Arctic chipululu

Far North Asia ndi North America zatenga kozizira chipululu - danga zopanda moyo ndi zomera ochepa kwambiri ili chisanu ndi ayezi. mitunda Awa ndi khalidwe la ambiri a m'gawo la Greenland ku Canada Arctic Archipelago ndi zilumba zina za beseni kozizira ndi zilumba ili ku gombe la Antarctica.

Nyengo ya zone zachilengedwezi ozizira kozizira. Nyengo yaitali ndi aakulu (pafupifupi kutentha - -10 kwa -35 ° C) ndi yotenthera yochepa ndi kuzizira (0 ... + 5 ° C). Zima kumalo ozizira usiku ulamuliro, zomwe, malingana ndi kumpoto ndi, chochokera masiku 98 miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mu June, nthawi yomweyo ndi isanayambike tsiku kumalo ozizira, kozizira chipululu pang'onopang'ono moyo - kasupe akubwera. Ngakhale kuti dzuwa usana ndi usiku, dothi m'firiji pamtunda masentimita chabe. Pa yochepa imene kutentha ndi zabwino, kupita chisanu okha chakudya chochepa ndi dothi m'madambo ndi miyala.

M'chaka thambo kawirikawiri bwino; nthawi zambiri ndimitambo kupereka mvula yaitali (mvula, matalala zambiri). Nthawi imeneyi, nthaka zambiri uzikuta wandiweyani chifunga kwaiye evaporation wa madzi kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja. Pafupifupi onse mumlengalenga chinyezi amakhalabe padziko, osati asanduke nthunzi chifukwa cha malo otsika a dzuwa ndi kutentha otsika, ndipo palibe akulowa pansi mazira.

Pakuti zone zachilengedwezi amakhala ndi ndere crustose, lichens ndi udzu ndinazolowera moyo kumpoto. Madera ndi zomera - ndi mtundu wa madzi pakati pa ayezi kumalo ozizira ndi chisanu, sizinali kozizira chipululu. Pano mukhoza kukumana nthumwi za maluwa zomera: saxifrage, foxtail ndi ena dzinthu zina, buttercup akumpotowa poppy, cranberries, sedges. No zitsamba ndi lichens, ndere ndi mitundu herbaceous musati kupanga chivundikiro mosalekeza. Chomera kutalika kawirikawiri kuposa 10 cm, chifukwa ozizira mpweya ndi usavutike m'dziko Arctic ndi pansi ndi ofunda. Kuthaŵa zomera mphepo mwamtundu ndi miyala ndipo anakakhala ku matendawa, mu Galileya wa ovuta ndi okwera ena mtunda, pa malo otsetsereka kukhudzana kum'mwera.

zomera lapadziko a m'dera lino zachilengedwe ndi osauka kwambiri. Ndi kunyumba kwa nkhandwe, lemmings, ndi zimbalangondo. M'chaka pali "rookeries": kubwera ndi kukaikira mazira eider, Guillemot, sandpiper, kittiwake, fulmar, Guillemot, tsekwe ndi mitundu ina. More wolemera zomera zam'madzi.

Arctic chipululu zone ya Russia kum'mwera umalandira ufulu wa Wrangel Island, kumpoto ndi zochepa kuzilumba za Franz Josef Land. Limakwirira Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya (North Island), New Siberia Islands, Severnaya Zemlya, Wrangel Island, mbali kumpoto kwa Taimyr Peninsula ndi nyanja Arctic kutsuka malo awa a dziko. m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja zilumba zambiri - ndi otsika lathyathyathya ndi malo kumtunda - mapiri mpaka 1000 mamita ndi Okwera. Chipale mzere M'madera a zitunda awa ndi otsika, choncho mbali yaikulu ya zilumba zambiri wotanganidwa ndi oundana (mpaka 85% pa Franz Josef Land). Makamaka oundana chokhala kwenda nyanja ndi kusiya, kupanga namkholowa. Pa dziko, ayezi, ambiri Madzi oundana.

Madzi oundana, ozizira ndi waufupi m'chilimwe ndi zomera ochepa kulenga zinthu akumane kuti ndondomeko nthaka-n'kupanga. Choncho, nthaka pa dera la zachilengedwe otsika mphamvu dera, pamiyala, osauka.

Komabe, ngakhale zikutha m'mayiko kwambiri kwa nthaka ndi zomera, kozizira zipululu Russia yodziwika ndi kusintha mitundu zikuchokera mu njira latitudinal. Ku dera kumpoto amakhala ndi madera udzu Moss kuti m'malo zatha kum'mwera kwa chitsamba chilichonse-Moss. Kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa dziko la chimodzimodzi wamba kozizira chipululu chitsamba chilichonse-Moss mtundu, koma ndi kutchulidwa chivundikiro chitsamba.