Mstislav molimba mtima: yonena mwachidule, achilendo ndi zoweta ndondomeko ya ulamuliro

Chimodzi mwa maganizo ndi enigmatic kanjedza likamalowa nthawi ya Old boma Russian anali Prince Mstislav molimba mtima. Zinali zosiyana mtima kuposa kale lonse, kumenyana adani a Russia, koma nthawi zambiri ntchito luso lake ndi internecine feuds. The mbadwo watsopano wa anthu adzakhala chidwi kwambiri kuti ayanjane ndi mbiri zimene munthu umunthu yabwino Mstislav molimba mtima. Mwachidule yonena za kalonga, ndipo nkhani kafukufuku wathu.

Chiyambi cha dzina la

Dzina lakuti choyambirira cha Prince Mstislav anali Udatny, amene anawamasulira ku Old Chirasha amatanthauza "mwayi." Koma chifukwa kutanthauzira pachithunzichi a ambiri amavomereza anali kumasulira "kuchotsa". Zinali pansi moniker izi Prince ali pa tsamba kwambiri mabuku mbiri.

Sitidzagona ndipo tiyenera kusintha mwambo ambiri amavomereza.

kubadwa

Anabadwa Mstislav kufika akhala chinsinsi mbiri yakale. Palibe chikaiko basi chimene iye anabadwa mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XII ndi dzina lake mu ubatizo Fedor. Iye anali mwana wa Prince Mstislav a Novgorod Rostislavovich Olimba Mtima wa Smolensk nthambi ya Monomakh. Magwero a mayi wa Mstislav swashbuckling maganizo. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, iye anali mwana wamkazi Yaroslava Osmomysla, ulamuliro wina wotchedwa Galicia, pa zina - ndi Ryazan Prince Gleb Rostislavovich.

Osokoneza ndiponso Mstislav kufika malo pakati pa ana a Mstislav Rostislavovich. Akatswiri ena amaganiza mwana wake wamkulu, ndi zina - wamng'ono, ndi obadwa pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake. Zikatero, chaka cha kubadwa kwake kungakhale 1180 TH.

maumboni oyambirira

Kutchula koyamba za Mstislav kuchotsedwa mu mbiri ya omwe analembedwa 1193. Ndi pamene Iye ali kalonga Tripolskaya, anatenga gawo mu ntchito yochotsa Polovtsy, pamodzi ndi msuweni wake Rostislavom Ryurikovichem.

Mu 1196 bambo wa Rostislav, Kiev Prince Rurik Rostislavovich amatumiza Mstislav kufika kupulumutsidwa Vladimiru Yaroslavovichu Galitskomu anatsutsa Roma Mstislavovich Volyn. Mu 1203, kale Prince Torchesk wamng'ono Mstislav molimba mtima kachiwiri akupanga ntchito yochotsa Polovtsy. Koma mu 1207 anali kugonja pa woimira asilikali Torchesk mzere Olegoviches Vsevoloda Svyatoslavovicha Chermnogo pamene kampeni bwino kuti Kiev, amene pa nthawi umayang'anira Rurik Rostislavovich.

Kenako, Wolimba Mtima Mstislav Mstislavovich anathawira ku Smolensk ukulu, komwe adalandira kwa banja lake fiefdom mu Toropets. Kuyambira pamenepo, anali kudziŵika kuti Prince Toropetskiy.

Novgorod ukulu

Kukhala Toropetskiy kalonga, mu 1209, Mstislav molimba mtima anaitanidwa Novgorod Komiti kulamulira m'madera awo. Prince a Novgorod anali kamodzi bambo ake. Amene analamulira mpaka Novgorod Prince Svyatoslav, mwana wa Vladimir Wamkulu Prince Vsevolod ya Big Nest, anachotsedwa mwa Novgorod. Iye m'malo mwa Mstislav molimba mtima. Mu ulamuliro wa kalonga uyu mu Novgorod linati atasemphana makamaka ndi Vladimir-Suzdal ukulu.

Mu 1212 Mstislav anachita anatsogolera asilikali Novgorod kampeni bwino motsutsa fuko lachikunja Chud.

March kuti Chernigov

Pakali pano, pambuyo pa imfa ya Rurik Rostislavovich amene anali mu Chernigov ukulu, ndipo wakhala nthawi yaitali mdani wa Mstislav swashbuckling Vsevolod Big Nest ndi mphamvu yatsopano anathyola wosamwerana madzi pakati pa ufulu wa Kiev Vsevolod Yofiira ndi nthambi Smolensk wa Monomakh, imene mlandu wa kupha awiri Achibale ake.

Pozindikira kuti sangathe kulimbana ndi kalonga Kiev Mstislav Romanovich wa Smolensk anapempha thandizo kuchokera kwa m'bale wake - Mstislav kuchotsedwa. Nthawi yomweyo anayankha.

Ophatikizana asilikali a Novgorod ndi Smolensk wayamba kuwononga wa Chernihiv m'dzikolo moyenerera wotchuka a Vsevolod Yofiira. Izi kukakamiza omalizira kuchoka Kiev ndi kutenga ulamuliro mu Chernigov. Choncho, likulu la Russia analandidwa popanda kumenyana Mstislav Chotsani, amene anayika ulamuliro zosakhalitsa Ingvar Yaroslavovych Lutsk. Koma pambuyo pokhazikitsa mtendere ndi Vsevolod Red Grand Prince wa Kiev Mstislav Romanovich wa Smolensk inasanduka, kenako dzina Old.

Kutenga nkhondo yapachiweniweni

Pakali pano, pambuyo pa imfa ya Vsevolod ya Big Nest mu North-East Russia kusweka yaikulu yapachiweniweni nkhondo (pakati olamula) kwa munda wa Vladimir-Suzdal ukulu. Mstislav molimba mtima anathandiza zimakuvutani mwana wamkulu wa Vsevoloda Rostovskogo Prince Constantine. Pa nthawi yomweyo monga yofunika anatsala Vsevolod Wamkulu Nest, ukulu ndi akatengela ndi mwana wake Yuri, amene anali amapereka mwa m'bale Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, pamene akudzinenera ukulu Novgorod.

Mu 1215, pamene Mstislav molimba mtima pamodzi ndi ankhondo ake anasamukira kum'mwera, Novgorod - pa pempho wa m'deralo okha - anatenga Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Koma posachedwapa iye anali kutsutsana ndi Novgorod. Jaroslav anatenga mzinda waukulu kum'mwera kwa dziko Novgorod - Torzhok. Novgorod adamuyitananso Mstislav.

Nkhondo pakati pa asilikali a Mstislav ndi kufika, amene anali amapereka mwa asilikali Smolensk, Mstislav akale mwana ndi gulu ndi Konstantin Rostovsky, ndi gulu la Vladimir-Suzdal Prince Yury ndi Yaroslav chinachitika mu 1216 pa Lipica mtsinje. Zinali nkhondo yaikulu ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni nyengo. Novgorod ndi Smolensk asilikali anapambana chigonjetso chathunthu. Pa ndege Yaroslav Vsevolodovich anataya ngakhale chisoti.

Chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi chiyanjo cha Konstantin Vsevolodovich pa Vladimir ukulu ndi osakhalitsa chokana Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ku Novgorod. Komabe, kale mu 1217 anakana Mstislav molimba mtima wa Novgorod mokomera Sviatoslav - mwana akale Mstislav.

Kulamulira Galich

Chokana a Novgorod anali wolumikizana ndi chakuti Mstislav molimba mtima atapereka golideyo kwa Galich. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina kuyesa kulanda mphamvu, anayamba ngakhale kale, koma sizinathandize. Mu 1218 iye potsiriza, mothandizidwa ndi Smolensk akalonga anachotsedwa Galich Hungarians.

Kuyambira pamenepo anakhala Chigalashiya kalonga Mstislav molimba mtima. malamulo ena ndi zoweta ntchito yake yosiyanasiyana wapadera. Anapangana pangano la mgwirizano ndi Daniilom Romanovichem Volynskim, nkhondo Hungarians ndi Zitsulo. Galich wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja wina ndi mzake mwa njira za nkhondo izi. Koma mu 1221 Mstislav akadali anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa yokha konko.

Nkhondo ya Kalka

1223 anali panasinthira zinthu za tsogolo la dziko lonse la Russia. Kum'mwera steppes Russian nkhondo magulu a Mongol-Chitata, kutsogozedwa ndi akazembe okhulupirika a Genghis Khan Jebe ndi Sabutai. Against ngozi ofala kwambiri kwa maukulu a kum'mwera Russia anagwirizana ndi Polovtsian Khan asilikali Katia (bambo udzayesedwa Mstislav kuchotsedwa), anatenga mbali mu chilengedwe cha mgwirizano ndi.

Ngakhale mutu mwamwambo chabe Mgwirizano ndi wamkulu Kiev kalonga Mstislav Old, koma kwenikweni ambiri a akalonga simunamvere mawu ake. Kusagwirizana, ndipo chifukwa chachikulu kugonjetsedwa, amene anavutika Chirasha Polovtsian asilikali Nkhondo ya Kalka. Ambiri anaphedwa mu nkhondo ya akalonga Russian ndi asilikali wamba, anali pakati pawo Mstislav Kievsky. Anatha kupulumuka ochepa. Koma pakati pa anthu amene anali mwayi zokwanira kuthawa, iye anatembenuka ndi Mstislav molimba mtima.

Komanso tsoka ndi imfa

Pambuyo nkhondo pa Kalka Mstislav anabwerera Galich. Pali anapitiriza kumenyana ndi Hungarians, ndi Poland, ndi inanyamuka kale Daniilom Volynskim, amene anadzakhala mfumu ya Russia. Ngakhale zotsatira ndi bwino nkhondo izi, mu 1226 Mstislav anasiya kulamulira wina wotchedwa Galicia ndipo anasamukira ku mzinda Torchesk ili kum'mwera kwa dziko Kiev komwe malamulo kale unyamata wake.

Asanamwalire anakhala wansembe. Iye anafa mu 1228 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Kiev.

umunthu khalidwe

Akatswiri kuitana m'mayiko ambiri ndi m'mizinda komwe malamulo a Mstislav molimba mtima. Iwo Tripoli Torchesk, Toropets, Novgorod, Galich, koma paliponse zilibe kukhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti mapiko si kwambiri mu zokhota akalonga ena, koma khalidwe lake njala kusintha. M'nthawi kudziŵika kuti mtima wa Mstislav swashbuckling anali nkhanza koma nthawi yomweyo munthu n'zodabwitsa chiweruzo.

Inde, Prince zatenganso mbali yofunika kwambiri mbiri ya dziko lathu zoyambirira za m'ma XIII.