera mphamvu amadza lolunjika mu ndege woonda amene, chifukwa cha kuthamanga, osati kutentha, akuswa wosanjikiza zozitetezera.

Chitetezo projectiles buildup amenewa ndi otchedwa zida zonama zimene anthu anganene mphamvu amadza. Chitsanzo losavuta ndi processing ndi thanki mauna-masikito ku bedi lakale panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri asilikali Soviet.

Aisrayeli kuteteza nyumba zawo, "Mercan" ndi kutsatira mipira alumikizana zitsulo atapachikidwa pa unyolo.

Njira ina ndi kulenga zazikulu zida. Mu kugunda kwa Jets imatsogoleredwa chokhala projectile mchimake kugogoda amapezeka zida ❖ kuyanika. Kuphulika, motsogoleredwa zotsutsana ndi ndege chokhala, kumabweretsa madyaidya ndikuledzera ya masika.

okwirira

Action zida kuboola projectile zachiwawa kumachepetsa kuyenda kale zida thupi kuwombana ndi kupatsira lingamutsatire zimachitika mantha kupyolera wosanjikiza zitsulo. Komanso, monga zikhomo mu boling'i, zigawo zida ndi kukankhira mzake, chifukwa mu mapindikidwe. Motero, zida mbale anawonongedwa. Komanso zida wosanjikiza zimauluka padera, kuchititsa choipa kwa ogwira ntchito.

zipolopolo Anti-zachiwawa mwina zofanana ndi za chokhala.

Pomaliza

Mmodzi mbiri zalembedwa milandu zachilendo nyimbo mankhwala kutetezela thanki ndi chivundikiro Germany kanthu tsimmeritom njira. Ankachita zimenezi pofuna kuteteza nyumba "Tigers" ndi "Panthers" m'migodi maginito.

The zikuchokera osakaniza tsimmeritovoy m'gulu zinthu monga barium sulphate ndi nthaka sulfide, utuchi, ocher pigment ndi binder zochokera polyvinyl nthochi.

Ntchito osakaniza inayamba mu 1943 ndipo inatha mu 1944, pa chifukwa chakuti kuyanika kutenga masiku angapo, ndipo Germany panthawi imeneyo anali kale mu malo a mbali yoluza.

Zochita zina za osakaniza ili paliponse sankapeza anthu chifukwa cholephera wa ntchito maginito oyenda migodi antitank ndi maonekedwe a zida wamphamvu kwambiri - antitank grenade.