Zverinetsky ansembe yotchedwa, Kiev: adiresi, chithunzi ndi mbiri

Kuyambira kale likulu la Ukraine, wotchuka chifukwa matchalitchi ake ndi mchitidwe umenewu, kukopa amwendamnjira kuchokera konsekonse. Ambiri amati mzinda, amene "yodziwika ndi chala cha Mulungu" ndipo kwenikweni lodzala ndi mzimu wa Chikhristu, amabweretsa kudzimva mogwirizana ndi mtendere. Golden domes a mipingo Kiev ambiri kukopa maso, alendo zodabwitsa ndi wolodza ndi mitundu mapulani nyumba ambiri azipembedzo tsopano amasangalala zokongoletsa.

Mu mbiri ya mzinda malo apadera wotanganidwa wotere aang'ono otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse, monga Lavra Kiev-Pechersk, woyamba obisika Mkhristu Russia, ndi Saint Sophia Cathedral. The gulu loyimba kamangidwe ka woyamba angakaphe alendo ndi ulemerero, ndi wachiwiri mutha kuona frescoes wapadera chojambulidwa cha m'ma leveni. Onse Cathedral ankaona Heritage World ndi UNESCO. Kiev umatchedwanso "Yerusalemu wa dziko Russian." N'zovuta kupereka zakukhosi maganizo a Orthodox, anakumana ndi malo oyera mzinda wakale. Koma osati Kiev-Pechersk Lavra ndi St. Sophia Cathedral anatchuka chifukwa likulu la Ukraine, ndi kamodzi ndi Kievan Lazaro. Pali zina zambiri akachisi mofanana chidwi ndi mipingo kuti ndi kuona anthu onse amene amabwera kuno. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo Zverinetsky obisika mu Kiev.

Kayendedwe

Anthu amene asankha okha kufufuza kukopa ichi, akhoza kubwera naye msewu Michurina - ku chigawo 20 ndi 22. Pambuyo kudutsa chipata, muyenera kuwuka kwa chitseko chachitsulo. Pakhomo ansembe ndi Zverinetsky ayenera adzaitana kudikira wochititsa lapansi. Kodi ndifike kwa ilo ndi mwa Botanical Garden, m'mene anafika pa basi kapena mabasi 14 № № 62 pa mtengo wa 62K "Cave" siteshoni okwerera sitima. Tsikani mufunika kuleka "msewu Bolsunivskogo". Mukapita ndi okwerera sitima, muyenera kuchoka pa "ubwenzi wa Peoples" siteshoni. Kuyambira Zverinetsky agulupa ake mu Kiev pa adiresi: msewu Michurina 20-22, akhoza anafika pa phazi mu maminiti khumi ndi asanu basi.

Wocheza magulu wapaulendo kubwera basi: pafupi yolipirira kachisi ndi kutembenukira magalimoto ndi kutalika ndi mamita kuposa naini kwambiri zovuta. Choncho ndi bwino galimoto kwinakwake pa msewu ndi Strutinskii, pa msewu. Michurina, kuyenda kuphanga zovuta.

zambiri

Zverinetsky obisika mu Kiev ili m'chigawo eponymous mbiri likulu la Ukraine. Iye kutchulidwa mayina misewu ofukula zinthu zakale kwambiri m'dziko la pa dziko. Zverinetsky phanga obisika ali ndi mbiri zaka chikwi. Iwo anabisidwa mu mapanga ili m'mphepete lamanja la Dnieper Mtsinje. Kuli malo lodabwitsali ndi wapadera wa anthu aphunzira pafupifupi theka zaka zapitazo. Komabe, ndiyenera kunena kuti zinsinsi zimene amabisa wakale Zverinetsky obisika mu Kiev, sangathetse kutali.

Kutchulidwa kwa chakuti malowa ndi malo oyera, asayansi apeza m'mbiri ya Red bwalo, kunyumba kwa mwana wa Yaroslav Mudrogo Vsevolod. Dzina "The Menagerie," ngati mbiri yakale amakhulupirira, amagwirizana ndi woodland, kumene mkulu ndinali kusaka. , Imatchedwanso kuti mu zaka 1096-1097 a m'nthawi yathu ino chifukwa cha wongosamukasamuka ndi ena obisika anawonongedwa pano. Tikayang'ana opezeka maselo mobisa a mafupa a anthu, ndi a Chimonko ndi m'deralo pa matenda a Mongol-Chitata anali atabisala m'mapanga mobisa, kumene nthawi zambiri amapezeka pomenyana ndi kuchipilalacho moyo.

Obisika ndipo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anatumikira chitetezo. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi amene amafufuza zamakezana anapeza lolembedwa pa khoma, pachibwenzi 1941 chaka. Panopa, kudzera chitsitsimutso ya agulupa ya mapanga yemweyo dzina pano mozama obschezhitny obisika Zverinetsky wamwamuna. Idamangidwa mu 2009. Mmenemo ndi agulupa zisanu ndi ziwiri, Chimonko asanu ndi novices awiri.

nkhani

Mu 1888, limodzi la nyuzipepala Chiyukireniya uthenga zakuti akhumi wa October chaka chomwecho linatsegulidwa phanga ili pafupi Woyera Utatu ansembe yotchedwa pa zinyama. Izo zinachitika ndithu mwangozi. Mboni, malinga remembrancers, anauzidwa kuti panali kugamuka mwadzidzidzi, kenako amatsegula khomo kuphanga. Mlendo oyambirira kukhala chatsopanochi obisika Theodosius Matvienko. Mkazi achipembedzo ankakhala pafupi ndi malowa. Nthawi zambiri mu loto anabwera masomphenya: ikuyenda kumalekezero a utawaleza anapuma ndendende pamalo pamene kulephera kwa phanga unapangidwa.

Atadziwa za kutsegula, ndi Theodosius choyamba anapita kukakumana. Kulephera anaona mtembo ambiri anthu. Ena a iwo m'manda ku niches wapadera, ndipo ena ali obalalika onse pamodzi danga phanga, ndipo zosiyanasiyana maudindo - zikuoneka, monga anapeza imfa. Theodosius anafunsa ansembe a Woyera Utatu Mpingo, kuti iwo ankatumikira mwambo wa miyoyo ya anthu, icho mu pochivshimi chatsopanochi phanga. Atakamba nkhani yake, ndi mdalitso wa agulupa ya agulupa mkulu Archimandrite Iona anatsika naye kuyendera phanga.

Iwo, pamodzi ndi mafupa ambiri anthu, anapeza zidutswa za mikanjo mitanda, Paramali, malamba chikopa cassocks, ziwiya mpingo ndi ziwiya za kukhitchini. anapezazo zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti ayi wapezeka ndi apo maliro waumunthu, ndipo mmodzi wa amonke wakale phanga, amene kalekale wotchuka mzinda wa Kiev.

Kupezeka chodabwitsa

Ndi chithunzi wapadera wa mtanda anapezeka amatchedwa "Zverinetsky". Mu mawonekedwe, ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi chithunzi chojambula cha thupi, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa mwachizolowezi ife m'munsi mwa mizere iwiri anawoloka, izo nayenso awiri ... "miyendo".

Kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka 1912, Zverinetsky obisika sanathe kuwerenga. mfundo ndi yakuti pamene madera ake anali pa kutaya dipatimenti zida zankhondo, kotero ndalama maphunziro ake sanali allocated. Ife tinali kupeza woyang'anira amene amafuna ndalama kafukufuku. Ndipo mwamwayi, kuitsatira ili. Kunapezeka kuti Prince Vladimir Zhevakhov. Iye anagula malo kulephera + Iwo mzinda bungwe chilolezo kukumba m'mapanga.

Mu 1912, ntchito inayambika. Anatsogoleredwa ndi membala wa anthu kuteteza zipilala la Kiev Alexander Ertel. Zhevakhov yekha anaonerera ntchito ndi ndalama izo.

M'nyengo ya Soviet

Pasanapite nthawi, m'phanga anakhala malo Haji. A nambala yaikulu anthu akusonkhana pa khomo iwo pofuna kupeza obisika wakale Zverinetsky. Ndandanda ntchito anafunika amasinthasintha monga otaya amwendamnjira kupewedwa ofufuza ntchito. Anthu kuno pakutha pa phunzirolo, mpaka mmasate lapansi. amwendamnjira anasiya pano pokhapokha kugonjetsedwa ndi anayamba kuzunza mphamvu Soviet. Mu 1933 iye anaphedwa ndi abbot ya agulupa Archimandrite Filaret, ndipo mu 1934 chinatsekedwa ndipo Zverinetsky obisika, ndipo pambuyo nyumba yake litaphulitsidwa. Access kuphanga kuuweruza pokhapokha nineties Mu zaka zapitazo.

Chitsitsimutso cha obisika ndi

Mu 1993, pamene akatswiri anafufuza zotsalira zimapezeka m'mapanga, iwo anazindikira kuti yotsirizira a chakhumi kuti akhumi zaka. Komanso, anapezeka kuti akaikidwe onse anthu bwinobwino zowawa pa moyo wa matenda imakhudza thupi kuchokera motalika zinthu ozizira ndi lonyowa. Umenewu ndi umboni wosonyeza kuti Chimonko ndi kubisala. Mu 1997, nakhalanso agulupa za kubadwa kwa Yesu mwa Namwali, ndipo mu 2009 - pamaziko ake Angelo Michael Zverinetsky obisika unakhazikitsidwa. Popeza ndiye nthaŵi zonse unachitikira kulambira. Aliyense akupanga ulendo kuphanga ndipo, ndithudi, ayenera pitani Zverinetsky obisika. Ndandanda wa misonkhano mungazipeze pa kachisi, kapena kuyang'ana malo boma la kachisi.

apeza wapadera

Kamodzi chitakonzedwa ngalande mkati wina wa maselo anapeza wakale paini scapular wa Lady athu. Zikuoneka kuti chithunzi anali m'gulu Metropolitan, amene anabweretsa kuchokera Korsun kwa Prince Vladimir a Lazaro Ubatizo. Asayansi kudziwa kuti iye anali Suriya. Metropolitan Michael wa Kiev anabatizidwa, ndipo n'zotheka kuti iye ndiye anayambitsa Zverinetsky obisika mu Kiev. Photos kuti tapangidwa a mbiri yakale pa zofukulidwa amasonyeza kuti phanga obisika mavuto kapena Polovtsy kapena Chitata. Ambiri a zotsalira anapezeka pa khomo m'mapanga ndi tinjira. Zikuoneka kuti ankhondowo, otaika chiyembekezo, izi sitingazipeze nayidzaza.

Chitsitsimutso mpingo anayamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa nkhondo. Mapanga alandira udindo wa Museum of Archaeology. Mu nineties mochedwa ya atumwi wotsiriza, ansembe a agulupa ya St Yona anayambiranso kulambira unachitikira mu kachisi phanga, ndilo Zverinetsky obisika mu Kiev. Photos zozizwitsa chifaniziro cha dzina chomwecho unapezeka kuphanga linatengedwa m'mabuku a. nyuzipepala uyu wagwa m'manja mwa wansembe wa umodzi mwa midziyo inali pafupi Kiev. Ndi anadabwa kwambiri bambo ake anamva kuti chizindikirochi limene iye tsiku anafuula pemphero kwa Mulungu. Mu 2000, fano mozizwitsa unali kubwezedwa kwa Utatu Church St Yona obisika.

Zverinetsky ansembe yotchedwa ndandanda ya ntchito

Popeza nthawi makedzana, izo anaganiza kuti kumene Zverinetsky phanga ndi imodzi mwa mfundo chopatulika kwa Ukraine ndi Russia. Ndipo ngakhale kuti pa ntchito yomanga dziko Svyatomihaylovskogo kapena Vydubytsky kachisi wa abale kumanzere maselo awo mobisa, ndipo iye mobisa obisika anawonongedwa ndi Chitata Mongol ankhondowo ndipo aiwala ndi pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi atatu, lero iwo kupitiriza kukopa alendo amene anabwera kuno kuchokera konsekonse dziko lathu lalikulu. mbiri tawo ndi chinsinsi zosaneneka likuitanirabe chodabwitsa Zverinetsky obisika mu Kiev.

Ndandanda wa Services Divine kuchitidwa mukati mpanda wa agulupa, mukhoza kuona pa malo boma la kachisi. Lamlungu ku 7,15 ndi pa mlungu pa 6,30 ndine unachitikira kuno Pakati pa Usiku. Ndi Small Compline tikuyenera kubwera pa 17.00. Chiyamiko mapemphero unachitikira ku phanga kachisi Loweruka pa 7,00 m'mawa. Lamlungu, pa nthawi yomweyo kutumikira madzulo ndipo Akathist kwa Arhangelu Mihailu.

Zverinetsky (Angelo Michael) obisika lero ndi yaikulu. Pa m'gawo lake ntchito phanga mpingo, wopatulidwa ku dzina la Chozizwitsa Arhangela Mihaila, ndi kachisi chipata tchalitchi Mayi wa Mulungu. Services ikuchitikira ku malo pamwambapa nthaka ndi mobisa, zomwe zili mbali ya zovuta Zverinetsky obisika. Ndandanda wa misonkhano, komanso mndandanda maholide achipembedzo tsopano mungazipeze pa Webusaiti chake chauneneri.

tiakachisi

Ancient obisika Zverinetsky m'nthawi ndi chidwi osati kwa mbiri modabwitsa. Pali zinthu zakale zambiri wopatulika. Pakati zithunzi iwo akulemekezedwa, chifaniziro cha Amayi a Mulungu "Zverinetsky", "Joy wa Onse Amene Chisoni", "Mwachangu Mverani". Nawa zotsalira za abambo oyera Zverynets.

Information alendo

Zverinetsky caverns mobisa anapanga ndi atatu tambirimbiri-misewu: Guwa, maliro (mayina manda) ndi mphete (unexamined m'manda). Maselo, komanso gulu crypt zophimbidwa ndi matabwa chitetezo. Iwo kuteteza motsutsana kugumuka. Walls ndi loculi maliro msewu zaka zingapo zapitazo nakhalanso ndi njerwa ndi. Pa gawo ili la una wa mobisa anali kamodzi maziko a kachisi.

The utali wonse wa misewu ndi za zana ndi makumi asanu mamita. Ali bwino kwathunthu alendo. Kumanzere guwa la nsembe pa mapeto a msewu pali loculi manda, yolembedwa mu dzina la Theodore wolumala, lamanja ndi khungu Androniko cavers. Kachisi pamwamba pa guwa lansembe ndi osema miyala mndandanda wa eyiti abbots Zverynets: Leonty (woyambitsa wa agulupa ya), Marcian, Michael (pambuyo Bishop wa Tartu), Sophronia, Mines (pambuyo Bishop wa Polotsk), Clement, Manuel, ndi Lazaro.

Alendo angalumikizane ndi moyo tsiku la anthu akale a kachisi uyu phanga. Amonke anagona mu ozizira nkhope chopapatiza, ndi mapilo iwo anali dongo zisudzo. Anthu anali chakudya pa tebulo, umene uli yosalala pamwamba mapanga. Kumizidwa awo Chimonko anzake Zverinetsky wodzichepetsa: kuika munthu chabe m'dziko pakati pa magulu awiri, ndiye adatchithisira thupi choyamba ndipo kenako chachiwiri - wachitatu. Milu kale yellowed ndi nthawi zigawo fupa interspersed ndi miyala aona kuchokera kumbuyo mipiringidzo mu yopapatiza mumphangayo mobisa. Apa izo Tingaone ndi ziwiya ceramic imene Ndikamuone chigaza cha munthu. The kagawo kakang'ono sepulchral amene ali m'manda abbot Clement anapeza yaing'ono zitsulo mafano. Idali yokutidwa ndi enamel woyera, amene ayenera kuteteza zitsulo ku dzimbiri. chizindikirochi chimasonyeza chithunzi cha Virigo "Hodegetria". Zitatero, anthu ambiri azindikira kuti zozizwitsa ndi machiritso matenda. Pano mukhoza kuwona mphamvu ya Michael - Metropolitan, kumene monga momwe zanenedwa kuti anauziridwa ubatizo wa Prince Vladimir mu Kievan Lazaro.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Akuti Maecenas Zhevakhov, ndalama zomwe imachitika zofukulidwa, pambuyo zisinthe, izo anali kubisala m'mapanga Zverynets. Komabe, ndiye Iye anagwidwa ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri mu ndende Kiev. Potuluka m'ndende, Zhevakhov anakhala wansembe, ndipo mu 1926 - bishopu. Mu 1937, iye anagwidwa ndi NKVD. Patapita miyezi ingapo Zhevakhov kwa ankatsutsa boma anawomberedwa.

nthano zambiri zinayambitsa mozungulira mobisa obisika phanga. Kumene, okayikira zingaoneke kuti anapeza zozizwitsa za malo a mphamvu chabe wamba geophysical zochitika: kuti mphekesera angakhale udzatha, ndi utawaleza chifukwa cha refraction kuwala. Komabe, oyendayenda ndi romantics ambiri, alendo kuno basi kuti athe umalowa mu aura zodabwitsa kuti ndi kachisi uyu. Pali kulankhula kuti pali, m'zipinda za mapiri Menagerie, akhoza zobisika ndi laibulale, kunapezeka wokwatibwa ndi Prince Yaroslav Ngwanzeru zakuya.