Magetsi - izi ndi ... Tanthauzo

Magetsi - ndi mawu amene agwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira sayansi. Tiyeni tione tanthauzo la kuchuluka thupi, makamaka maonekedwe, ofunsira.

tanthauzo

magetsi ndi chiyani? Khama sayansi zikusonyeza kuphatikiza zochitika zosiyanasiyana kugwirizana ndi gulu la kuyang'anira magetsi.

Mawu amenewa anayamba ndi English wasayansi William Gilbert mu 1600. Iye anayesera kulongosola zochitika zikuchitika pansi zochita za thupi la kampasi maginito. Kuti anali, mu kuchita, anatsimikizira kukhalako kwa electrification matupi.

masamba a mbiriyakale

Magetsi - chodabwitsa kuti ayesera kufotokoza mu nthawi ya Greece wakale. Nzeru za anthu amene ankakhala chiwiri m'ma BC, anapeza kuti Amber akusisita wa nkhosa zachilengedwe, atapeza mphamvu kukopa zosiyanasiyana zinthu.

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri makina electrostatic analengedwa ndi German Otto Fon Gerike, wopangidwa mwa mipira sulfure, anapachikidwa pa ndodo zitsulo. Chotero eg walola iye kusunga osati kukopa kwa zinthu, komanso repulsion awo.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu England Stephen Gray, mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano za mphamvu ya magetsi kufala pa mtunda wina. Iye anapeza kuti malingana zikuchokera zinthu zimasintha kuthekera kuchita magetsi panopa.

magetsi ndi chiyani? Lingaliro, akamanena za zochitika thupi analongosola ndi France Charles Dufay. Pa mayesero osiyana analandira utomoni ndi galasi magetsi zikuchitika pa mikangano pa silika galasi, utomoni pa nkhosa. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu Pieter galimoto Musschenbroek ayambe capacitor magetsi, wotchedwa Leyden mtsuko. Mu zatsopano kufanana zokhudza kafukufuku wa magetsi mumlengalenga, ikuchitika ndi Russian wasayansi M. V. Lomonosovym.

Kumapeto kwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu m'ma m'khosi anapeza lamulo malinga ndi zimene magetsi - ndi chisonyezo cha particles mlandu.

Kumayambiriro chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi atumwi sayansi Oersted anali wapezeka mu atomu kusokonezedwa. Iwo chimatsegula ndi kutseka dera, ndi kuona oscillations kampasi ili pafupi kondakitala. Ampere anapeza kuti magetsi ndi nyese ndi apaubale milandu kumene kulibe magetsi malo amodzi.

Faraday, kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kafukufuku wawo wa Ampere ndi Oersted, anapeza chodabwitsa cha kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu. Kuti iwo jenereta udaikidwa magetsi, zomwe imakhala pakati maginito katushki.Cherez anangomulambalala magetsi. Tanthauzo la mawu pambuyo akuchita zatsopano anayamba kugwirizana ndi chisonyezo cha particles mlandu.

ntchito Maxwell anali kukwaniritsidwa kwa zochitika zonse za mu atomu. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri panali chiphunzitso cha electrodynamics kwadzidzidzi. Mlongoyo anayankha mafunso onse amene anali asayansi pa nyengo imeneyo.

zowonjezera magetsi Kodi

Tapeza magetsi kuti - ndi mulingo umodzi umene amagwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka particles mlandu. Ndipo chimene chimapanga ndi mlandu magetsi? Kumafuna Luso lopeka minda magetsi padziko wochititsa lapansi. Matupi ndi mlandu wofananawo, amawateteza mzake, ndi osiyana - pafupi. Kuti, monga kayendedwe ka particles pa kulanda magetsi mkati wochititsa lapansi.

magetsi zachilengedwe

Monga magetsi panopa yowala oonetsa dziko zamoyo kuganizira zipper. chikhalidwe Chake magetsi unakhazikitsidwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Inasanduka mphezi anayambitsa moto ambiri nkhalango. Kusiyana angathe akuwuka pakati pa zigawo za m'mlengalenga ndi padziko lapansi 400 kV.

Njira kunachitika wamanjenje dongosolo, unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi ndime mlandu magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu uyenderere zidzachitika kuwuka kwa voteji kudutsa selo nembanemba, imene zamoyo imatengedwa mitsempha mtima. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusamutsa mfundo selo wina ndi mzake. Nsomba ntchito yopanga magetsi pansi kufufuza madzi komanso chitetezo adani.

Mwachitsanzo, South America njoka yam'madzi magetsi akhoza kupanga magetsi kukha kuti volts mazana asanu. Lampreys ndi nsombazo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzindikira kupanga magetsi. zolandilira Special magetsi kumunda nsomba zamoyo zina.

Pomaliza

zatsopano kunachitika ndi magetsi, apite patsogolo sayansi. Pamaziko a panopa zipangizo zikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, mu sayansi, luso.

Kuti kwathunthu kukwaniritsa zokhumba onse atapereka ndi chenicheni cha magetsi, wamphamvu mphamvu magudumu yapangidwa. Pa mtima za ntchito yawo ndi chiphunzitso cha magetsi ndi nyese, kukambirana pamwamba.