Derzhavin GR yonena za ndakatulo iyi: ndi zikuluzikulu zazikulu

Mu mbiri ya mabuku Russian wa wolemba woyamba amene anatchuka kwambiri padziko lonse pa moyo wake, zinali Derzhavin GR mbiri ndi ntchito yake zinadziwika mu Europe chifukwa cha ode wauzimu "Mulungu". Linalembedwa ndi wolemba nthawi choonadi apamwamba.

Ana ndi achinyamata a ndakatulo iyi

Wambiri Derzhavin mwachidule, ndithudi, zitha kuwonetsa mphindi chifungulo cha moyo wake. Gabrieli anabwera kuwala July 1743 m'mudzi wa Karmachi ili m'chigawo cha ku Kazan.

Makolo ake anachokera ku mfulu, koma analibe ndalama waukulu, banja. Bambo anakwatira wopanda mwana wamasiye Thecla Andreevnu Gorin. Gabriel anali mwana wawo woyamba. Pa zaka 7 mnyamata wachikulire anali azikaphunzira pa wapadera sukulu yogonera komweko German Rose. Kumeneko, anakhala zaka 4. Mu 1754, mutu wa banja anafa. Mkazi wamasiye anali ndi ana atatu pa manja ake ndipo analibe kulipira ngakhale kuposa mangawa mwamuna wake. Anansi, masuku pamutu kuthedwa nzeru yake, ndipo ngakhale anachotsa m'mayiko a Derzhavin. Ndipo komabe iye anali kudziwa ana kusukulu, amene wachita lidatseguka Kazan. Gabriel anasonyeza mphamvu kwambiri moti mphunzitsi wamkulu otchulidwa pa msonkhano ndi Shuvalov, amakonda wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth. Werengerani analamula kuti pamodzi ndi anthu olemekezeka zina wochititsa Corps analembedwa ndi Derzhavin GR mbiri ndi umboni wake mwake. The mnyamata pazifukwa zina anazindikiritsidwa mu Preobrazhensky Regiment wamba udindo wapamwamba, ndipo mu 1762 kale iye pa utumiki ku St. Petersburg. Anyankhondo Gavrila Romanovich anakhalabe zaka 10. izo wopyoza kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, panali kulanda boma, mphamvu anasintha: mmalo mwa anaphedwa Peter III yoyenera kuyamba Catherine II. Koma ziribe kanthu momwe tsiku anapita Derzhavina usiku anawerenga mabuku ndipo analemba ndakatulo.

Kukakamizidwa yosiya ntchito. ndakatulo Ukwati

Only mu 1772 wapanga Derzhavin GR, amene mbiri isanayambe choncho sizinali zophweka kuti potsiriza ankalimbikitsa kwa anga ndi kunditumiza ku nyumba ya olemekezeka. Kumeneko iye anakhala asiye kusewera makhadi. Anayambitsa mlandu iye kwa zaka 12, choncho chilichonse ndipo likupitirirabe. Mabaibulo awo ndakatulo ndi odes ndakatulo inafalitsidwa koyamba mu 1773. Kwa zaka zitatu anali m'khamu la General Bibikov, amene anayesa kuletsa kugalukira E. Pugacheva. Mu tinkasangalalira Derzhavin anapitiriza kulemba. Mwadzidzidzi, akuluakulu anatumiza Gavrila Romanovich kwa chikhalidwe chake m'mbali yosiyira ntchito. Posakhalitsa anapeza woyang'anira otchuka. Anakhala Prince Vyazemsky. Iye anathandiza Derzhavin kupeza malo mu Senate. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo anazindikira kuti kumene choonadi, sakhoza ntchito. Mu 1778 Gavrila Romanovich kukwatira. Iwo unali wosankhidwa 18 wazaka Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bastidon. Mu nthawi yomweyo, wolemba ndakatulo analowa bwalo zolembalemba. Anacheukira kwa kulemba ndakatulo achipembedzo.

Mtima Catherine II

The "Ode kuti Felice" Anatsogolera chomukondweretsa Mfumukazi. Amayamikira, iye anasankha ndakatulo woyamba Olonets, kenako mkulu wa Tambov. Apa nthawi yomweyo anatsegula ntchito yake pantchito. Mu Tambov iye anatsegula zisudzo, ndi ana amasiye, ndi sukulu, anthu House. Gavrila Romanovich anamenya kwambiri akanatha ndi bureaucracy ndi chilungamo. Izi sanadzikondweretsa akuluakulu St. Petersburg, izo anadandaula. Catherine anaganiza kuti ndi yodalirika kwambiri kusunga ndakatulo nawo ndi kanthu kochita si adamulamulira. Iye analamula Derzhavin anafika ku likulu ndi zaka zoposa 2 anakhala kumeneko pomwepo. Only mu 1791, Catherine anamupatsa positi: mlembi wake wake madandaulo tsopano Derzhavin GR yonena wake kuyambira pamenepo kwambiri zinasintha. Mu 1793 Derzhavin anakhala aphungu ndi pulezidenti wa College ya Zamalonda. Wolemba ndakatulo analemera kwambiri ndipo akhoza kugula nyumba pa Fontanka. Mu chaka chomwecho mkazi wake anamwalira. Posachedwa Gavrila Romanovich kukwatirana, nthawi ili pa mnzake wa womwalirayo - akhoza Dyakovoy.

oikidwa atsopano

Mu 1796, pambuyo pa imfa ya Mfumukazi, Paulo Ine anafotokozera za ndakatulo ya Council wolamulirayo. Chifukwa cha khalidwe kufika kwa nthawi yaitali sanakhaleko Derzhavin GR yonena Komabe, nthawi yomweyo si makamaka anakhudzidwa: zingati iye kulemba ode zedi mfumu, iye analandira paudindo angapo mkulu mu mzere. Pamene Mfumu anali Alexander Ine, anapatsa mtumiki chilungamo Derzhavin. Komabe, mu positi Gavrila Romanovich yaitali, monga, monga kazembe, "nawonso mwakhama anatumikira."

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Derzhavin

Mu 1809 wolemba ndakatulo definitively kuchotsedwa milandu onse. Iye ankakhala mu munda, ndiye mu St. Petersburg. anzake Derzhavin sanali. Iye ankachita nawo maphunziro a ana ena a womwalirayo. Ndinkakonda privechayut Gavrila Romanovich ndi luso achinyamata. Amadziwika kuti iye anavomereza zatsopano woyamba ndi Pushkin, ndi andakatulo ena ambiri, amene anadzakhala wotchuka. Gavrila Romanovich anapulumuka nkhondo ya Napoleon ndi athamangitsidwe wa asilikali ake kunja kwa dziko. Iye anafa ndakatulo Derzhavin, amene mbiri wotanganidwa kwambiri m'chilimwe 1816 mu chikhalidwe chake. Iye anaikidwa mu mpingo kunyumba, wapafupi Novgorod.