Ndani anapanga mafuta a maski? Chimene chinachititsa kuti dziko la Russia liziyambitsidwa

Sindikudziwika kuti ndani anapanga gasi mask. Palibe lingaliro lodziwika pa nkhaniyi. Zojambula zawo zakale zidagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Middle Ages, pamene madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito masikiti apadera ndi mazitali aatali. Amaika zitsamba za mankhwala mwa iwo. Madokotala amakhulupirira kuti izi zingawateteze ku mliri ndi matenda ena. Chofunika kwambiri, kulengedwa kwa gasi mask kunatha kumapeto kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri - zaka zoyambirira za makumi awiri. Linali logwirizana osati ndi machiritso, koma ndi zankhondo.

Mwachidule za masks a mafuta

Musanadziwe yemwe anayambitsa gasi mask, ziyenera kufotokozedwa chomwe chiri. Katemerayu amateteza kupuma, komanso maso ndi khungu.

Pali mitundu iwiri:

1. Fyuluta - imateteza zinthu zina zoopsa. Pakali pano yemwe amanyamula, amapuma mpweya kuchokera ku chilengedwe chimene chimadutsa mu fyuluta.
2. Kupatula - kumapereka munthu ndi mpweya kuchokera mu chidebe chodzaza ndi oxygen yochepa.

Kupangidwa kwa mafuta masks kunkagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu watsopano wa zida - mpweya wakupha. Kuti mudziwe kuti chaka chomwe gasi mask anapangidwira ndi chovuta, popeza asayansi osiyanasiyana padziko lonse amagwira ntchito pa chipangizo ichi panthawi yomweyo.

Kupangidwa kwa Lewis Haslett

Ndani anapanga mafuta a maski? Kuchokera pakuwona nthawi, nthawi yoyamba, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku gasi yamakono, inakhazikitsidwa mu 1847. Wolemba wake anali American Lewis Haslett.

Pulogalamuyi inavomerezedwa kuti ikhale yotchedwa "Pulmonary Protector". Linaphatikizapo chipika ndi fyuluta yodzidzimutsa. Chipangizocho chinali ndi ma valve kuti azimitse ndi kutulutsa. Zikhoza kuikidwa pakamwa kapena mphuno.

Komabe, pa Dziko Loyamba, njira zodalirika zinkatetezedwa kuti ateteze asilikali. Pamene Ajeremani anayamba kugwilitsila nchito mpweya, asayansi anayamba nchito yopititsa patsogolo maskki omwe analipo kale.

Ndani anapanga maskiti a fyuluta kwa asilikali a nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse?

Kulemba kwa Nikolai Zelinsky

Msilikali wa ku Russia panthawi ya kupha, asilikali ankateteza kupuma kwake pogwiritsa ntchito kavalidwe kameneka kamene kanakonzedwa ndi mankhwala apadera. Panalibe ntchito kuchokera kutetezedwa kotere. Zinali zofunikira kukhazikitsa njira zothandiza zotetezera.

Wolemba zamagetsi wa ku Russia Zelinsky anaganiza kugwiritsa ntchito malasha monga fyuluta. Chifukwa cha mayeserowa, adatsimikiza kuti birch, yomwe idakonzedweratu, imatengera zinthu zoopsa kwambiri.

Lingaliro la Zelinsky linazindikiridwa ndi injiniya Kummant. Anapanga chigoba cha raba chomwe chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi nkhope yake. Mpweya unalowa m'kati mwa kupuma kudzera mu fyuluta. Chipangizocho chinapangidwa miyezi ingapo. Galimoto yoyamba ya gasi masks inatumizidwa kunkhondo mu 1916. Pa nthawi yonse ya nkhondo, pafupifupi masentimita khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu a magetsi anagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa asilikali a Entente.

Komabe, Haslett ndi Zelinsky sizinali okhawo amene anapanga maski. Iwo anali mmodzi wa iwo omwe ankagwira ntchito pa vuto lalikulu. Anali kuteteza kupuma kwa utsi kapena utsi woopsa.

Masikiti a gasi a ena opanga zinthu

Pali zidziwitso zowonjezera m'madera ena nthawi yayitali Zelinsky ngakhale Haslett akubwera.

Zitsanzo za zochitika:

• Mu 1871, katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi ya ku Ireland John Tundalls anapanga mpweya wotsegula mpweya umene unateteza ziwalo za utsi ndi mpweya woopsa womwe unamasulidwa pamoto.
• Mu 1891, Bernhard Lobs anapanga mpweya wabwino, umene unali ndi chidebe chachitsulo. Iyo inagawidwa muzipinda zitatu.
• Mu 1901 mpweya unayambira, umene unaphimba mutu wonse. Mpweya unadutsa mu fyuluta yochokera ku kaboni.
• Mu 1912 Garrett Morgan anapanga chipangizo choteteza oteteza moto ndi amisiri omwe amayenera kugwira ntchito pamalo omwe ali ndi poizoni wambiri. Wolemba kuchokera ku USA.
• Wina anayambitsa mask a ku United States ndiye anayambitsa Alexander Drager, wochokera ku Germany. Iye anapatsa chilolezo chake mu 1914.

Zili zovuta kunena m'dziko limene gasi mask anapangidwira. Zolengedwa zake zinkachitika ku America ndi ku Russia. Komabe, zipangizo za Zelinsky zinakhala zofala kwambiri pa Nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse. Izo zinayendetsedwa osati ku Russia kokha, komanso ku England ndi Germany. Chipangizocho chinadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, koma wasayansi wa ku Russian sanapezepo kalikonse pa izi.