American roketi Chimphamba 9: mbali ndi chithunzi

June 28, 2015 pa 17:21 (Moscow nthawi) pa malo Launch ku Cape Canaveral analephera kamodzi kukhazikitsa roketi "Chimphamba 9". Chimphamba 9 roketi kwakonzedweratu ndi kampani payekha US SpaceX, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Eloni Musk.

"Chimphamba" ndi NASA

NASA mu 2008 zinasaina pangano ndi kampani ndi kuti agwire kukhazikitsidwa kwa chonyamulira roketi "Chimphamba 9" chinjoka ndi spacecraft. Ganizo kwambiri za ulimi wa mtundu uwu wa chonyamulira roketi ali malinga ndi chakuti ndi mndandanda wa analephera imalankhula Space Olumikiza. Ndi Eloni Musk akukonza kuchepetsa ndalama utumwi danga nthawi 10. Koma ntchitoyi pa nthawi imene anali akuti mtengo $ 1.6 biliyoni.

Analephera roketi Launch anathyola angapo ntchito, anapereka kwa NASA, kuwonjezera pa linanena bungwe la ISS spacecraft Space Olumikiza. Chimphamba 9 roketi onyamula matani 1.8 Katundu.

Cholinga chachikulu umene ukuyenera kuchita Launch ichi, anali kubwezeretsanso chakudya kwa mamembala ISS. Komanso, roketi anagwiritsanso chipika ndi mating ndi mayiko docking adaputala (Ida), mwakuchita Boeing. Izi siteshoni docking yolemera makilogalamu 526 atsogolere chinjoka spacecraft atazikocheza kwa ISS. Zolinga zofanana chinjoka anakayesera kuti awawombole ndi zigwirizane kwa spacewalk. Mosakayikira, imfa ya zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri kungasokoneze pa ndandanda ya ntchito sayansi pa bolodi ISS.

Koma si onse! Chimphamba 9 roketi kuphulika anapha 8 makina Akukhamukira 1f, kwaiye dongosolo la Planet Labs. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo anagwira atatu wagawo CubeSat, amene anali kusunga dziko lapansi mu akafuna kuwala.

Chimphamba 9: zofunika

Roketi ikafuna kumanga lakonzedwa kuti pa chilichonse zida siteji anaika avionics ndipo pa bolodi makompyuta, amene cholinga kulamulira magawo onse a ndege.

avionics zonse ntchito pa bolodi roketi, zopangidwa ndi SpaceX. Komanso, kuwonjezera chitetezo chake navigation, kusintha olondola mu kanjira ntchito zida GPS.

Komanso, aliyense injini anaika eni Mtsogoleri, amene nthawi zonse oyang'anira magawo onse a injini. Aliyense Mtsogoleri ali mayunitsi purosesa atatu kusintha dongosolo kudalirika.

Chimphamba 9 awiri gawo roketi, ndipo Baibulo ili wadutsa Mabaibulo awiri:

• 9 Baibulo v1.0;
• 9 Baibulo v1.1.

Mosiyana ndi Baibulo lachiwiri la yoyamba kuti anakhazikitsa injini zambiri woyengeka. Ndipo katswiri ndi malo awo mu injini m'munsi gawo.

Ngakhale kuti malemba onse a injini kuthamanga pa nyali oxidizer mpweya madzi, koma chombo Chimphamba 9 v1.1 inaulutsidwa kwa matani 4,85 wa payload, pamene shtatovskih chida "Chimphamba 9" v1.0 - 3 yekha, 4 m.

Mu buku lino kutalika kwa 1.1 - 68,4 mamita ndi kulemera kuyambira matani 506.

Kuti timvetse makondawa - Russian roketi "purotoni-M" mamita wamfupi kusiyana 10 (58.2 m), kuyambira chofunika kwambiri - matani 705. Koma "purotoni-M" mu kanjira payload matani 6,74.

NASA ntchito, mtengo wa Launch wa Chimphamba 9 ndi $ 60 miliyoni, pamene mu "purotoni-M", chithunzi ichi ndi $ 30 miliyoni apamwamba.

Choncho, poyamba?

Chimphamba 9 roketi anapezerapo NASA ndi mapadi awiri. Iwo zili chimodzi mu Florida, awiri mu California. Komanso, ntchito yofuna kukuza ziyangoyango awiri.

SpaceX kampani kuyambira 2013, akugwira ntchito pa chilengedwe cha umisiri kwa zigawo reusable wa Chimphamba 9 v1.1. Ulendo woyamba kupulumutsa Chimphamba 9 unachitikira mu January 2015. Malinga ndi gawo Ziwerengero zinali pamtunda pafupi ndi nsanja akuyandama. Koma nyengo yoipa panyanja sikuloledwa kukatenga siteji ya roketi lapansi.

Ndi tsiku, zimenezi zakhala bwino. Palibe wa imalankhula sikunapangitse kampani kuonetsetsa kuti apulumutse mlingo.

katswiri maganizo

Ngakhale atolankhani ndi kukanena kuti otsiriza bwino Launch wa Chimphamba 9 (December 2015) kunapangitsa kuti kukhala gawo kunsi kwa chombo, koma akatswiri kukayikira ntchito tsogolo la gawo loyamba. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti, anapatsidwa kutentha kwa zochangamutsa ngati roketi thupi kumayambiriro ndi pa otsetsereka, pambuyo ndime yake mumlengalenga akhala mwayi wochepa kwambiri kukonzanso ntchito za mchitidwe roketi.

Koma si onse. Reusable, zinthu zina - izo ankafika strut, ndi kuchuluka chofunika wa mafuta. Ndipo uyu, nayenso amachepetsa payload la 30%.

Odalirika roketi?

Kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2013, ilo linapangidwa kumayamba asanu anayi omwe - sankaganiza mode.

Koma Launch wa Chimphamba 9 October 2012, wakhala anazindikira mwa akatswiri monga "pang'ono bwino". Ndiye roketi "Chimphamba 9" kwa nthawi yoyamba anatumiza kwa zida ISS pa galimoto chinjoka. Koma derivation wa Orbcomm-G2 Kanema mu kanjira geostationary analephera chifukwa cha Kanema anaikidwa mu kanjira poyerekeza anakonza.

Motero "pang'ono bwino" Opaleshoni placheven. Orbcomm-G2 anakhala mu kanjira kwa nthawi yaitali ndi 12 October chaka chomwecho, anatenthedwa popanda kufufuza mu mlengalenga.

Pambali imeneyi ndi chidwi SpaceX kufotokoza kulephera. Malinga ndi akatswiri, panali breakage wa khungu ndi fairing mu injini poyamba gawo.

Zimayambitsa ngoziyi

Osati anawonjezera yonena ndi kuphulika kwa Chimphamba 9 roketi mu June 2015 iye anali mu ndege kwa nthawi yaitali - 2 Mphindi masekondi 19. Mwamsanga pamene chida anafika hypersonic boma, panali kuphulika, ndipo pambuyo masekondi 8 Chimphamba 9 anathyola mu zidutswa. NASA mu mgwirizano ndi SpaceX ali unkatchedwa kufufuza mu zimayambitsa tsoka.

Mutu wa SpaceX kampani waika patsogolo Baibulo yake. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso chake, ngoziyi inkachitika chifukwa cha kuthamanga owonjezera mu akasinja ndi oxidant pa siteji chapamwamba. Izi zinachitika pa nthawi imene gawo loyamba silinakwaniritsidwe kulekanitsidwa.

ngozi zina

Kumene, ngozi makampani danga - osati m'chipani. Mwachitsanzo, mu US chaka chino, panali ngozi zitatu (amaganizira tsoka, amene anavutika ndi Launch galimoto Chimphamba 9).

Mu October 2014, pambuyo Launch ku spaceport pa Wallops Island, panali kuphulika kwa mseri chonyamulira roketi Antares. Ankayenera kuti izo kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira ndi ISS galimoto Cygnus (awiriwo chopangidwa ndi yozungulira Sciences).

Komanso mu 2014, anagundidwa Sitima ina SpaceShipTwo. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti izo aphedwe flights suborbital alendo. Ndipo kampani chitukuko Virgin Galactic akadali akufuna kuthetsa mavuto a Ronaldo.

The Launch loyamba la chonyamulira roketi "purotoni-M" zinachitika pa April 7, 2001. Ndiye roketi ndi gawo chapamwamba "mphepo-M" wakhala bwinobwino anaika mu kanjira Kanema "Ekran-M". Pa dongosolo chida ulamuliro anaika bwino Baibulo, lomwe bwino chiyesedwe cha chopopera kudzera heptyl, amene amadziwika kuti chakupha anthu ndipo chilengedwe. Komanso, dongosolo latsopano chidzachulukira unyinji wa payload kuti njira yake.

Kuyambira pamenepo wakhala 90 imalankhula za "purotoni-M", koma 80 a iwo anali zonse kwathunthu. Chifukwa chachikulu cha zochitika mwadzidzidzi chifukwa cha kulephera mu gawo chapamwamba.

Mosakayikira, ziwerengero amenewa amasonyeza bwino miyala ndi mbiri ochuluka. Mulimonsemo, ndi Chimphamba 9 roketi kuphulika kudzakuthandizani kumvetsa bwino mavuto ake ndi kuwatengera iwo mu nkhani pa oyambitsa lotsatira.

Kodi yotsatira?

Pa nthawi, kukasiya kwa ISS ku boma:

• Russian "Patsogolo";
• Japanese HTV;
• chinjoka;
• Cygnus.

Large NASA chimayembekezera pa chinjoka monga gulu kuti akhoza kubwerera katundu ku ISS Padziko Lapansi. The mgwirizano ndi kampani imeneyi anawonjezera kuti 2017, ndipo inakonzedwa 15 kumayamba.

Nthawi yotsiriza chilimbikitso Chimphamba 9 ndi chinjoka Antchito Transport ali bwinobwino ntchito yake December 22, 2015

NASA Kodi mukayikire kuti ngozi ndi Chimphamba 9 samaletsa chilengedwe cha spacecraft zinakhazikitsa. SpaceX kampani akufuna kukhazikitsa ponderous Chimphamba kunagwa roketi pansi pulogalamu imeneyi. Launch Izi akhoza kupikisana ndi Russian "purotoni", ndi Ariane European 5.

ngozi, amene anavutika Roketi US Chimphamba 9, zasonyeza kamodzinso palibe amene sangayesedwe ndi tsoka pamene danga kufufuza.