Zitsanzo za Luso mabuku ndi kulankhula. Mawu a Luso kumabungwe osiyanasiyana a ntchito

Aliyense ntchito ali limatchula yake, osati ntchito komanso mawu a. Terms, maina a zida, ntchito zochitika - izi zonse tanthauzo yake, zomveka yekha kwa akatswiri. Patsogolo kusesa dzikoli, ndi chitukuko cha sayansi limapezeka koposa mawu atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, Dziwani kuti lero, pafupifupi 60 zikwi mayina pali m'munda wa zamagetsi, ndipo mu dikishonare odziwika Ozhegova iwo mu 3000 zochepa. Apo ayi, monga kuphulika kwa terminology, iwo sakutchedwa.

Luso chinenero cha Chirasha: malo ndi kufunika

Choyamba, tiyeni chimatanthauza zodabwitsazi. Yopanga lotanthauzira - yoyenda yokha dongosolo chinenero, amene amakhala osakaniza malingaliro zonse za sayansi ndi luso ndi maudindo. Ndi ambiri otukuka mudziwe ntchito.

Chifalikira Special mawu ndi chilankhulo zolembalemba, zomwe zimayamba mwamtheradi, kuyambira mawu apadera kwambiri angakhaledi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zifukwa cholinga. Izi zikuphatikizapo popularization ya sayansi, ndi kuwongolera chikhalidwe anthu, ndi kugula kuti umisiri wamakono kulankhulana. Mwachitsanzo, lero ife tonse tikudziwa kuti apogee ichi ndi perigee, palibe kudabwa ndi mawu akuti "ankafika zofewa" kapena sayansi chikondwererochi.

chinenero mabuku ndi mawu akatswiri ndi maziko wamba mawu mapangidwe ndi chigamulocho mkombero zingakhale choncho: kale mfundo ndi phindu latsopano lomwe lili specialization yopapatiza.

akatswiri Communication, mitundu yonse ya zokhudza sayansi, malipoti ndi malipoti kupanga muli zitsanzo za Luso, amene gulu lawo.

Zikhulupiriro zinenero mawu wapadera

Choyamba, mawu (ku Latin - "malire"). Choncho ndi mawuwo (mwa kulankhula kwina - chinenero chamanja), zomwe correlates ndi mfundo zapadera. Kuti, mawu m'gulu ambiri neologisms kuwonekera posachedwapa. Chitsanzo ndi Luso mankhwala.

Terminological: zigawo zake - Ndipotu, onse zizindikiro zomwezo chinenero, koma kale zamoyo ku ukugwirira ntchito ngati unagawanika (osakwatira) matanthauzo pamaso kulumikiza mu chiphunzitso coherent sayansi.

Nomen (Latin 'dzina banja "). Ndi wodziimira m'gulu la mawu osonyeza limodzi looneka chinthu. Mwachitsanzo, pamene timasonyeza chida ndi kunena kuti ndi oscilloscope, chimene ife aipereke nthawi iliyonse ilo mwamsanga pamene mukumva mau awa. Kuti layman ndi sikutheka kulingalira chipangizo china kuti imatembenuza oscillations magetsi.

Ambiri demokalase chiphunzitso cha mawu wapadera - ndi Luso. yogawa Special analandira mu kukambirana, monga ambiri a iwo mwamwayi n'chimodzimodzi ndi mfundo za sayansi. Chitsanzo cha Luso angapezeke m'madikishonale manyuzipepala ndi magazini, ndi ntchito zolembalemba, nthawi zambiri ikuchitika malemba awa, wophiphiritsa-limaonetseratu ntchito.

gulu la yatsoka

Pali njira zitatu mapangidwe mawu lapadera:

- Kwenikweni lexical. Ndi zikamera wa zinthu apadera. Mwachitsanzo, asodzi ku mneni "shkerit" (m'matumbo nsomba) anapanga dzina la ntchito - "shkershik".

- lexical-zamalankhulidwe. Zikamera wa jargon ndi rethinking mawu kale, ndiko kuti, maonekedwe a mtengo wake watsopano. Kwa osindikiza osati limagubuduzika nduwira, ndi kaphatikizidwe mabuku ambiri chamutu. A chitoliro mlenje akuimira kanthu koma mchira wa nkhandwe ndi.

- Lexical derivation. Zitsanzo jargon akuwuka mu njira iyi, n'zosavuta kudziwa, kuyambira Kuwonjezera izi wa suffixes kapena mawu. Aliyense akudziwa zimene malo (limagwirira kubwerera kapena mbali chinachake) kapena mkonzi wamkulu - mkonzi wamkulu.

Features kulankhula ndi mawu wapadera

Ngakhale malire amamvekera ntchito ndi Luso zopezeka zonse masitayilo Chirasha. Dryness wa kalembedwe boma n'zosadabwitsa, chotero, ndipo Luso mu ntchito yake yosavuta pofotokoza tanthauzo la watero lapansi.

Poganizira mawu sayansi, pali Luso ntchito pa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

- kwa kuloŵerera bwino mfundo ndi mawu ophiphiritsa wapadera;

- n'zotheka kuti msanga pamtima malemba chifukwa cha mphamvu mfundo;

- Pewani tautology, ndi kuika mu malo mawu zitsanzo za Luso.

Pakuti masitaelo journalistic ndi luso la ntchito mawu enieni zimachitika ndi ntchito chimodzimodzi:

- zambiri;

- kulankhula (osati kugonana monga ngwazi ngwazi, koma owerenga-wolemba);

- khama kupulumutsiramo kulankhula - Luso nthawi akufotokoza wamfupi akuti;

- chidziwitso, kupanga chidwi chidziwitso.

Kodi pali mawu wapadera

Ndiwo Luso choyamba, mawu mbadwa Russian akhala akukonza zamalankhulidwe rethinking. Iwo kutuluka mawu chanthambi: mwachitsanzo, kwa waya magetsi amakhala wochepa thupi tsitsi. Colloquial wamba mawu mosungiramo amapereka dzina la nyundo chogwirira - ubivka ndi jargon anapereka dalaivala downtime kuitana "kimarit". Ngakhale m'zilembo m'dera nawo tanthauzo la msewu waukulu - msewu waukulu.

Chinanso chomwe maonekedwe a mawu wapadera anaitenga ku zinenero zina. Ambiri a iwo Luso - zitsanzo za mawu mankhwala. Kodi dzina la kudzachitika, olimba Latin koma bakha kunsi kwa bedi. Kapena Mwachitsanzo, atolankhani akunja ndi mtundu wotchedwa cliché, kumene tili okha zoti chithunzi kumanzere izo.

makampani aliyense kupanga ali zinthu zimene zimapanga m'dongosolo limene makalasi akhoza kumasulidwa. Ndiyeno, ndi wina amafuna maina ena chifukwa choti m'magulu thematic.

Za magulu lexical ndi thematic

maina Professional muli osati kudziwa za mafakitale, komanso maganizo a wokamba kuti nkhaniyo. Kuyambira mfundo imeneyi, iwo ndi cholinga (kawirikawiri nomeny) ndi zotengera malingaliridwe:

- akufotokoza zoipa kapena Izitu n'zovutitsa kuti nkhaniyo. Choncho, wolakwika makina ziziyenda - bokosi.

- ikukhudzana mwachindunji kwa udindowo. Choncho, anakhala yoponya mabomba yoponya mabomba ndege.

- Ngakhale luso la ntchito zingasonyeze Luso. Zitsanzo za mawu pomanga zomangamanga kunena pustoshovka (pang'ono sungunuka) kapena mulu wa dziko lapansi (khoma m'goli).

Onse a magulu awa imvera kugwirizana ena, ndipo iwo anasiyana zenizeni ndi mawu.

Za magulu lexical-zamalankhulidwe

mawu Professional zili zogwirizana osati kokha ndi kukhalapo kwa kuwunika maganizo ndi nkhani kapena mutu, komanso kucheza ndi mzake. Zimenezi zikugwira asapita zamalankhulidwe: synonymy, homonymy, polysemy, mafanizo. magulu otsatirawa akhoza kuwasiyanitsa pankhaniyi:

- Mawu amene ali ofanana lotanthauzira wamba. phindu angapezeke ndi kutsegula Dictionary. Luso la dongosolo mu Chirasha kwambiri: zanga - chachikulu mezhkolonochnye danga patsamba nyuzipepala.

- terminology ofanana. M'madera osiyanasiyana ukatswiri izo zikutanthauza chinthu chomwecho. Mwachitsanzo, ziziyenda, omanga ndi makina zidutswa amatchedwa "pensulo".

- mawu angapo. Mawu "Vaz" kusiya makhalidwe odziwika bwino galimoto ngati chizindikiro, ndi kutchula ina camshaft mu luso lopanga.

Ndipo potsiriza, pa jargon ndi

Aliyense ntchito angapo a mawu, mawu, mawu, amene ali mawu yowala kwambiri. Koma zimakhala ofanana matanthauzo mwamwayi mawu ena. Iwo akugwiritsidwa kokha mu amalankhula mu akatswiri kulankhulana amatchedwa "akatswiri jargon."

Limatchula za chinenero kuvumbitsira zovuta kuzimvetsa m'manja a anthu, omwe ali kunja kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu. mapulogalamu ambiri ndi kum'chitira Luso jargon: ketulo, galu kapena machira. Iwo kale amakhala ngati slang - chinenero chikhalidwe wamba mu yopapatiza chilengedwe akatswiri kapena ngakhale asocial. ntchito chinenero mobisa, iye yekha "awo".

Pomaliza

Zonse zimene zikukhudza mawu akatswiri jargon, ndipo ngakhale slang, muyenera zonse kuphunzira, monga ndithu lalikulu lexical wosanjikiza, amene sitingakane, popeza amasonyeza njira zakale ndi chitukuko cha anthu.