Zikuchitikazi zachilengedwe la Iguputo chiyani?

Dzina "Egypt" chiyambi Greek. Agiriki kotero analisintha likulu lakale la Aigupto - Memphis. Okha monga anthu kalelo otchedwa dziko lawo "Kemet" kutanthauza "wakuda." Unali mtundu mfulu, ngati chizindikiro cha dziko analima. Herodotus analemba za anthu a maiko African kuti "Aigupto, anthu onse amene kumwa madzi a Nile." Ndi mtsinje uwu anapereka moyo kwa anthu akale, amene anamanga chitukuko patsogolo. Izi anali ntchito ndi nyengo ya Iguputo. Tidzayensa amadziwa zosazolowereka za anali kachidutswa makamaka m'dziko, ndi makilomita ochepa lonse, imatengedwa chopunthira cha anthu. Kodi mmene chilengedwe ku Egypt, chinathandiza ichi? Tidzayensa kuyankha mafunso awa.

Zinthu zachilengedwe ku Egypt: malire zachilengedwe

Ancient Egypt anali malire zachilengedwe, amene anapanga anthu ake autochthonous anthu. Zinali chitsime chachikulu m'chipululu cha akufa. Nile ku pakhomo oyamba Mediterranean kutalika kwake kunali m'ma 1200 Km. mapiri amiyala ndi zipululu kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa, ndi mathithi kuwoloka pa kum'mwera, ndi nyanja, kumpoto - zonsezi anapereka dziko olekanitsidwa kunja kwa dziko kuthengo, bata mu chitukuko za gawolo.

nyengo

Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti panopa nyengo zinthu zachilengedwe la Iguputo anapanga za 5 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo. nyengo anali m'chipululu otentha tsiku ndi frosts ozizira usiku.

Kuchokera March kuti May pakubwera "zoopsa" nthawi anthu. Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri ukali chimphepo. Minda ndiye yokutidwa ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza mchenga. "Red chipululu mphepo" kuzikwirira midzi yonseyo. Nthawi zina iye kutseka dzuwa kuti kunali kovuta kusiyanitsa usiku kuyambira m'mawa, mu Baibulo pali pofotokoza za "mdima Aigupto", umene wafala zodabwitsazi.

mvula sanali ndi udindo uliwonse pa ulimi ndi ankaona masoka achilengedwe. Kuti tipulumuke, anthu anafunika kumanga machitidwe ulimi wothirira. Choncho, zinthu zachilengedwe la Egypt chakakhira anthu mu gulu lalikulu malonda.

Mosiyanasiyananso Neal

Mtsinjemo, likuvutika umene unali mwayi kuno kukhala chitukuko, si yunifolomu kudutsa dziko. Kuchokera pakhomo oyamba mzinda wa Memphis (m'dera pafupi masiku ano Cairo), m'lifupi zigwa lokhalamo ranged ku makilomita angapo 40, kumpoto kwa Memphis thanthwe adagawana, ndi Nile lagawidwa nthambi zambiri, n'kupanga chigwa lonse kumpoto mu mawonekedwe a makona ndi - ankadziwana ndi mtsinje. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa mapu, mtsinje akufanana mtengo ndi thunthu limodzi, nthambi pamwamba. Kusiyana kumpoto (wotsika Egypt) ndi South (Upper Egypt) bwino chinasiyana: wina anali ndi nyengo Mediterranean, mu zina - Africa. Iwo nawonso anakopeka mbiri ya dziko, monga pali limati awiri osiyana zinalengedwa, koma kenako ophatikizidwa.

chozizwitsa cha chilengedwe

Yunifolomu Nile popangidwa ndi maphatikizidwe wa mitsinje awiri osiyana. Mmodzi - bata (Belyy Nil), anachokera Nyanja Victoria, amene ali mu sub Saharan Africa-. Other - mofulumira (Blue Nile), zichokela ku Aitiopiya ya kumapiri Nyanja Tana.

Mtsinje - chozizwitsa chenicheni cha chikhalidwe. Iye analenga malo abwino pa chitukuko cha ulimi ku Iguputo. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha amodzi cha zachonde Nile matope ndi wodzichepetsa. buku ake anafika matani 100 miliyoni a mchere wolemera alluvium fetereza. Mlingo wa nthaka ukufika ku mamita 18-20, kumene kunali kotheka kukula mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Pakuti kulima mbewu iliyonse, zinali zokwanira basi pang'ono kumasula nthaka improvised wosazindikira khasu ndi kuponyera mu mbewu mchere nthaka. mphatso za chikhalidwe kuloledwa pa gawo kakang'ono aka ndi kusiya lingaliro la migrations aliyense pofunafuna moyo wabwino.

Tiyeni tifananize za mavuto athu makolo-Asilavo. Kukula pansi, ngakhale wodzichepetsa rye, iwo anali kumasula nkhalango za mitengo, kuwatentha kuchotseratu mizu mumtima akulima dziko, ndipo chaka chamawa kachiwiri kufufuza nkhalango, chifukwa nthaka unatha ndipo sanapereke mbewu yotsatira.

Chifukwa Nile anasefukira

madzi osefukira zamakono Russia ogwirizana ndi yozizira mvula, madzi anasefukira mtsinje wa Nailo, m'malo mwake, ndi mvula m'chilimwe otentha boma-Saharan Africa. Iwo zonse anayamba nthawi yomweyo, mpaka tsiku lina, kotero Aiguputo azolowera kalendara.

Kumayambiriro June, madzi akutembenukira wobiriwira chifukwa algae chithaphwi, mtsinje kenako anatembenukira woderapo ku mulu waukulu wa fumbi la chiphala chamoto. Iye anagwa mu Blue Nile chifukwa mvula, zimene zinabweretsa mapiri thanthwe mu mtsinje. Madzi ndi mpaka mamita 15, amene amasonyezedwa ankadziwana, kumene mozama kwambiri chifukwa ndi mamita 7-8.

madzi pachimake mu kuchigwa cha Iguputo anagwa ku mapeto a September - chiyambi cha October. Mu December, mtsinjewo unali mbali ya njanji.

Mu East, Egypt si chitukuko okha amene anakhala pa chigumula. malo ena ngati anali ku Mesopotamiya, amene ankakhala likuvutika wa Tigirisi ndi Firate.

Vuto lenileni linali osefukira Mesopotamia, amene analenga mavuto ambiri, kuphatikizapo njala wotsatira ndi mliri.

Mu Egypt, pa mwake, panali chosowa chinyezi pa chigumula otsika.

"Ndinkaona kuti chilombo ankafunanso kuwononga moyo onse ..."

Anthu akale analambira Nile, ndi zonse kuti pena anali wolumikizana ndi iri yochepetsetsa ake ndi nthenda yotaya. Koma kaya zinthu zachilengedwe la Egypt ndi chikoka chachikulu pa moyo wanu?

Funso limeneli layankhidwa ndi yofotokoza za mbiri Arab m'zaka XII pa zipangizo za magwero mbiri zomwe zilipo. Mu chaka chimodzi panali chilala, "izo zinkawoneka kuti chilombo ankafunanso kuwononga moyo zonse, n'zodalirika." Anthu ataya chiyembekezo litulukira, ndi kuchititsa kuti mitengo analumpha mankhwala. Anthu atapanduka, izo ankadziwa njala yayandikirayo. ndi imfa zotheka.

Zinthu kulimbikitsa heatwave, amene anayambitsa matenda kuchokera mitembo ambiri. Osauka akhala agalu, amphaka, nyama zakufa ndi anthu ndowe yekha ndi manyowa. Ena yophika ndi wophikidwa ana.

Nkhaniyo, ndithudi, ndi yoipa, koma zimaonekeratu chifukwa Aigupto wakale analambira mtsinje kwambiri ndipo anasangalala kwambiri pamene zosawerengeka.

thruway

The mtsinje anatumikira monga waukulu mayendedwe mtsempha wamagazi mu boma, monga otaya kudzera dziko lonse. Kusambira sanali kokha otaya kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto, koma m'malo mwake, nthawi analiza kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo mphepo, zimathandiza ntchito kupalasa ndi zosiyana.

Kodi zinthu zachilengedwe ku Egypt anali Kuwonjezera abwino Nile ndi mumapezeka? Kenako, ife funso limeneli.

oases

Aiguputo moyo osati mu Nile Valley, komanso anamwazikana padziko oases kakang'ono - zilumba m'paradaiso wa greenery ndi madzi mwa osatha wosabereka chipululu. Yaikulu awa - Fayum chitsime mu East. Iwo anali malo pafupifupi 2 sq M.. Km.

Oases anali yoyenda yokha malire a boma, lomwe ndi zovuta kuti iwo anali kudutsa pa makilomita a chipululu akufa. ambiri anafa mwa iwo, kuyesera kuwapeza, kapena mosinthanitsa, kutuluka. Izi zimasonyeza kuti Aiguputo anatumizidwa ku madela kwina yotchedwa awo zigawenga ndi kuwasungira popanda chitetezo chilichonse.

Zinthu zachilengedwe la Egypt (5 kalasi, mbiri): nyama ndiponso zomera mu masiku amakedzana

Flora ndi zinyama kalelo zinali zosiyana, kuposa izo ziri tsopano.

M'chaka cha chigwa ankatha kuona mbidzi, njati, akadyamsonga, nguluwe mu Nile m'madambo, agwape ndi akadyamsonga, akambuku ndi mikango, Barbary nkhosa. Mu mtsinje anawatengera ng'ona, mvuu, mitundu yambiri ya nsomba. Zonsezi zathandiza kuti kusiyanitsa zakudya okhalamo, kupereka kumsika ndi masewera ndi nsomba.

Mwa zomera anakula mitengo ya kanjedza, zamaluwa, amtunduwu, mthethe, bwemba, mkuyu. Izi zathandiza kuti ntchito mu masiku chakudya, nkhuyu, kupanga pepala (amtunduwu), zomera ntchito mankhwala.

zinthu zothandiza

Nature anapatsa Igupto osati chonde m'nthaka, nyama ndi zomera, komanso nkhokwe losatha la kumanga mwala: miyala sandstone, lubwe, basalt, translucent alabasitala, koloko (Mica, ntchito mtembo). Mu Nubia, ndi East ali olemera miyala ya golide, Suli kutali ndi Aigupto Sinai - madipoziti kwambiri wa miyala mkuwa.

Zida kuti zinkachokera ku dziko, anali pang'ono malata, siliva ndi mkungudza.

Pomaliza

Ife anayankha funso, kodi zinthu zachirengedwe wakale Egypt chitukuko analola kukhalapo. Kuti adzimvera. Chuma chuma cha dziko ndi osefukira wa Nile kwambiri zimatithandiza moyo wa Aigupto. N'chifukwa chake pali msanga kusanduka chitukuko, mosiyana, mwachitsanzo, malo ena kumene anthu amakhala pafupi moyo ndi imfa. Koma nthawi yomweyo zinthu zimenezi zamzitini chitukuko cha sayansi.

The mavuto a moyo wa anthu ena amakakamizidwa kupeza zina, zipangizo chipangizo zambiri, kufufuza zipangizo zatsopano, sayansi ikupita patsogolo. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chitukuko cha luso asilikali, kusintha kwa zida. Zonsezi zakhudza ndi mbiri ya Iguputo wakale, umene nkhondo zida kuwala ndi pikes mkuwa ndi nkhwangwa akukumana ndi zida zambiri zotsogola ochokera m'mayiko ena.