"Ankhandwe Doenitz 'sitima zankhondo ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler

Mtengo wa kunjira nyanja ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World sitingalephere kukambapo. Popeza 1939, funso kundipatsako kwa asilikali, yobereka thandizo asilikali, chakudya, mafuta, mankhwala ndi zinthu zina njira chimakhudza luso UK kuti akane alimbane wa Nazi ku Germany.

Popeza 1941, kongoletsani-pangano kwa Soviet Union pa nkhondo kukwiya Hitler, ndipo iye anachita zonse kuteteza convoys kumpoto njira zawo Murmansk ndi Arkhangelsk. Udindo wofunika kwambiri nkhondo ankaimba Luftwaffe ndege ndi sitima zankhondo za ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Ntchito ya sitima zankhondo mu zisudzo panyanja ntchito asilikali Akuti mu zaka za First World nkhondo. Ngakhale kupanda ungwiro kwa m'munsi luso, waukulu luso njira kuti akhala maziko a zitsanzo amakono anayamba panthawi. Akadzagonjetsedwa Germany wataya lamanja kwa zosangalatsa za bulu zonse kunachitika, ndipo pambuyo pa zaka za stagnation zachuma sanali kwa izo.

Komabe, panali anthu kulota za rematch a. Erich Raeder, ndi ngwazi za nkhondo nyanja, ndi asilikali, amene anakhala nduna pambuyo yosiya maganizo a kuloŵedwa m'malo ake Adolf Zenker, mu chinsinsi anayamba pulogalamu ya chitsitsimutso cha Kriegsmarine.

Sitima zankhondo za ulamuliro wa Hitler mwalamulo machimo ntchito nkhondowo pambuyo 1935. Pangano la Versailles ndi acquiescence wa mphamvu European chinali chosavomerezeka, ndipo malo ake anali kale zotheka kunyalanyaza. M'chaka cha chaka chomwecho, mu London, Germany ndi United Ufumu anasaina mgwilizano yothetsera malire tonnage kwa German apanyanja.

Chinanso mu 1935, amene si akukonda akatswiri nthawi asilikali kuti: sitima zankhondo za ulamuliro wa Hitler anadza kwa kasamalidwe asilikali Doenitz. Izi luso panyanja mkulu, kulemekezedwa ndi wokondedwa ndi amalinyero German, komabe kulenga mavuto ambiri.

Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ya sitima zankhondo onse a Ulamuliro wa Nazi anali magulu atatu: lalikulu (cha kusamuka kwa 600-1000 m), sing'anga (740 m) ndi yoyenda (250 m). Iwo anali ochepa, monga mbali ya Kriegsmarine anali mayunitsi 46 okha. Doenitz sanali mphwayi, iye anadziwa za mwayi wa sitima German ndipo anadziwa kuti akuchita luso Ndi bwino osati angapo.

Ngakhale ndiye, 22 sitima zankhondo anatembenuka kuchita anawazunza zina. Utsogoleri German anamvetsa zikukhalira nkhondo ndi US, ndipo ndi wokonzeka kudula kunjira nyanja ya Atlantic. Kenako sitima zankhondo 3 Ulamuliro wa Nazi anachita opareshoni kufika pafupi Coast East.

Mphamvu ya sitima zankhondo mu nthawi yoyamba ya nkhondo chifukwa cha ntchito kupezerapo latsopano, yemwe sankadziwika ndipo anatulukira Karlom Denitsem. Dzina sitima zapamadzi wake mogwirizana "nkhandwe mapaketi" ndi zochita zawo ali woyenera kwambiri mu chifanizo kuti.

A anatseka misewu panyanja ya British Isles walenga kuopseza mwachindunji kuti kuli kwambiri za mzinda wa, osanenapo ubwenzi wake ndi amene ankawalamulira. M'chaka cha 1940 tsiku lililonse, tinapita pansi pa chotengera 2-3 miyezi isanu Doenitz sitima zapamadzi Amira 343 wamalonda mayunitsi m'madzi. Winston Churchill pambuyo nkhondo pafupifupi zinthu monga wofunika kwambiri kuposa chifukwa cha mpweya "Nkhondo ya Britain".

Pofuna kuopseza wochokera kuya nyanja, anathandiza latsopano lamayimbidwe ndi sonar zida American opangidwa, pakubwera navies wa Britain ndi USSR. Sitima zankhondo za ulamuliro wa Hitler anayamba agonje kwambiri, ndipo bearded "Doenitz ankhandwe" anakhala chinachake kwa akadziphulitse powononga Japanese.

Pakati pa 1939 ndi 1162 a German sitima zapamadzi doko la zombo zapanyanja opangidwa ndi chitsanzo chabwino chiwerengero cha anthu oyendetsa 40 chikwi. Munthu chaka cha 1945-TH. Zoposa 30 sauzande. German submariners anatenga imfa choyipa awo "mabokosi chitsulo". Pa nyanja anali 790 sitima zankhondo, asilikali Doenitz anamwalira mu nkhondo oopsa ana awiri ndi mphwake.