Zomera ndi nyama ya Red Book m'dera Vladimir: mndandanda chithunzi

The Red Book of Vladimir dera - chikalata, amene anaonekera chifukwa pogwira ntchito ya kalavulagaga asayansi. Lokha malo wolemera mu nkhalango (iwo atenge pang'ono kuposa theka la malo okwana), ndi ululu pozizira, zikutanthauza ambiri a nyama ndi zomera. N'chifukwa chake dera Vladimir ndi nyama yambiri ya Red Book. Pansi yabwino kwambiri zachilengedwe peresenti chithunzi 6 m'dziko - Dera la zinthu otetezedwa. Pakati pawo ndi National Park "Meschera" ndi nyanja Isihra. Apa ndi mbali ya malo ndi "Klyazma" tanthauzo feduro.

Red Book ndi chiyani?

Sitepe yoyamba ndi kusankha chimene Red Book, zomwe cholinga chake ndi mbali. Choncho chikalata ichi ndi mndandanda wa oimira osowa kapena pangozi ya nyama ndi zomera.

Ndi kulakwa kuganiza kuti chikalata woterewu okha la Russia. Mu 1963, bungwe la International Red Book (ntchito pa izo zinachitika mu 1948) wamasulidwa.

Pankhani yeniyeni kuti dziko lathu, kuti kugwa kwa USSR panali Red Book wa USSR, ndiyeno - mu 2001 kale adaona kuwala kwa m'ndandanda wa zomera kutetezedwa ndi nyama Russia, yotchedwa Red Book. Ndiyeno, nzika za Federation ya ayamba kutulutsa Red Data awo dera Books.

Umabweretsa pamodzi zikalata ofanana wina - dongosolo lawo. zomera zonse ndi zinyama ali m'magulu a mbisoweka kwathunthu (kutsogolo kwa iwo chizindikiro 0) kwa anthu amene ali mu ndondomeko kuchira (chizindikiro 5). Pakati pa mfundo izi kukumana kuopseza kusonyeza mofulumira (1), chiwerengero cha kuchepetsa (2), kawirikawiri (3) ndipo indeterminate (4).

Total mabuku onse ofiira ndi zinalengedwera - lililonse buku limodzi ndi chithunzi chowala ndi lakuti malo okhala.

The Red Book of Vladimir dera

Kodi sways nyama ndi zomera kutchulidwa Red Book wa dera Vladimir, chiwerengero chawo chimachititsa nyama 160 zomera yemweyo ndi bowa 10.

Tikumbukenso kuti poyerekezera ndi 2008 (kope loyamba la Red Book) panyengo chiwerengero cha nyama yafupika ndendende kawiri, zomera ndi mayunitsi 48, ndi bowa pa 7.

The Book Red a Vladimir dera, nyama ndi zomera zimene muli nkhani imeneyi poyamba inafalitsidwa mu 2008. Izo zinali ndiye mndandanda wa mitunduyi azibweretsa (Bwanamkubwa Watsimikiza) mu izo. Zonsezi - chifukwa cha ntchito mwakhama asayansi, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe mndandanda latheka.

Mu 2010, mndandanda wa ndikusinthidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa. chifukwa chake chinali chiyani? Mwatsoka, kokha kuchepetsa mitundu malo. Kufikira tsopano, nyama ya Red Book of Vladimir dera pafupi kutha - ichi muskrat Russian, ndi Crane, ndi ena ambiri. Pano pali mitundu yambiri yosowa ya nyama ndi zomera aliyense wa magulu.

masamba dziko

Monga tanenera, pang'ono oposa theka a gawo m'maderawa aphimbidwa ndi nkhalango, minda makamaka birch kapena nkhalango paini ndi nkhalango spruce. Palinso ali osokonezeka. M'madera ena, pali nthandala yosowa ya mitengo achinyamata laimu - iwo mwankhanza kudula m'zaka otsiriza, ndipo tsopano kuyesera kuti abwezeretse. Ndi mmenenso zilili ndi mitengo thundu: ali osowa, ali makamaka pa magombe a Klyazma ndi Oka mitsinje.

Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango, amtengo lonyowa ndi ofunda nyengo ya gulu pakati ndi mwayi waukulu chifukwa cha kukula kwa zipatso ndi bowa. Komanso, dera wolemera ndi chubu zomera, ambiri mwa amene m'gulu pangozi, koma makamaka kutetezedwa olembedwa kuti "pangozi" Mwachitsanzo, polushnik lokhala ndi ubweya, slipper chidona, Karelian birch, madzi caltrop.

Polushnik lokhala ndi ubweya - zomera anapeza m'mphepete mwa malo osiyanasiyana, izo wakonda dothi mchenga ndi silty kapena mchenga chabe. Polushnik akhoza kukula kwa akuya mamita 2, motero wakonda madzi oyera kwambiri. Ngalande ndi kuipitsa madzi kumayambitsa kutha kwa mbewu.

Yamunthu Slipper - duwa, osati kumenya kukongola kwake, komanso achire. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamene sedative a. duwali chidwi ndi zomwe rasteniem- "msampha" kudya mungu awo. Ndakuuzani osati mu Russia komanso m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya. Chifukwa chiyani? Ndi zochita za anthu: kudula nkhalango kudzala mlendo kwa zomera malo, izo umawononga amenewa ndi osiyana ndi a anthu awo, kodi slipper kwa mayiyo.

Chidwi ndi mbiri ya chitetezo cha rogulnika akuyandama. Mpaka posachedwapa, anakagwira ntchito Red Book wa RSFSR Koma ayamikike miyezo ntchito, anachotsedwa kumeneko. Rogulnik anali kokha mu zida dera zachilengedwe. Kuphatikizapo Red Book m'dera Vladimir: nyama ndi zomera zalembedwa mu izo, kuti pafupifupi mbisoweka m'deralo. Chifukwa rogulnik? zipatso zake akufanana mutu wa ng'ombe. Chimakula mu amatunga madzi patsogolo kapena pang'onopang'ono loyenda. Kuyambira wakonda dothi silty.

Mitengo: Karelian birch

Karelian birch - wapadera kwathunthu chodabwitsa zomera. matabwa ake ali chitsanzo achilengedwe.

Kuyambira kale wakhala ntchito kupanga mitundu yonse ya katundu wa m'nyumba (zodzikongoletsera, caskets). Mwatsoka, anthu ambiri a Karelian birch ang'ono ndi Choncho, anagwira ntchito yake kuteteza: adakhala ndi mtengo uliwonse umene unapangidwa yokha ndi chilolezo cha apolisi.

tizilombo

Kuchuluka kwa nkhalango ndi matupi madzi anapereka kunyumba abwino mitundu ya zomera. Komabe, nyama ya m'dera Vladimir, kutchulidwa Red Book, achuluka kwambiri. Pakati pawo panali monga tizilombo ndi mbalame, ndi nyama.

Monga tizilombo, ayenera anati loyamba la onse pa kafadala pansi Menetries, chonyezimira ndi lofiirira - onse a iwo ali pafupi kutha makamaka chifukwa chakuti moyo mu nkhalango (chonyezimira, wofiirira), kumene mankhwala processing, migodi, odyetserako ng'ombe, kapena m'madambo (Menetries), zomwe imvera reclamation lalikulu zedi.

Mukhoza kuona bumblebees: wamba, yonellyus, Moss, zipatso ndi dongo. Komanso njuchi kalipentala. oimira onsewa Hymenoptera ndi kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo: udzu ndi mitengo ntchito odyetserako, kukonzedwa mankhwala, nkhalango amakhudzidwa ndi moto ndi kudula mitengo.

arthropoda

Osowa nyama Vladimir dera ku Red Book - kumakhalanso arthropods. Shirokopaly ndi nkhanu uzkopaly, akangaude, silverfish, Szczytno kasupe ndi nkhanu - kuti mamembala ena a mitundu.

Khansa ndi uzkopaly shirokopaly, ndi chidwi kuti iwo alibe intersect aataliatali, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasuntha wachiwiri oyamba. kusiyana Large zosiyanasiyana ayi: iwo amakonda uli ndi madzi mpweya, oyera. Chifukwa cha kukula yawo, monga Motero, chitetezo ndi kuipitsa ndi kuyanika ndi matupi madzi, komanso matenda enieni - mliri khansa.

Kangaude-ngale zimapangitsa zachilengedwe pang'ono zochepa nkhawa kuposa nkhanu anapereka pamwamba. Ndi mitundu yekha wa arachnids ndinazolowera moyo mu madzi. Izo wakonda madzi bwino loyenda kapena ataima madzi. Kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo, komanso kuipitsa kwachititsa chakuti madzi cholowa akangaude ang'onoang'ono.

Szczytno kasupe ndi nkhanu musati amasiyana pakati pawo. Nyama zimenezi ndi Red Book wa dera Vladimir moyo pansi mayiwe, ndipo kuya akhoza zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa masentimita ochepa (puddles, ngalande). Chifukwa kuchepetsa - atayanika ndi malo wowonjezera kutentha madzi.

nsomba

Nyama ndi zomera Red Book of Vladimir dera, tikukhala mu amatunga, satanthauza kuti tizilombo arthropods - pakati pawo pali nsomba. Pakati pawo ndi ponena starlet ndi bullhead ofunika. The choyamba - owonetsetsa chiyero cha madzi, n'chifukwa chake analembedwa Red Book mitundu pangozi, chifukwa madzi oyera okha Madamu ndi zochepa. Komanso, timathawa ntchito yomwe chilengedwe pamaziko a malo a mitsinje, pamene madzi si kutsukidwa bwino, zoipa kukhutitsa ndi mpweya, monga malo awa n'zovuta mwa nsomba zimaswana.

Bullhead amadziwikanso imapezeka mu loonekeratu madzi. Mosiyana sterlets zilibe amasamukira ndi kukhala mu nkhokwe zake. Nsomba zimenezi mpaka 12 masentimita ndi zopatsa mantha kwambiri maonekedwe: mutu waukulu, opondapo ndi lonse maso wofiira. Mamba mu sculpin, koma pali minga, amene m'mbuyo adani. Ochekenera chithunzi akufanana pansi: nsomba bulauni-wachikasu, nthawi zina Kamaoneka kulocha.

mbalame

The Red Book of Vladimir dera, nyama imene chithunzi - nkhani imeneyi, ndipo mulinso mbalame. Oimira dongosolo ili pa mndandanda wa kwambiri, Anthu amene ali ndi udindo wa "pangozi" chokha.

Little tern. mbalame likhazikika pa gombe la mitsinje, nyanja ndi malo, mofulumira yake ochepa malo kukaikira mazira zotheka, kuwonjezera, pali milandu pamene malo a terns paliponse pa madzi osefukira.

White ndi wakuda dokowe. mitundu izi mbalame ziwiri amakhudzidwa, makamaka chifukwa cha poaching ndi chiwonongeko cha zisa. Koma chachikulu chokongola storks - kusamukira ku miyezi yozizira iwo achoke ndi kubwerera ku zisa zawo m'chaka. Kenako kuikira mazira ndi mtundu. kukhwimitsa chitetezo tinapangidwa kuwathandiza kukaikira mazira, komanso anapondereza poaching.

Kuyambira mbalame zodya nyama mosamala kwambiri kutetezedwa ndi Red Book osprey, njoka mphungu, golide mphungu, woyera-tailed mphungu ndi peregrine kabawi. Chiwerengero cha mitundu ya mbalame zodya nyama yafupika chifukwa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, makamaka atenge mbali pa zofooka malo kuswana ndi chiwonongeko cha zisa ndi zilombo zolusa, (monga nkhandwe). Mwatsoka, pali ndi chinthu cha kuwonongeka kwa malo, chifukwa chiombankhanga Mphamba kudya mbalame zazing'ono ndi nyama angathe kukhalira mu malo zakhudzana ndi mankhwala.

Kadzidzi - mbalame ina ya nyama, ndiwo kukuteteza. mwayi A kupeza ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma XX wakhala pafupifupi ziro: kadzidzi pafupi ikutha. Izi zinali makamaka chifukwa zochita za anthu: mbalame anawomberedwa, mwapang'ono m'madera a malo awo (kudula mitengo) ndi kukhale kovuta kuti amagwira chakudya. Mphungu kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. amadya ndi yosiyanasiyana, zingakhale ngati mbalame zina zodya nyama zam'madzi ndi achule. Kunja khalidwe Mbali - mtundu wa "makutu" wa nthenga pamutu.

nyama

Nyama magazi ofunda wa Red Book wa dera Vladimir, ndi zithunzi ndi kufotokoza chimene chiri bwino m'nkhani ino ndi ochepa. Makamaka nkhawa zachilengedwe njati, Eurasian amphaka, otter ndi muskrat Russian. Tiyeni tione nyama zambiri.

Njati amatanthauza parnopalym nyama. Pa anangotsala pang'ono kutha, amaona waukulu wa nyama zonse mu Europe. Nyama zimenezi chachikulu moyo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, amene sadzalola ungulates ena. Panopa, mitsuko ndi akuyendera kuonjezera chiwerengero njati.

Lynx vulgaris - nthumwi ya banja mphaka ndi kukula si choposa galu lalikulu. mdani uyu ali ndi maonekedwe losaiwalika, amadziwika a mphaka ndi - "burashi" pa makutu. Animal ubweya ali okongola kwambiri, chifukwa chimene chiri chifuno cha poaching.

Mtsinje otter Selety pa magombe a swirling mtsinje. Izi ziyenera kukhala laling'ono nyama ya banja weasel, chifukwa madzi amenewa amaundana m'nyengo yozizira, ndi otter amakhala ndi kudyetsa mu iwo. Iye ndi kusambira zodabwitsa, amathandiza mu thupi elongated, yoteroyo Ngati a Bakha ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza wa mafuta amaundana m'madzi ozizira. Nyama ndi zomera Red Book of Vladimir dera pali mbali kwambiri chifukwa cha kuipitsa malo anthu. Otter - yotero. Popeza kuti zitha kukhala mu madzi oyera, ndipo malo amenewa kukhala ang'onoang'ono.

Russian Desman - mmodzi kwambiri woimira nyama, ndiotetezedwa. Nyama imeneyi ali ndi zoseketsa kwambiri form: mphuno yaitali, thupi furry ndi ongokhala amphamvu mamba mchira-gudumu, wakupatsani mwamsanga akamagwiritsa mu kamakumba una kuti digs m'mphepete mwa mitsinje wofatsa ndi madamu. Ambiri ang'ono poaching nyama likuoneka: m'zaka za m'ma XIX izo awonongedwe zedi yaikulu. Iye anawonjezera zopereka zake kwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero ndi ntchito zachuma munthu: madzi ngalande kapena kumanga n'kosaloleka m'malire awo.