Zimasokoneza - sikuti miyala kapena galu, komanso china

Zimaswana - lingaliro ili amakhudza kwambiri. Mtundu anasonyeza tonse a mtundu wina, maganizo amoyo ndi kuti moyo.

Kodi zikutanthauzanji izi

Zimaswana - mapangidwe amoyo ambiri ndi zamoyo zopanda moyo. Tingaone:

1. Nyama, zimasiyanasiyana malo kapena katundu wina. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa nyama zimenezi zitha moyo kumpoto kapena kum'mwera. Iwo chimaonekera anthu (galu Mitundu, amphaka, etc.). Mtundu zinyama onse akukhala steppes nkhalango, backyards kunyumba.
2. Zomera. Nthawi zambiri, mitengo amadziŵika, monga conifers.
3. Mchere, zipangizo migodi.
4. Nthawi zina mawu akuti "thanthwe" amanena za anthu a amuna kapena akazi, chiyambi.

Mtundu tikhoza kunena kuti zinthu zili zofewa kapena zovuta, monga matabwa.

nkhuni

Zovuta thanthwe - chopereka cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo, amene anatsimikiza ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri ntchito kuzindikira kuuma kwa mtengo njira Brinell. Zimatengera muyeso wa kuzama kwa indentations mu nkhuni. Chifukwa katundu ndi mbamuikha mpira zitsulo. Izo zinali ndiye yotengedwa ndi anayeza kuya kufufuza otsala mu mayunitsi kuuma (HB).

Nthawi zina kuuma kwa chimaonekera mwa Rockwell lonse. Kuyesa mfundo ndi wofanana ndi m'mbuyomu, koma mayunitsi wa muyeso mu nkhani iyi, ndi zina - HRC kapena HRA, HRB.

The zotsatira za kafukufuku magawano analemba mitengo kuuma. Mu malo oyamba Jatoba ndi kuwumitsa 7 HB. Mu malo chachiwiri Sucupira, amene kuuma ndi 5.6 HB.

mitengo yonse ndi kuuma osachepera 4 HB amatanthauza zofewa.

miyala olimba

Zovuta thanthwe - thupi olimba chiyambi zachilengedwe, anawagawa m'magulu atatu akulu akulu: nyanja, igneous ndi metamorfoznye.

Nkhani ambiri ndi lubwe chiyambi magmatic. Ambiri ntchito yomanga.

The kutumphuka pamwamba pabwino miyala nyanja. Iwo chifukwa cha ntchito ya zinthu kapena chiwonongeko mitundu ina. Nyanja thanthwe - pang'ono kum'mwera mitundu, monga clastic, mankhwala ndi mitundu organic.

Metamorphic nthawi zambiri slate, mabo ndipo khwatsi. zinthuzi anapanga pansi zochita za kutentha ndi kuthamanga.

nyama

Zimaswana nyama - ndi gulu zambiri za oimira mitundu chomwecho, ndi mbiri chitukuko. Kawirikawiri mtundu wakhala katundu zina anatengera chibadidwe chibadwa. Komanso, n'kofunika kuti makolo ndi ana ndi mbali yomweyo, mitundu kukula kwa thupi. Ndi kudutsa Mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena hybrids analandira metises.

Pakuti mtundu watsopano amathera ntchito yaikulu kwa zaka zambiri. Chotsatira angapo mibadwo ya nyama zomwe anawulula zizindikiro zofanana zakunja chibadwa anaika makhalidwe.

Kamodzi obereketsa wakwanitsa mukufuna (a mibadwo ochepa ali yemweyo, mbali wosasintha), umatchedwa mtundu mfundo. Nyama zoterezi amakhala mahatchi mbewu kuchuluka moti n'zotheka kukhala chiyero cha mtundu wa. Atafika kufunika zotsatira mtundu m'kaundula ndi zingwe ku dziko ina.

zomera

Komanso kawetedwe mtundu watsopano wa mitengo coniferous. Iwo akamagwira kudutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu ya paini, thuja, yofanana ndi mkungudza. Chifukwa, obereketsa tingawadziwe zomera kugonjetsedwa kuti ndi katundu zachilendo. Mwachitsanzo, nyenyezi yaing'ono paini, conifers, amatha kupirira frosts kwambiri, cones paini ndi mtundu zachilendo, masingano.

mtundu uliwonse - chifukwa cha ntchito ikuchitika kwa nthawi yaitali. Osadandaula, iye analengedwa ndi chikhalidwe kapena ndi mwamuna.