Chiphunzitso cha lamulo la zolengedwa

Chiphunzitso cha lamulo la zolengedwa kunayamba akale. Zokhudzana ndi vutoli lingaliro kale ku Greece (a Sophists, Aristotle, Democritus, Socrates), China (moizm) ndi Rome (maloya Roma, Cicero).

Oimira chiphunzitso ndikukhulupirira kuti munthu chibadwire a kwachikhalire ufulu (ndi moyo, kukhulupirika, ukwati, ufulu, chuma, ntchito, kufanana, etc.). Ufulu wa chibadwidwewu ndi kwachikhalire, sangathe kukana iwo, kupatula mu milandu chilango chifukwa cha milandu. Iwo anabwera kuchokera ku chilengedwe cha munthu monga munthu wauzimu ndi ufulu.

lamulo Natural ophatikizapo chilungamo wapamwamba, chotero malamulo boma sayenera zikutsutsana iye. Gululi mfundo imeneyi limatchula chinthu monga lamulo zabwino, zomwe zili m'gulu la malamulo anatengedwa ndi boma.

Oimira kwambiri za chiphunzitso - Rousseau, Radishchev, Montesquieu, Locke, Hobbes, Holbach, ndi ena.

Chiphunzitso cha lamulo la zolengedwa kumaonekera ndondomeko ya maiko osiyanasiyana a dziko, kuphatikizapo mu Russia. Mwachitsanzo, mu Article 17 limati kuti ufulu ndi kwachikhalire ndi a aliyense chibadwire awo kukhazikitsa ayenera zinthu zophwanya ufulu wa ena.

Panopa palibe chitsutso pakati pa malamulo abwino ndi zachilengedwe, chifukwa poyamba umalimbana ndi kutetezedwa kwa ufulu wofunikila wa anthu, malamulo a boma ubale wogwila anthu a.

Chiphunzitso cha lamulo zachilengedwe ndi mgwirizano chikhalidwe kwambiri alipo wina ndi mnzake. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso contractual, anthu zikamera wa boma anali mfulu, ali ndi ufulu wopanda malire. Malinga ndi lonena "Pa nzika" Hobbes, anthu anali mu mkhalidwe "nkhondo ya onse ndi onse," monga iwo ali ndi chikhalidwe chawo amakonda masautso pa ena. The yaitali mu mkhalidwe chikhalidwe kunali kosatheka, chifukwa zinachititsa kuti awonongedwe mangawawo. Choncho, kudziteteza, iwo anapatsa ufulu kwa boma, kulowa mgwirizano chikhalidwe. State mphamvu chibadidwe ulamuliro siligwira ntchito ndi lamulo zabwino ankagwiritsa ntchito kuonetsetsa chachilungamo.

Kuwonjezera pa ufulu kwachikhalire kwa munthuyo lamulo la chirengedwe mulinso za umoyo ndi zachuma (mwachitsanzo, ufulu wa kusonkhana mu mabungwe a boma ndi ndale, lamanja madera chikhalidwe).

Pali 3 mfundo za magwero a lamulo la chirengedwe. Malinga ndi mmodzi wa iwo, zikuoneka motsogoleredwa ndi Mulungu. Lingaliro lachiwiri la malamulo achilengedwe amaona chizolowezi ndi chibadwa cha zolengedwa zamoyo. Wachitatu amasankha kukhala gwero la maganizo a anthu.

lamulo lachibadwa mfundo zotsatirazi:

• Iye ali ndi ufulu thupi zitetezeke;
• pakuti ichi amadalira mphamvu yanu wamba, chomwe ndi zotheka pokhalabe ulemerero ndi ulemu;
• monga chinthu wanzeru, iye akugwira ntchito ndipo ali ndi ufulu chifukwa cha ntchito iyi;
• chifukwa chakuti anthu omwe ali ofanana palibe mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi ufulu kenanso;
• Anthu amati ufulu, adzakhala kuzindikira ndi ena;
• kuteteza ufulu wa kufunika lamulo la boma.

Chiphunzitso cha lamulo la zolengedwa n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa wokanayo kulekanitsa kwa anthu mu makalasi, lochitira chikhalidwe. Anthu ali ndi ufulu wofanana angatetezedwe ndi lamulo. kumenya pa Iwo ayenera kuimbidwa mlandu ndi lamulo zigawenga komanso akuluakulu a boma.

Chiphunzitso cha malamulo achilengedwe, koma kuphatikiza malamulo a dziko lino, m'mawu zochita monga Declaration za ufulu wa United States 1776, a Bill za Ufulu 1791, Chikalata cha ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika ya France, 1789, komanso zina zambiri zikalata zaboma.