Zimphona wa kusewera "m'munsi kuya" Gorky: khalidwe, zithunzi ndi tsogolo

Drama "m'munsi kuya" ndi chikhomo mankhwala mu mbiri kulenga ya Gorky. Kufotokozera za ngwazi za sewerolo "m'munsi kuya" Adzaperekedwa m'nkhani ino.

Ntchito imeneyi inalembedwa pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa dziko. Mu Russia mu 90 ntchentche za XIX atumwi, lalikulu mkangano mavuto azachuma. Misa losauka, adatayika wamba nthawi iliyonse kulephera kwa mbewu anasiya kufufuza ntchito m'midzi. Tatseka mafakitale. Alandidwa ndi opanda pokhala anali zikwi za anthu. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti zimene anaonekera ambiri "tramps" Amira pansi moyo.

Amene ankakhala m'misasa?

Akhama eni slum, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakuti anthu amapezeka mu mkhalidwe chiyembekezo, anapeza kuchotsa kuchokera kosungira fetid mtima. Achoka nawo kunyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona amene anakhala wosauka, lova akuba, kupemphapempha, ndi nthumwi zina za "pansi". Ntchito imeneyi inalembedwa mu 1902. Zimphona kusewera "m'munsi kuya" - awa ndi anthu.

Maksima Gorkogo pa lonse kulenga njira chidwi munthu, anthu, zinsinsi za lake lonse lamkati. Malingaliro ndi maganizo, ziyembekezo ndi maloto, kufooka ndi mphamvu - izi zonse zimaonekera mu mankhwala. Zimphona wa kusewera "m'munsi kuya" - anthu amene ankakhala ku chiyambi cha XX atumwi, pamene dziko akale amene anagwa, ndipo pali moyo watsopano. Komabe, iwo amasiyana ndi enawo chifukwa chakuti kukanidwa ndi anthu. Awa ndi anthu a "pansi", ndi kuwapatula. Wosaoneka ndi wowopsa malo amene zikukhala Vaska Pepel, Bubnov, wosewera, bafuta ndi ena. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe a Gorky, chapansi ichi, cavernous. Denga ake - mwala arches ndi anagwa pulasitala, linada. N'chifukwa chiyani "pansi" kunapezeka kuti moyo wa anthu a nyumba doss kuti anawatsogolera pano?

Zimphona wa kusewera "wotsika kuya": tebulo

Kodi imawonongeka miyoyo ya anthu awa?

Uchidakwa imawonongeka wosewera. Anavomereza kuti, pamaso iye anali kukumbukira. Tsopano wosewera akuganiza zonse zatha iye. Vaska Pepel - oimira "akuba 'Mafumu. ngwazi Izi sakanachitira mwina koma kupitiriza ntchito bambo ake. Iye ananena kuti ngakhale pamene anali wamng'ono, ngakhale ndiyeno iye anatchedwa wakuba. Anaumba furrier shopu Bubnov anasiya chifukwa cha chinyengo mkazi wake, komanso kuopa wokonda mkazi wake. Iye zinatha, ndipo kenako anapita kukatumikira mu "chikhalidwe chipinda," amene anachita kuba. Mmodzi wa kanjedza kwambiri zokongola mu mankhwala - ndi bafuta. Iye anali kale wanthambo woyendetsa ndipo anali mu ndende chifukwa cha kupha Sitefano munthu amene ananyoza mlongo wake.

Amene amachititsa anthu okhala doss nyumba?

Pafupifupi onse mawonekedwe a sewerolo "m'munsi kuya" ndi kuimba mlandu mu ziriri pano, osati yekha, koma mavuto. Mwina ngati iwo anali osiyana, icho sichikanakhoza kusintha chilichonse kwambiri ndipo komabe osowa kuti zowawa tsoka chomwechi. mawu amene ananena Bubnov zikutsimikizira izi. Iye anavomereza kuti iye propyl pagululo.

Zikuoneka kuti chifukwa cha kugwa kwa anthu onsewa ndi kusowa awo pakati makhalidwe amene amapanga adzadziwire munthu. Kungachititse kuti wosewera chitsanzo: "N'chifukwa Chikhulupiriro anafa ine analibe ...?"

Panali mwayi moyo wosiyana?

Kujambula zithunzi za ngwazi za sewerolo "Pa pansi", wolemba wapatsa aliyense wa iwo mwayi moyo wosiyana. Kuti kusankha iwo anali. Komabe, chiyeso chilichonse loyamba linatha ndi kugwa kwa moyo. Baron Mwachitsanzo, sanathe kusintha malonda awo ndi kuba ndalama za boma, ndi kusunga bizinezi, kupezeka kwa iye.

Bafuta kulanga watilakwira zikanakhala njira ina. Koma Vaska Phulusa, ndithu padziko lapansi padzakhala malo ochepa yekha ndi zakale, palibe amene angadziwe chilichonse? Yemweyo tinganene kuti ambiri a anthu okhala doss nyumba. Tsogolo alibe, koma m'mbuyomu nawo mwayi pano palibe. Komabe, ngwazi ya sewero "m'munsi kuya" si akukuponderezani iwo.

The kutonthoza okha ndi zilembo?

Iwo tsopano kokha moyo ziyembekezo zosakwaniritsidwa ndi chabe. Baron, Bubnov ndi wosewera moyo ndimakumbukira zakale. Maloto a chikondi chenicheni pachinyezi hule Nastia. Pankhaniyi, mawonekedwe khalidwe la sewero "m'munsi kuya" ndi lowonjezera chifukwa chakuti anthu awa kukanidwa ndi anthu, manyazi, ndi kutsutsana andiuze mavuto makhalidwe komanso mwauzimu. Ngakhale kuti zomveka kulankhula za mkate wawo, pamene iwo ali moyo ku dzanja pakamwa. The wolemba mapangidwe a ngwazi za sewerolo "m'munsi kuya" limanena kuti iwo kutenga nkhani monga ufulu, choonadi, ndi azimai ntchito, chikondi, chimwemwe, malamulo talente, kuona mtima, kunyada, chifundo, chikumbumtima, chifundo, kuleza mtima, imfa, mtendere ndi zina zambiri. Iwo amanditenga iwo ndi ofunika kwambiri nkhani ngakhale. Iwo amanena kuti munthu wotereyu, chifukwa iye anabadwa, kodi tanthauzo lenileni la moyo. Anzeruwo zipinda nyumba angatchedwe Luka, bafuta, Bubnov.

Pakuti Bubnov yekha, zilembo zonse ntchito "doss" moyo kukana. Iwo akuyembekeza kukhota wabwino wa mwayi, amene ndi 'pansi "adzapanga pamwamba. Nkhupakupa Mwachitsanzo, limanena kuti iye akugwira ntchito pa m'badwo woyambirira (ndi ngwazi -slesar), choncho kuno ndithu. "Tsopano, dikirani miniti ... akufa mkazi ..." iye akutero. Wosewera, amamwa mowa aakulu, chiyembekeza kupeza chipatala mwanaalirenji, amene mozizwitsa anabwerera kwa iye thanzi, mphamvu, maluso, pamtima, ndi chimwemwe. Anna, kukhala wosasangalala wodwalayo, maloto a chisangalalo ndi mtendere anapita kumoyo, imene adzalipidwa, potsiriza, chifukwa ufa ndi kuleza mtima. Vaska Pepel, izi ngwazi wosimidwa amapha Kostyleva, zipinda mwini nyumba, monga amaona yotsirizira chimake cha zoipa. loto lake - kupita ku Siberia, pamene iye adzayamba ndi bwenzi langa moyo watsopano.

Luka udindo ntchito

Iwo amathandiza Musanyengedwe awa Luka woyendayenda. Iye ndi luso wotonthoza ndi mlaliki. Limakhulupirira Gorky khalidwe akufotokozedwa ngati dokotala amene amaona anthu onse akudwala mwakayakaya ndi kuyitanidwa kwawo amaona kuti achepetse ululu ndipo tibiseni izo kwa iwo. Komabe, aliyense sitepe ya moyo refutes udindo wa ngwazi wa. Anna, limene walonjeza mu chilango kumwamba Mulungu, zonse mwadzidzidzi akufuna "moyo pang'ono ...". Kukhulupirira yoyamba kumasuka ku uchidakwa, wosewera amabweretsa ku mapeto a kusewera moyo wawo. Vaska Pepel amasankha mtengo weniweni wa chitonthozo onsewa Luke. Iye ananena kuti "nthano akuti" zabwino, chifukwa wamng'ono wa dziko zabwino.

maganizo Satina

Mowona chifundo kwa anthu a nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona wodzala Luka, koma simungathe kusintha chirichonse, kuthandiza anthu kukhala moyo wosiyana. Mu monologue wake Satine akana mkhalidwe umenewu, chifukwa amaona kuti wonyozeka, kuonetsanso kupereŵera ndi masautso a anthu amene chisoni. The zilembo zazikulu za sewerolo "m'munsi kuya" bafuta ndi Luka kufotokoza adani. Satine limanena kuti m'pofunika kulemekeza anthu ndi manyazi iye chifundo. mawu awa mwina anasonyeza udindo wa wolemba: "Munthu ... .. Zimenezo zikumveka zabwino"

Tsoka zina la ngwazi za

Kodi mtsogolo ndi anthu awa onse, kaya akhoza kupanga kusiyana amasewera masewera "m'munsi kuya" Gorky? N'zosavuta kulingalira zotsatira zawo. Mwachitsanzo, bango. Iye akuyesera kuti pa chiyambi cha ntchito ku "pansi". Iye amaganiza kuti pamene mkazi wake wamwalira, zonse kusintha zamatsenga bwino. Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi mudzichonga amakhalabe zipangizo ndi ndalama ndi mwamdima anaimba pamodzi ndi ena: ". Sindikufuna kuthawa" Ndipotu, iye sanali kuthawa ngati anthu ena a nyumba Yoona za Malo Ogona.

chipulumutso ndi chiyani?

Kodi pali njira iliyonse chipulumutso ku "pansi", ndipo kodi iwo? linanena bungwe Resolute angasonyeze zimenezi zitakuchitikirani mu kulankhula Satina, pamene iye amalankhula zoona. Iye akukhulupirira kuti poika munthu wamphamvu - pofuna kuthetseratu kuipa, ndi kuti atonthoze wosautsidwa, ngati Luke. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa kukhudzidwa kwambiri olimba a Maksima Gorkogo. "Kuchokera pansi" akhoza adzauka anthu kungophunzira kulemekeza okha, kupeza kudzidalira. Ndiye iwo adzatha kuvala mutu wonyada wa Munthu. Izo ziyenera Adawachita pa Gorky maganizo.

Otsimikiza chikhulupiriro chawo mu mphamvu za kulenga, luso ndi malingaliro munthu kwaulere, limakhulupirira Gorky ananena maganizo a umunthu. Mlembi anazindikira kuti milomo ya bafuta, kuledzera Kunkapezekanso, mawu za munthu ufulu ndiponso onyada adawomba yokumba. Komabe, iwo ali mu sewerolo ayenera adawomba, kufotokoza zolinga za wolembayo. Mawu amenewa panalibe kunena, ena kuposa bafuta.

Zowawa ntchito adatsutsa mfundo za chabe. Mfundo imeneyi ya kudzichepetsa, kukhululuka, si kukana. Ananena momveka, chimene amakhulupirira m'tsogolo. Titha ndi tsogolo la ngwazi za sewerolo "m'munsi kuya". Kukhulupirira munthu chinamulowerera ntchito lonse.