Bungwe Social: zizindikiro. Zitsanzo mabungwe chikhalidwe

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe anthu wonse - akonzedwa a mabungwe chikhalidwe. malo awo monga padziko, zomwe zimawachititsa makamaka oyenera chinthu kwa kuonetsetsa ndi ulamuliro.

Nayenso kuipidwa bungwe dongosolo ndi malamulo ake ndi malamulo ndipo pali bungwe chikhalidwe. Zizindikiro za izo osiyana, koma ali m'magulu, ndipo iwo m'nkhani ino.

Lingaliro la bungwe chitukuko

bungwe Social - ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya gulu la zinthu zosangalatsa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi G. Spencer. Malinga ndi wasayansi, ndi kuchuluka kwa mabungwe chikhalidwe amalenga otchedwa chimango cha anthu. Kudulidwa mu mawonekedwe, anati Spencer, anapanga mchikakamizo cha zosiyanasiyana anthu. anthu onse anagawa mu mabungwe zitatu, kuphatikizapo:

• ubereki;
• yogawa;
• m'malango.

Opinion E. Durkheim

E. Durkheim ankakhulupiriranso kuti munthu monga munthu akhoza kuzindikira yokha yokha kumabungwe chikhalidwe. Iwo apangidwa kukhazikitsa udindo pakati pa mitundu ya yapakati-nchito ndiponso zosowa za anthu.

Karl Marx

Mlembi wa wotchuka "Capital" imawunikidwa mabungwe chikhalidwe mawu ubale mafakitale. Mu maganizo ake, bungwe chikhalidwe, ndipo pali zizindikiro zimene gulu la kulimbika, ndi chuma patokha chodabwitsa, ndi aumbike muulamuliro awo.

terminology

Mawu akuti "bungwe chikhalidwe" anachokera ku mawu Latin "bungwe" kutanthauza "gulu" kapena "dongosolo." Ndi tanthauzo limeneli, mfundo kuchepetsa mbali zonse za bungwe la makhalidwe.

tanthawuzo zikuphatikizapo mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a akhomere ntchito yapadera. Cholinga cha mabungwe chikhalidwe - kuonetsetsa mtendere wa ukugwirira ntchito kulankhulana mwa anthu.

Zokondweretsa monga yochepa tanthauzo: bungwe ndi mgwirizano mawonekedwe maubale, akulimbana zofunika kuti ndi zogwirizana anthu.

N'zosavuta kuona kuti onse matanthauzo operekedwa (kuphatikizapo maganizo a asayansi tatchulazi) zochokera "mizati atatu":

• anthu;
• bungwe;
• akusowa.

Koma izi si mbali zonse za bungwe la makhalidwe, m'malo mfundo Buku kuti tiyenera kuziganizira.

zinthu institutionalization

The ndondomeko ya institutionalization - wayamba bungwe chikhalidwe. Zimachitika pa zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kufunika chikhalidwe monga chinthu chimodzi chimene adzakomana Institute m'tsogolo;
• Mugone chikhalidwe, ndiye mogwirizana kwa anthu ndi madera, chifukwa cha zimene anapanga ndi mabungwe ena;
• cholinga dongosolo la makhalidwe ndi malamulo;
• zakuthupi ndi gulu, anthu ndi chuma chofunika.

magawo a institutionalization

The ndondomeko kukhala bungwe chikhalidwe akudutsa ena magawo:

• zikamera ndi kuzindikira zosowa za anthu Institute;
• elaboration malamulo a khalidwe chikhalidwe mu chimango cha tsogolo la Institute;
• chilengedwe cha ophiphiritsa ake, kuti ndi dongosolo la zizindikiro zimene zimaloza kulenga bungwe ena;
• mapangidwe, kukula ndi tanthauzo la udindo ndi ulemu dongosolo;
• kulengedwa kwa bungwe la maziko chuma;
• Institute of kusakanikirana mu dongosolo chikhalidwe alipo.

mbali kandalama wa bungwe chitukuko

Zizindikiro za maganizo "bungwe chikhalidwe" zimaonetsa kuti masiku ano.

mbali kandalama monga:

• Kuchuluka kwa zinthu, komanso asapita chikhalidwe.
• Mabungwe amene ndi mphamvu kuti bungwe zochita za anthu, komanso kuchita zosiyanasiyana za maudindo ndi ntchito. Mwachitsanzo: chikhalidwe, gulu ndi kuchita polojekiti ndi ulamuliro ntchito.
• Anthu malamulo ndi malangizo amene apangidwa kuti zonse khalidwe la anthu bungwe zina chikhalidwe.
• Zofunika zikutanthauza kuti tikwaniritse zolinga za Institute.
• Mfundo, zolinga.

Mitundu mabungwe chikhalidwe

Gulu, lomwe bungwe mabungwe chikhalidwe (onani gome m'munsimu), ukugawa lingaliro ili mu mitundu anayi osiyana. Aliyense wa iwo unalembedwa zinayi bungwe yeniyeni.

ndi mabungwe umoyo wa anthu? Table atsimikiza mitundu ndi zitsanzo.

Wauzimu mabungwe chikhalidwe mu magwero ena otchedwa mabungwe chikhalidwe, ndi dera banja Zikatero, nthawi zina amatchedwanso stratification ndi zimakhalira pachibale.

zizindikiro zosonyeza chikhazikitso chikhalidwe

General, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za bungwe chitukuko ndi:

• uthunthu wa nkhani zimene ali mkati zachibadwa za malonda kulowa asapita;
• khola chikhalidwe cha ubale awa;
• kumatanthauza (kutanthauza, mwa njira ina formalized) bungwe;
• mchikhalidwe khalidwe ndi malamulo;
• zinthu zimene kupereka kusakanikirana ndi Institute a mu dongosolo chikhalidwe.

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti mbali awa mwamwayi, koma nawatsimikizira kuchokera tanthauzo ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mabungwe osiyanasiyana chikhalidwe. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo, mwa zina, zili kudziwa institutionalization.

Social zizindikiro yunivesite ndi zitsanzo

Aliyense bungwe yeniyeni chikhalidwe ali makhalidwe yake - makhalidwe. Iwo n'zogwirizana ndi udindo, mwachitsanzo: udindo waukulu wa banja ngati chikhazikitso chikhalidwe. N'chifukwa chake tizikumbukira kuti tikambirane zitsanzo ndi makhalidwe lolingana ndi maudindo.

Banja ngati chikhazikitso chikhalidwe

Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za bungwe chitukuko - zoona, banja. Malinga tebulo pamwamba, adzaupereka kwa mtundu wachinayi mabungwe kuphimba dzina mofanana kuchuluka kwa. Choncho, ndi maziko ndi cholinga chachikulu cha ukwati, bambo ndi mayi. Komanso, banja limodzi, ndipo Chili iwo.

Zizindikiro za bungwe ili okhudzidwa:

• mating kugwirizana kapena zimakhalira pachibale;
• okwana bajeti;
• kukhalira pamodzi mokhala wina.

Udindo waukulu wa banja ngati chikhazikitso chikhalidwe ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti odziwika kuti iye - "foni ya anthu". Kwenikweni, zonse zili bwino. Mabanja - particles yomwe imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kuwonjezera kuti bungwe, anthu banja amatchedwanso gulu laling'ono chikhalidwe. Ndi N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa ndi kubadwa kwa munthu akayamba imawalamulira ndi nacho nokha moyo.

Maphunziro monga bungwe chitukuko

Maphunziro ndi subsystem chikhalidwe. Iwo ali dongosolo yeniyeni ndi mbali.

Kuweta mapangidwe zinthu:

• mabungwe chikhalidwe ndi madera chikhalidwe (sukulu ndi gulu m'magulu ya aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, etc ...);
• ntchito yamakolo mu mawonekedwe a ndondomeko maphunziro.

Zizindikiro za bungwe lina la chikhalidwe monga:

1. Malamulo - pa Institute of Education tinganene kuti Zitsanzo: wofuna kudziwa, kupezeka, kulemekeza aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anzawo / m'kalasi.
2. Ikuimira kuti Chikhalidwe makhalidwe - nyimbo zovala za manja a sukulu, chizindikiro cha ena zizindikiro wotchuka koleji nyama.
3. Yothandiza makhalidwe chikhalidwe, monga m'makalasi ndi kabinenty.
4. Mfundo - mfundo za kufanana pakati pa ophunzira, kulemekezana, ufulu wa kulankhula ndi ufulu kuti azivota ndi ufulu maganizo awo.

Zizindikiro za mabungwe okhudzidwa: Zitsanzo

Kuti adzimvera limodzi zomwe ali m'bukuli. Zizindikiro za bungwe lina la chikhalidwe monga:

• ya zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo (monga bambo / mayi / mwana / mlongo bungwe la banja);
• Khalidwe khola chitsanzo (mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo zenizeni kwa mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira anayambitsa maphunziro);
• miyezo (mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro ndi malamulo a dziko la Boma);
• zizindikiro (mwachitsanzo, mwambo wa ukwati kapena anthu opembedza);
• mfundo zikuluzikulu (ie, makhalidwe abwino).

bungwe Social, zizindikiro zomwe zinakambidwa mu nkhaniyi anafuna kutsogolera khalidwe la munthu aliyense, monga kukhala mbali ya moyo wake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mwachitsanzo, ndi strasheklassnikov ochiritsira amatanthauza osachepera atatu chikhalidwe mabungwe: banja, sukulu ndi boma. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, malingana aliyense, iye ali ndi udindo (udindo), umene ali ndi monga zomwe iye akufuna chitsanzo wake khalidwe. Iye, nayenso Mzimuyo yankho lake pa anthu.