Ndalama: mbiriyakale ndi makhalidwe a ndondomekoyi

Nkhani anafotokoza kuti Ndalama iyi, yomwe ntchito zida izi, komanso anakhudza pa ulimi wa ndalama kachikumbutso.

The Kale

Kuyambira nthawi makedzana, anthu kuchita malonda, imene ndondomeko ndi kufunika kulenga ofanana chilengedwe kuwombola - ndalama. Poyamba, maudindo awo anali zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, kapena kani, bala awo (monga amatchedwa "hryvna" ndi ntchito Russia), waya kapena ndalama basi. Koma posakhalitsa iwo anali m'malo ndi ndalama, ndi kulemera amodzi ndi, monga Motero, phindu mwadzina. Iwo anapanga zitsulo Ndalama wapatali ndipo anali fixture iliyonse ya dziko amphamvu. Kumene, maonekedwe a ndalama zimasiyanasiyana, malingana ndi dziko kapena dera.

nthawi yathu

Ndipo mkubwela kwa ndalama pepala mu miyoyo yathu, ndalama sanali atulutsidwa kufalitsidwa. Komabe, pafupifupi dziko lonse tsopano zachitsulo wamba kapena aloyi zitsulo sanali akakhala.

Mu ndondomekoyi, monga Ndalama ku Russia, kugwira anthu mints. Maonekedwe ndalama zonse mwachindunji ankadalira osati msinkhu komanso dongosolo la ndale mu dziko. Oimira ankhanza osiyana ndale kalekale anali anadzetsa banknotes aziyenda ndi makhalidwe awo lolingana. Koma, kuwonjezera kupanga mwangwiro, palinso view wina kumene kuli kofunika chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale tanthauzo - ndi kuthamangitsa kachikumbutso ndalama.

Nthawi zambiri, kumene kumachokera chisangalalo, amenenso ali applicable zizindikiro ndalama, koma iwo amasiyana zina chosema kapena mawonekedwe. Nthawi zambiri, anamasulidwa ndi yotsegula kwa zinazake m'mbiri yakale dziko kapena dziko. A kachikumbutso mtengo chomwecho zimenezi ndi monga kutolera zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. Koma nthawi zina zopangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga siliva kapena golide. Kulipira iwo mu sitolo si kunja, koma mukhoza ngati mukufuna kusinthanitsa ndi banki ya kufunika ofanana kapena kugulitsa pa chuma shopu.

Tsopano, mwa njira, kuchita ndalama kupanga kachikumbutso ndi Makampani payekha. The sipekitiramu misonkhano ndi kwambiri lonse, kuyambira tsiku lokonzekera sewero wapadera, mathero kulanda mwachindunji kuti workpiece lapansi. Zofunika amathanso anasankha.

kupanga

Ndipotu, mawu akuti "Ndalama" si zoona ndithu. Choncho tapita fano kusintha ndondomeko pa workpiece ndi nyundo Menya. Koma njira imeneyi ndi inefficient kupanga mafakitale ndi abwino yekha kupanga ndalama yaing'ono. Komanso, fano kawirikawiri anangotengeka.

Tsopano pamene ndalama kupanga ntchito otchedwa phunziroli (wokutira Mzere m'mphepete) ndi embossed, ndi thandizo la atolankhani pamene workpiece ndi kunditumiza ku chitsanzo ankafuna.

Poyamba, mu Ages Middle, ntchito makina wononga, pamene njira kasinthasintha wa ndalezo ndi embossed chinachitika, koma ndi ndondomeko yaitali ndipo si abwino kwa mafakitale ndalama.

Koma pa chiyambi cha XIX atumwi injiniya Nevedomsky ku St. Petersburg analengedwa makina minting ndi tiyipukuse. ntchito yake inali pafupifupi 70 ndalama pa mphindi, umene uli kale yabwino kwa akukhamukira kupanga ndalama.

Ndalama. Industrial zipangizo zamasewela

Mwachidule, zida mafakitale - ndi uthenga womwewo, koma ndi digiri yapamwamba ya zokha. Ntchito yake, i chachikulu ndi liwiro lalitali ndi zilema ziro.

Kwakung'ono zida - chipangizo yaying'ono amene ntchito kwambiri m'munsi. Koma chithunzi khalidwe ndi yofunika kwambiri. zipangizo amenewa amapereka zosiyanasiyana Makampani, kuti munthu akhoza kukhazikitsa ulimi wa ndalama zake kachikumbutso.

Komabe, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti panopa banknotes yabodza ndi chilango mwa lamulo.