Njira kudziwa ongolankhula

Anthu amadziwa dziko zosiyanasiyana - mu mawonekedwe a tsiku ndi tsiku nzeru, chidziwitso cha chipembedzo, zojambulajambula, ndi sayansi. Woyamba mumaonekedwe atatu amaonedwa monga sanali sayansi, ndipo ngakhale sayansi anachokera wa tsiku ndi tsiku, anthu wamba, ndi zimasiyana uliwonse sanali sayansi. sayansi ali ndi dongosolo limene m'njira ziwiri amadziŵika: wazotsatira ndi ongolankhula. Pa XVII-XVIII zaka sayansi zinali makamaka pa siteji wazotsatira, nayamba kulankhula za chiphunzitso chokha cha m'ma XIX. Njira kudziwa ongolankhula, kutanthauza mmene kuphunzira mabuku a chenicheni mu malamulo ndi ofunika ndi kugwirizana, pang'onopang'ono anamanga pa wazotsatira. Koma ngakhale ngakhale, wazotsatira ndi ongolankhula maphunziro anali zimachitika pafupi, kutanthauza dongosolo lathunthu la sayansi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ngakhale njira sayansi ongolankhula chidziwitso, kuti anali mofanana wazotsatira njira yodziwika cognition. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ena mwa njira ntchito chidziwitso wazotsatira ndi gawo ongolankhula.

Njira zofunika sayansi mlingo ongolankhula a chidziwitso

Abstraction - njira imene amachepetsa zosangalatsa katundu aliyense wa chinthu nthawi chidziwitso kuti zambiri mozama wina wa m'mbali mwake. Abstracting zotsatira ayenera kukhala mfundo umboni kuti zimaonetsa zinthu kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana.

Kufanizira - mapeto maganizo za kufanana kwa zinthu, zomwe yafotokozedwera chiŵerengero ena, zochokera kufanana awo ena zinanso.

Mawerengeredwe - njira zomwe zachokera pa mfundo za kufanana. Kwenikweni ake ndi kufufuza si poyera kuti chinthu palokha ndipo analogue ake (substituent lachitsanzo), ndiye deta analandira anasamutsa malinga ndi malamulo cholinga yokha.

Idealization - yomanga maganizo (kumanga) pa zinthu ziphunzitso, malingaliro sikuti kulibe kwenikweni ndipo sangathe zili mmenemo, koma anthu amene kwenikweni pali analogue pafupi kapena zinachitika.

Analysis - Njira ya kugawa lonse m'magulu kuti adziwe mbali payokha.

Kaphatikizidwe - Kayendesedwe osiyanitsidwa kusanthula operekedwa kulumikiza zinthu payekha mwa dongosolo limodzi ndi cholinga kudziŵa.

Kupatsidwa ulemu - njira imene linanena bungwe yomaliza zopangidwa kudziwa wabweza akanayesetsa wamng'ono wa generality. Mwachidule, kupatsidwa ulemu - gulu kuchokera makamaka kwa ambiri.

Deduction - zosiyana ndi njira kupatsidwa ulemu lomwe lili lathu ongolankhula.

Formalization - njira komwe kudziwa zili mu mawonekedwe a zizindikiro. Maziko a formalization ndi kusiyana yokumba ndi masoka zinenero.

njira zonsezi kudziwa ongolankhula amakhala osiyana, kungakhale chibadidwe ndi wazotsatira chidziwitso. njira zakale ndi zomveka kwa kudziwa ongolankhula - yotero. The njira mbiri kubalana mwatsatanetsatane mbiri ya chinthu. Makamaka izo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sayansi zakale zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri chochitika yeniyeni. Kukamba njira komanso imabereka nkhaniyo, koma kwenikweni, waukulu ndiponso zofunika, osati powasamalira zochitika ndi mfundo, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu mwangozi.

Izi si njira zonse za kudziwa ongolankhula. Kunena zoona, sayansi njira zonse Zitha kuoneka pa nthawi yomweyo kukhala mogwirizana ndi mzake. The ntchito yeniyeni njira munthu anatsimikiza ndi mlingo wa sayansi, komanso mbali ya chinthu, ndondomeko.